Madurai Medical College is a medical school attached to the Government Rajaji Hospital in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. The hospital provides tertiary care to more than twenty million people in the southern part of Tamil Nadu. The hospital was established in 1842 and became a teaching hospital in 1954. The hospital was formerly known as Erskine's Hospital.Madurai Medical College is affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University and is recognised by the World Health Organization. It is most busiest hospital in state of Tamil Nadu also it is the only hospital in the State to have doctors available 24x7 in all speciality departments.The hospital is not only centre of excellence in Southern Tamil Nadu but also in the State for various surgeries. It serves as a tertiary level referral hospital to all the medical college Hospitals of Southern and Central Tamil Nadu. Open heart, closed heart surgeries and valve replacement are performed in this hospital. Master Health Check-up is available. This hospital provides 24 hours casualty facility, 24 hours bio-chemistry lab facility, CT Scan and MRI Scan facility and so on. It provides tertiary care with the comprehensive health insurance scheme by the government of Tamil Nadu.
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Introduction: Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in India and other Asian countries for the treatment of malaria, cholera, fungal infections, rheumatism and kidney disorders. The present study was aimed to characterize the bioactive phytoconstituents present in the hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Materials and methods: Fresh leaves of Artabotrys hexapetalus were collected, shade dried, powdered and extracted with a hydroalcohol, its extract was concentrated and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis for the identification of phytoconstituents Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins and tannins. GC–MS analysis identified sixty phytoconstituents, including several bioactive compounds reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective properties, which may contribute to the therapeutic potential of the plant. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus is a valuable source of biologically active phytoconstituents. The GC–MS profile provides scientific evidence supporting its traditional medicinal uses and serves as a basis for future isolation of bioactive compounds and pharmacological investigations.
Background: Clerodendrum inerme (Linn) Gaertn belongs to Lamiaceae, tall shrub with opposite leaves and native to India, China, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Myanmar and Africa. Tribal communities of Anantapur district, Andhrapradesh used the plant to treat the skin disease, atopic rhinitis and oedema. The phytochemical review reported the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics and terpenoids in Clerodendrum inerme. The plant leaves revealed anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neurotoxicity, hepatoprotective, anti-helminthic and anti-diabetic activity. The aim of this study was to characterize the phytoconstituents present in hydroalcoholic extract of Clerodendrum inerme using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Materials and methods: leaves were collected from Ari nursery garden, Madakkulam, Madurai district, Tamilnadu in the month of February 2026. It was identified and authenticated by Dr.Stephen American college, Madurai. The collected leaves were washed with water, shade dried, powered, extracted with hydroalcohol and perform preliminary test. The extract was concentrated and utilised to identify phytoconstituents by GC-MS method. Result and discussion: The research identified ninety six phytoconstituents based on their peak range and area. Among those, thirty six phytoconstituents demonstrated significant pharmacological property, while the remaining Sixty phytoconstituents didn’t show pharmacological activity Conclusion: The present article reported the ninety six phytoconstituents from C.inerme extract using GC-MS method. Among that thirty six phytoconstituents reported the promising pharmacological activity.
Background: Management by Objectives (MBO) serves as a strategic administrative framework designed to enhance institutional effectiveness through the mutual definition of goals by supervisors and subordinates. Within the domain of nursing administration, contemporary nurse leaders are expected to possess a solid grasp of strategic management approaches to ensure optimal patient care delivery and institutional productivity. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of understanding regarding MBO among second-year Master of Science in Nursing students enrolled at the College of Nursing, Madurai Medical College, Madurai. Additionally, the study sought to determine whether there exists a statistically meaningful relationship between the participants’ comprehension levels and their selected sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: A non-experimental, descriptive research framework was adopted for this investigation. A total of 24 participants were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire, which was divided into two sections: one capturing demographic details and the other addressing fundamental aspects of MBO, including its operational procedures, advantages, and constraints within nursing contexts. The gathered data were subsequently examined using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The study outcomes indicated that out of the 24 respondents, the majority—21 individuals (87.5%)—demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge pertaining to MBO. In contrast, two participants (8.33%) exhibited below-average comprehension, while only one respondent (4.16%) achieved an above-average knowledge score. The overall mean knowledge score was recorded as 10.16, with a standard deviation of ±2.17. Furthermore, a statistically significant connection was established between the participants’ knowledge levels and certain demographic variables. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was concluded that a substantial proportion of the study participants (87.5%) possessed an average understanding of MBO, whereas a smaller fraction fell into below-average or above-average categories. The results underscore the necessity for organized educational interventions, such as structured training sessions or workshops, aimed at strengthening the administrative and strategic competencies of nursing students before they assume leadership responsibilities in clinical settings.
The sea surface microlayer (SML) represents the uppermost boundary layer of the ocean, typically ranging from a few micrometers to several hundred micrometers in thickness, and serves as a critical interface between the ocean and the atmosphere. Despite its extremely thin structure, the SML plays a disproportionately significant role in regulating biogeochemical processes, gas exchange, and the accumulation of organic matter, pollutants, and diverse microbial communities. Due to its unique physicochemical properties and ecological importance, accurate sampling of the SML is essential for understanding air–sea interactions and surface-associated biological activity. However, the collection of representative SML samples remains a major methodological challenge owing to its fragile nature, susceptibility to contamination, and spatial–temporal variability. Over the years, several sampling techniques have been developed to address these challenges, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Commonly employed methods include the glass plate technique, metal screen method, rotating drum sampler, and membrane-based approaches. More recently, modified membrane sampling techniques have gained attention for their potential to enhance selectivity, minimize contamination, and improve the recovery of surface-associated microorganisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various sampling techniques used in SML studies, highlighting their working principles, efficiency, and applicability in different environmental contexts. A comparative evaluation of these methods is presented to emphasize their strengths and limitations, particularly in relation to microbial and biochemical analyses. Furthermore, the review discusses the critical importance of method selection in ensuring data reliability and reproducibility, as well as the need for standardization in SML sampling protocols. Future perspectives are also outlined, focusing on the development of advanced, contamination-free, and high-resolution sampling devices to better explore the ecological and biotechnological potential of the sea surface microlayer.
