Proper organization of veterinary services is one of the key elements of economic efficiency of duck farming. It has been established that there are a number of problems in the organization of veterinary services for duck breeding in the country that require scientific analysis. This is insufficient elaboration of the issues of normative-legal regulation of veterinary requirements for duck keeping. However, the state plans to solve this issue in 2025 by adopting new Veterinary Rules, but the draft of this document does not contain any specifics of keeping waterfowl (ducks and geese), taking into account their physiological need for water. The second problem is the lack of unified approaches in planning and organization of veterinary preventive measures against contagious and other diseases of ducks. The authors recommended scientifically based technological cards of veterinary treatment of ducks, which will contribute to the organization of an effective system to control the risks of occurrence and spread of contagious and other diseases of ducks. The third problem is the lack of the scientifically based planning of staffing veterinary specialists for duck breeding farms (enterprises). Here the authors recommend 42 developed norms of time for carrying out veterinary and preventive measures, works performed by veterinary specialists in hatcheries, and registration of veterinary documentation. Also 5 norms of time for laboratory tests for the most significant for industrial duck farming infections have been developed. A systematic approach to the organization of veterinary services for industrial duck farming on the basis of the developed recommendations will ensure stable epizootic well-being of the industry, which will positively affect its economic efficiency.
Information is given about the need to study the biological and ecological features of the manifestation of fish diseases when teaching the course «Fish diseases», in connection with the new conditions of industrial fish farming.
To date, the only effective means of combating goat arthritis-encephalitis viruses (CAEV) includes its early diagnosis and slaughter of all animals in dysfunctional and suspected farms, since specific preventive measures have not been developed. Among the widely available tools for diagnostic studies, PCR indication of the CAEV genome and the detection of specific antibodies of the virus can be distinguished, which directly depends on the serological activity and specificity of the antigens used in diagnostic kits. This work is devoted to the development of a recombinant antigen for serological indication of antibodies against CAEV. As a result of bioinformatic analysis, a search was performed for amino acid sequences of virus proteins, an analysis of immunogenic epitopes of these proteins, a search for N-, O-glycosylation sites, signal peptide sites and transmembrane domains. Based on the data obtained, a recombinant multiepitope antigen was designed with the following amino acid sequence "mqktnepyedfaarlleaidaepipvgaeiipesmkylrgaksqgklneeaerwrrnnppppavraytygviempenyakvcqplvqiyrtlstptyqhhhhhh». The constructed amino acid sequence, after converting it to a nucleotide one, taking into account the codon optimization of protein production in Escherichia coli , was cloned into an expression construct based on the pET28a(+) vector. As a result of the design, the length of the created plasmid for the expression of the nucleotide sequence of the CAEV was 5527 bp. The protein developed and purified by affinity chromatography, containing amino acid sequences of immunogenic epitopes of the CAEV antigens, confirmed its functionality in indirect solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using blood sera from goats with previously confirmed immune status to this virus. The recombinant multiepitope antigen presented in this paper can be widely used as an integral component in the development of diagnostic test systems.
This article presents a brief overview of current knowledge about the potential role that foods can play in the transmission of Helicobacter pathogens to humans. The aim of the study was to identify the DNA of viable bacteria of the genus Helicobacter in pork. One of the most important problems of the modern world is ensuring food quality control. It is necessary to solve complex tasks, including, inter alia, measures to detect opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria in food products. Helicobacteria that are isolated from domestic animals are classified as hard in cultivating microorganisms, which is connected with using a various antimicrobial agent in pig farming. In response to the action of medicines, microorganisms stop growing, being sown on nutrient medium, but they keep the vitality and can infect susceptible organisms. Therefore, a molecular genetic method was developed by Lien De Cooman et al. for detecting DNA of viable helicobacteria [25]. A study of meat samples purchased on the market in terms of the presence of H. suis and H. pylory shows that 2,5% of meat contained DNA of live H. suis.
The aim of the work is to develop a new domestic probiotic preparation containing strains of microorganisms known as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amiloliquefaciens and intended for treatment of cows’ udders, and technology of its application in cattle breeding for prevention of cows with subclinical mastitis and obtaining ecologically clean milk. The composition of microorganism strains was selected on the basis of preliminary microbiological study by sowing on nutrient media. On the basis of scientific and production experience in the conditions of LLC “Soyuz-Agro” of Aznakaevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan, it was found that for this population of cows the most acceptable was the use of probiotic preparation. It contains compositions of strains of microorganism producers such as Bacillus subtilis strain B-11 in the concentration of 1x1010 CFU/ml and Bacillus amiloliquefaciens of the B-14294 strain in the concentration of 1x1010 CFU/ml. It showed the best activity in relation to the microflora of the studied population of lactating cows. On the background of probiotic preparation application for three months of the experiment in milk of experimental cows the number of somatic cells decreased by 39.6 % and microbial contamination reduced by 38.3 % in comparison with those of control, and economic efficiency per 1 ruble of additional costs amounted to 4.3 rubles.
