The preservation and development of intangible cultural heritage is a pressing task, particularly in the context of globalization, which contributes to the standardization of cultural traditions. Musical education plays a crucial role in this process, serving as a medium for transmitting national values and shaping cultural identity. This study aims to identify contemporary approaches to integrating traditional music into music education in Kazakhstan and to evaluate their impact on the preservation of cultural heritage. A comprehensive methodological framework was employed, comprising content analysis of academic studies, teaching materials, multimedia platforms, portals, official websites, YouTube channels, and regulatory documents; comparative analysis of educational models in China, Ireland, Japan, Finland, and South Korea; the historical-genetic method to investigate the interaction between traditional and modern music in Kazakhstan; as well as systems-based and prognostic approaches. The study revealed key trends in the integration of traditional music into Kazakhs tan's educational process. It found that, in the context of globalization, initiatives to adapt traditional music to contemporary learning formats, including the use of digital technologies and multimedia platforms, are particularly important. The analysis of international experience indicated that the successful integration of traditional music into educational models abroad is achieved by incorporating folk music into compulsory curricula, actively applying interdisciplinary approaches, and encouraging creative initiatives. The study of the interaction between traditional and contemporary music in Kazakhstan identified a trend towards the stylistic renewal of traditional forms, contributing to their popularisation amongyoung people. The need for a comprehensive approach to the preservation of musical heritage was confirmed, encompassing educational, cultural, and technological components. Promising strategies for the development of music education were outlined, with a focus on safeguarding and revitalising Kazakhstan's traditional musical culture. The findings highlight the importance of designing an integrated educational strategy to preserve traditional music, while the results may inform improvements to curricula and the shaping of state policy in cultural heritage.
Modern cybersecurity challenges span multiple layers, from human behavior and identity management to network communication and device security. This paper proposes a unified multi-layered security framework that integrates human-centric, identity-centric, and communication-centric defenses into a coherent architecture. Drawing on insights from diverse domains (industrial control systems, IoT, healthcare, blockchain, and quantum communications), we identify common defense-in-depth principles and interdependencies across layers. The study highlights the persistent gaps in current research, which often focuses on isolated layers or domain-specific models, and addresses these gaps by synthesizing a cross-domain framework. We develop a mixed-method methodology to compare and integrate multi-layer security mechanisms, and we implement a proof-of-concept risk assessment engine to evaluate the framework’s effectiveness. Preliminary results from this implementation demonstrate that combining layers yields significantly improved detection performance and resilience compared to single-layer baselines. The framework’s contributions include a comprehensive literature-driven model, an operational validation in a simulated environment, and guidelines for deploying multi-layer defenses in complex, interconnected infrastructures. Empirical findings confirm that an integrated multi-layer approach can adapt to varied threat scenarios and reduce vulnerabilities, underscoring the value of coordinated controls across technical and human factors. The proposed framework lays a foundation for future work on scalable, cross-layer cybersecurity architectures that better protect contemporary cyber–physical systems.
Background: WordPress plugins account for the large majority of disclosed CMS vulnerabilities, and learning-based detectors report high accuracy on synthetic corpora and random splits. Methods: We build a benchmark from 1757 real plugin CVEs (6666 indexed identifiers, 1281 plugins), yielding 30,860 labeled PHP functions in two negative-sampling variants. An audit of the released artifacts found exact normalized-code duplicates crossing test folds (166 groups/1086 records in Variant A; 151/676 in Variant B) and identical code carrying contradictory labels (730 and 456 groups). After removing conflicting groups, merging exact duplicates and collapsing token- and AST-level clone families, the corpora contain 15,294 (Variant A) and 24,917 (Variant B) records with zero shared hashes, clone families or plugins across folds. Ten detectors are compared under plugin-grouped five-fold cross-validation on complete held-out folds: a static taint analyzer, TF-IDF Random Forest and SVM, Bi-LSTM, unidirectional LSTM, a taint-augmented neural model, a nested out-of-fold stacking ensemble, and three baselines (majority class, a source/sink presence rule, and a single-feature function-length classifier). Results: The best macro-F1 is 0.563 (Variant A, binary, SVM) and 0.601 (Variant B, binary, nested stacking). Neural models do not lead in any of the six configurations, and the single-feature length baseline matches or exceeds the TF-IDF Random Forest in four of six. The source/sink rule attains an MCC close to zero, and the taint analyzer misses about 98% of vulnerabilities. Manual review of 400 functions finds 48.8% of cleaned positive labels to be genuine vulnerabilities. Conclusions: Under duplicate-controlled evaluation, the differences between detector families are small compared with the variation attributable to label quality, which appears to be the more binding constraint. All data, folds, predictions and fingerprinted result files are released.
Cultural heritage and transdisciplinary learning are increasingly recognized as important components of modern art education. However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding their influence on students' artistic perception, interpretation of cultural heritage, and creative thinking, particularly within the context of Kazakhstan's art education system. This study employed a quantitative research design involving 200 students enrolled in art and art-pedagogical educational programs. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4. The conceptual model examined the effects of cultural heritage integration and the transdisciplinary approach on artistic perception, interpretation of cultural heritage, and creative thinking, while cultural awareness and educational experience were tested as moderating variables. The findings revealed that cultural heritage integration was positively associated with artistic perception (β = 0.412, p < 0.001) and interpretation of cultural heritage (β = 0.365, p < 0.001). The transdisciplinary approach demonstrated the strongest relationship with creative thinking (β = 0.438, p < 0.001). Interpretation of cultural heritage was also positively associated with creative thinking (β = 0.327, p < 0.001). Cultural awareness and educational experience showed significant moderating effects, although the moderation effect of cultural awareness was relatively small. The results confirm that cultural heritage functions not only as educational content but also as a pedagogical resource supporting artistic perception, interpretation, and creative development. Transdisciplinary learning expands students' opportunities for creative reinterpretation and original artistic expression. The study highlights the importance of integrating cultural heritage and transdisciplinary approaches into contemporary art education and provides empirical evidence from Kazakhstan to support more reflective, interpretive, and creativity-oriented educational practices.
The article examines how Eastern philosophical concepts of time and being inform contemporary compositional thinking beyond stylistic and thematic allusion. The study aims to identify how Eastern categories of time are integrated into the structure of twenty-first-century cyclic piano works and how they shape the organization and semantics of musical time. The corpus comprises three cyclic piano works: Bakir Bayakhunov's Triptych (Esoteric) (2006), Michel Allard's Yoga Suite (2013) and Chen Yihan's Spirits (2013). The methodology combines hermeneutic interpretation, a semiotic and philosophical approach to archetypal temporal models, comparative and typological analysis, and intonational-semantic analysis of textural and registral processes. The results demonstrate three distinct structural-semantic models of cyclicity: a ritual path in Triptych (Esoteric) (duality-causality-liberation), a spiral model in Yoga Suite (recurrence through transformed returns and accumulated states) and metamorphosis in Spirits (continuous transformation across crystallization and dissolution). On this basis, the article substantiates the genre-form model as an integrative analytical category linking genre premise, temporal organization and philosophical semantics, and argues that contemporary cyclic piano works may be approached as processes of semantic formation rather than as fixed schemes of repetition.
