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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to investigate the financial support of territorial communities as a determinant of the financial stability of enterprises in the regions of Ukraine, based on structural-dynamic and panel econometric analysis. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying the main transmission channels through which the budgetary capacity of territories affects enterprise performance, as well as on assessing the spatial differentiation of this impact under conditions of wartime economic transformation. Methodology. The methodological framework of the study combines structural-dynamic, econometric, and cluster approaches. The research is based on official statistical data for the period 2018-2024. A panel regression model with fixed effects is employed to evaluate the influence of budgetary and financial indicators on enterprise sales volumes. Additionally, the k-means clustering method is applied to group regions, with prior normalization of indicators to ensure comparability. Findings. The results reveal substantial regional disparities in the financial capacity of territorial communities. A statistically significant positive relationship is confirmed between local budget revenues, expenditures on economic activity, capital investments, and enterprise sales volumes, with the investment factor demonstrating the strongest effect. The estimated model exhibits a high level of explanatory power (R? within = 0.71). The cluster analysis enables the identification of distinct groups of regions according to their levels of financial support and economic activity, highlighting spatial asymmetries in development and differences in the ability of territories to sustain a stable business environment. Originality. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the integrated application of panel econometric modeling and cluster analysis for a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between the financial capacity of territorial communities and the financial stability of enterprises at the regional level, allowing for the simultaneous consideration of dynamic and spatial dimensions of development. Practical value. The practical significance of the obtained results consists in their applicability for designing differentiated regional financial policies, improving mechanisms of entrepreneurship support, optimizing the allocation of budgetary resources, and substantiating managerial decisions aimed at strengthening the financial stability of enterprises under conditions of wartime economic transformation and post-war recovery.
The article describes the current state of Ukraine's banking system in the context of the ongoing armed conflict, which has significantly affected the macroeconomic environment and the functioning of the country's financial sector. The author focuses on the profound transformations that took place in the structure of the banking system in 2021-2024, in particular, the reduction in the number of solvent banks, the growing role of state-owned financial institutions, and the decline in the share of banks with foreign capital. The author analyzes the dynamics of changes in the ownership structure of banks due to both the withdrawal of weak players from the market and the implementation of the state support policy for critical sectors of the economy. The paper analyzes changes in the structure of banking sector assets, in particular, a decrease in the share of lending to the real sector and households against the background of growing investments in government securities and deposit certificates of the National Bank of Ukraine. This transformation indicates a reorientation of the banking system to support liquidity and finance the state's budgetary needs, which is a response to the increased risks and uncertainty of wartime. The article highlights a set of anti-crisis measures implemented by the National Bank of Ukraine in 2022-2024, including liquidity support, temporary currency restrictions, enhanced monitoring of the financial condition of banks, and the development of macroprudential regulation. The author emphasizes the role of the state in ensuring financial stability, protecting the interests of depositors, and maintaining the functionality of the payment system in extreme conditions. A number of key problems threatening the stability of the banking system have been identified: an increase in the share of non-performing assets, concentration of credit risks, restrictions on financing the real sector. The article emphasizes the adaptability of the banking sector, the gradual increase in the deposit base, the introduction of digital technologies and the improvement of risk management systems. It is noted that the further development of the banking system of Ukraine should be based on strategic guidelines that take into account the need to support economic recovery, increase financial stability, expand access to financial services and strengthen confidence in banking institutions in the post-war period.
The development of procurement systems and project management necessitates the effective evaluation of tender proposals. The traditional approach, primarily based on the lowest price criterion, is increasingly proving insufficient to ensure high-quality project implementation, especially in the fields of construction, defense industry, infrastructure, and high-tech procurement. In this regard, the use of modern evaluation methods is becoming increasingly relevant, as they make it possible to take into account not only financial but also technical, organizational, time-related, environmental, and socio-economic aspects. This study examines the peculiarities of applying various procurement evaluation methods in projects. In particular, the study focuses on Multi-Criteria Decision Making, the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the TOPSIS method, and Life Cycle Costing methods in the process of evaluating procurement proposals in projects. The paper demonstrates the advantages of using a multi-criteria approach, which ensures more substantiated managerial decision-making, reduces the risks of inefficient resource utilization, and contributes to improving the quality of project implementation. The application of the TOPSIS method allows selecting the alternative that is closest to the ideal solution. In cases where it is necessary to evaluate the life cycle of supply throughout the existence of the project (particularly infrastructure projects), the procurement cost is determined by the total cost of the procurement object during its entire operational life cycle. Unlike the traditional approach, which considers only the initial price, the Life Cycle Costing method makes it possible to evaluate maintenance, energy consumption, repair, disposal, and other operational costs. As a result of the study, it was established that the most effective approach to evaluating procurement proposals in projects is the combined use of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the TOPSIS method, and the Life Cycle Costing (LCC) method. The integration of these methods makes it possible to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of tender proposals, increase the transparency of procurement procedures, minimize risks, and optimize the use of financial resources. The application of modern multi-criteria evaluation methods contributes to improving project management efficiency and adapting the public procurement system to international standards.
