An analysis of adsorption isotherms was carried out based on experimentally obtained data on the binding of the antitumor compound mitoxantrone (MTX) and ethidium bromide (EB) to A-form nucleic acids (NA). The obtained results show that there is selectivity in binding with base pairs of NA. Calculations show that the enthalpy changes due to the binding of MTX and EB to A-form NA (within the experimental error) are almost the same, but the entropy changes upon binding are significantly different. Generalizing the obtained experimental data and comparing them with the literature, it can be concluded that the binding of these compounds to the B-form is stronger compared to the A-form, leading to a more pronounced change in the structure of the double helix of NA.
Dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were used to study interaction products of catalytic system components consisting of organoaluminum compounds (OAC), WCl6, and ethyl alcohol. Organic radicals (g = 2,0037, ∆H = 1,7mT) and W5+ complexes (gz = 1,746, gy = 1,820, gx = 1,842, g1 = 1,9957, g2 = 1,9540, g3 = 1,9465 at 77 K, and g0 = 1.9583 at 300 K) with an additional hyperfine structure from two chlorine nuclei 35,37 Cl have been identified by the EPR method. The formation of such compounds is accompanied by ethane and ethylene release. It is shown that a Cl6/Et3Al (Et2AlCl)/EtOH-based catalytic system of olefin metathesis is a colloidal solution at the initial stages of the interaction of components. The further action of OAC leads to the formation of a molecular solution.
The contemporary architectural and urban landscape is increasingly shaped by computer technology, particularly the utilization of 3D modeling in design and construction. This chapter explores the application of 3D modeling to aid Ukraine in its postwar reconstruction efforts, examining the trends and prospects within this practice. One prominent trend is the streamlining and expediting of building design and construction, achieved through comprehensive 3D modeling that involves various specialists (i.e., architects, designers, and planners) collaborating simultaneously. The chapter conducts a typological analysis of prevalent software programs for modeling architectural environments, with an emphasis on complex design, 3D modeling, and rendering applications. Notably, computer-aided design and drafting (CAD) programs offer a wide range of capabilities, with Graphisoft Archicad, Autodesk AutoCAD, and Autodesk Revit being the most favored in Ukraine. The research evaluates the advantages and potential applications of each CAD program in modeling diverse architectural environments. To substantiate the findings, a sociological case study is conducted in Kharkiv, involving oral interviews of employees and managers in Kharkiv-based architectural firms, as well as a questionnaire with architectural students. This study assesses the alignment of the education system with the demands of the postwar Ukrainian job market, particularly during the reconstruction period. The case study explores the relevance of 3D modeling programs, the demand for expertise in these tools, and their potential utility in the reconstruction effort. The study’s results underscore the importance of establishing ongoing cooperation and information exchange between leading architectural educational institutions and architectural firms to mitigate software and inter-institutional discrepancies.
Since February 24, 2022, the architectural heritage of Ukraine has been exposed to dangerous destruction. The government center on Freedom (Svoboda) Square in Kharkiv - the largest urban development of early modernist architecture and its pearl, included in the Tentative UNESCO World Heritage List (2017) and provisionally inscribed on the International List of Cultural Property under Enhanced Protection (2023) - Derzhprom (The State Industry Building), were hit by a missile attack on March 1, 2022. In the conditions of non-cessation of hostilities and non-priority, the only means of protecting monuments in the city for months were, and in many places still are, sandbags, adhesive tape and plywood. The architectural research community and Government of Ukraine, together with international organizations, must take all possible actions to protect and restore the damaged architectural monuments. The article deals with the modernist monuments of Freedom Square, the chronology of their reconstruction since the Second World War and the damage received over the past almost two years. The paper raises important questions regarding their future fate with the possibility of restoring some objects of the square to their original appearance of the modernist era.
Previous studies have shown that with increasing service life of shipbuilding steels, a strong hydrogen charging of their internal near-surface layers occurs, especially if the service life exceeds 3 years or more. This is known to cause changes in the mechanical properties of steels. Therefore, there is a need to conduct additional experimental studies on the effect of hydrogen in a wide temperature range on the degradation of the structural and phase states of steels, in particular, on changes in the crystal lattice and redistribution of cementite, which directly leads to a decrease in the ductile and deformation properties of the metal, especially at subzero air temperatures. The effect of service life and subzero temperatures on the stress state of the a-matrix lattice and its parameters for the 10KhSND and D32 steels was investigated. A tendency to increase in the value of lattice distortion stresses and decrease in the mass fraction of cementite in specimens of these steels after long-term operation was revealed. Metallographic studies showed that with decrease in the temperature of the cooling medium, the volume fraction of hydrides increases significantly, which leads to embrittlement and softening of steels.
