Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences

Ketoconazole is an antifungal agent effective against Candida spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, and dermatophytes. The low solubility of a drug in water has a very important impact on reduced absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, low bioavailability, the need for higher doses, delayed onset of action, limitations in administration routes, and its therapeutic potential. This study examined the solubility of ketoconazole in binary mixtures of polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG 600) and water over 298.2–323.2 K using the shake-flask method. Saturated concentrations were determined by UV spectrophotometry at 246 nm. Experimental solubility data were analyzed using several mathematical models, including Jouyban–Acree, van’t Hoff, CNIBS/R–K, Mixture Response Surface (MRS), and λh (Buchowski–Ksiazczak) equations, with mean relative deviation percentage (MRD

Excessive reliance on hard-engineered revetments has stabilized urban rivers but often degraded their ecosystems. This study evaluated the ecological functions of riprap revetments constructed along the Cuatien River in Vinh City, Vietnam, with a focus on vegetation recovery, soil improvement, fauna diversity, and microclimate regulation between 2019 and 2024. Vegetation gradually established on the riprap surface, with species richness increasing to 15 woody plants, 5 vines, 18 shrubs/grasses, and 2 ferns. Grass and shrub coverage increased from 5.3

This study assessed the association of the accessory maxillary sinus ostium (AMO) with mucosal thickening (MT) and other anatomical variations of the maxillary sinuses in two age groups using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 eligible CBCT scans (530 maxillary sinuses) of patients in two groups under (n = 117) and over (n = 148) 20 years of age. The axial, coronal, and sagittal planes were evaluated for presence of the AMO, MT > 2 mm, nasal septal deviation (NSD) > 3 mm, concha bullosa (CB), Haller cells (HCs), and primary maxillary ostium (PMO) obstruction by a senior dental student and an oral radiologist. Data were analyzed by using Chi-square test in SPSS software version 24 (alpha = 0.05). The frequency of AMO and MT was 37.3

BACKGROUND:The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine global pooled prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts in transgender population. METHODS:For doing comprehensive search strategy related to objectives in the presence meta-analysis, all international databases like PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Embase, Web of Sciences, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL) were searched from January 1990 to December 2022. The quality of the final selected studies was evaluated according to Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cross-sectional studies. The subgroup analysis was done based on type of transgender (female to male, male to female) and prevalence (point, period, and lifetime), country, and criteria of diagnosis. All analysis was done in STATA version 17. RESULTS:From the total number of 65 selected studies, 71 prevalence of suicidal thoughts, including point, period, and lifetime prevalence were extracted and combined. After combining these values, the prevalence of suicidal thoughts in the transgender population in the world was 39% in the past month (pooled point prevalence: 39%; 95% CI 35-43%), 45% in the past year (pooled period prevalence: 45%; % 95 CI 35-54%) and 50% during lifetime (pooled lifetime prevalence: 50%; % 95 CI 42-57%). Also, the prevalence of suicide attempt in the transgender population of the world was 16% in the past month (pooled point prevalence: 16%; 95% CI 13-19%), 11% in the past year (pooled period prevalence: 11%; % 95 CI 5-19%) and 29% during lifetime (pooled lifetime prevalence: 29%; % 95 CI 25-34%). CONCLUSION:The present meta-analysis results showed the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts in the transgender community was high, and more importantly, about 50% of transgenders who had suicidal thoughts, committed suicide.

The elevated melanin production within the skin results in a distressing pigmentation disorder called melanoma. This underscores the importance of developing effective therapeutic approaches, such as nano-delivery systems. The primary objective of this research was to create alginate (AL) nanoparticle (NP) in gel dosage for improving targeting of arbutin (ARB) as a lightening substance to cure and manage melanoma cancer. Ionic gelation and ultrasonication method were employed to prepare ARB-AL-NP followed by In-vitro assessment of the NP. Outcomes noticed that the optimum ARB-AL-NP were in the size of 252.333 ± 11.873 nm with zeta potential -14.766 ± 0.862, greater encapsulation 89.831 ± 1.081%, and exhibited sustained release of ARB over 6 h (56%). In vitro MTT analysis confirmed that the optimum formulation had higher cell survival on the HFF cell line than kojic-acid and ARB, however, it showed a greater cytotoxic effect on the B16f10 cell line than other groups. Besides, ARB-AL-NP was established to obstruct melanogenesis to a superior level than kojic-acid and ARB and considerably suppress L-dopa auto-oxidation contrasted to kojic-acid and ARB). The outcomes of this assessment confirmed that the ARB-AL-NP could potentially serve as a prospective nanocarrier for ARB cutaneous application, thus unveiling novel approaches for addressing melanoma complaints.