Мета досліджень – порівняльна оцінка ефективності вирощування соняшника за впровадження традиційної і ресурсоощадних систем обробітку ґрунту в ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах Заходу України. Методи досліджень: гіпотеза, експеримент, спостереження, польовий, лабораторний, візуальний і порівняльно-розрахунковий метод. Результати досліджень: Польові дослідження проводилися у ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах Заходу України на полі з дерновими глибокимим глейоватими супіщаними ґрунтами. Для проведення досліджень закладено ділянки з різними системами обробітку ґрунту: ділянка 1 – традиційний обробіток ґрунту (оранка на глибину 25 см); ділянка 2 – консервувальний обробіток ґрунту (чизелювання на глибину 35 см); ділянка 3 – мульчувальний обробіток ґрунту (дискування на глибину 10 см). За результатами досліджень відзначено позитивний вплив інтенсивності й глибини основного обробітку ґрунту на висоту рослин та елементи структури врожаю соняшника. За традиційного обробітку ґрунту відзначено найбільшу врожайність зерна соняшника – 1,81 т/га. На ділянці з консервувальним обробітком ґрунту врожайність – 1,75 т/га, а ділянці з мульчувальним обробітком – 1,72 т/га. Різниця врожайності між найкращим і найгіршим показниками становила лише 0,09 т/га. Оранка потребує значних енергетичних і трудових витрат, які перевищують аналогічні показники для реалізації безвідвальних систем обробітку грунту. Прямі експлуатаційні витрати на виконання оранки були найбільшими і становили 1661 грн/га, що на 618 і 986 грн/га більше відносно затрат на глибоке безполицеве розпушування і дискування відповідно. Упровадження традиційного обробітку ґрунту сприяє формуванню найвищої врожайності і збільшенню прибутку на 192-229 грн/га. Однак, незважаючи на найменший прибуток, на ділянці з мульчувальним обробітком ґрунту за рахунок найменших витрат отримано найвищу рентабельність — 52,2%, що на 1,0-1,8% більше, ніж на ділянках із консервувальною і традиційною системами обробітку ґрунту. Висновки. Результати проведених досліджень і обчислень засвідчують, що зазначені системи обробітку ґрунту (традиційна, консервувальна і мульчувальна) за врожайністю та економічною ефективністю вирощування соняшника в умовах Заходу України знаходяться на одному рівні. Ключові слова: дослідження, соняшник, системи обробітку ґрунту, врожайність, ефективність.
The article examines the definition of the concepts of "small and medium-sized enterprises," the essence, significance, reasons for the economic downturn, and the insignificant improvement in the indicators of economic development of these entities in the country. Attention is drawn to the fact that these economic entities are important components of the country's economic potential in market relations. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of business development in the conditions of a pandemic and wartime in Ukraine. The method of distinguishing small and medium-sized enterprises among micro and large enterprises in the economic system of Ukraine is investigated. A comparative analysis of the indicators of economic activity of active small and medium-sized enterprises in recent years is conducted. Some perennial problems of the economic development of SMEs are outlined, and new main challenges and problems of SME development associated with Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine are identified. Some positive shifts in the economic activities of small and medium-sized enterprises during the war in Ukraine and prospects for the post-war period are revealed. The authors formulate proposals for stabilizing and gradually increasing the potential of enterprises and the development of SMEs in the economy of the country, which is at war with the russian aggressor on the territory of Ukraine.
