Moti Lal Nehru Medical College and associated hospitals (MLNMC) is the government medical college with related public hospitals in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was founded in memory of Pandit Motilal Nehru.
BACKGROUND:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), poses significant diagnostic challenges, particularly in South-East Asia, where its prevalence has risen sharply. Although endoscopic biopsies and histopathological evaluations are central to IBD management, inconsistencies in sampling, processing and reporting hinder accurate and reliable diagnosis. METHODS:To address these gaps, the Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists (IAPM), the Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) and the Colitis and Crohn's Foundation, India, (CCFI) collaborated to formulate comprehensive guidelines. Using a structured Delphi process and expert consensus, recommendations were developed to standardize biopsy protocols, histological evaluation and reporting of mucosal biopsies and tackling critical diagnostic challenges. RESULTS:The recommendations cover biopsy sampling, optimal processing, orientation, interpretation methods, histopathological algorithms, recommendations on histological scoring, follow-up biopsies and differentiation of IBD from its mimickers based on existing literature and expert's experience. Reporting formats were suggested to ensure uniformity in practice. CONCLUSION:These evidence-based, practical recommendations aim to enhance diagnostic precision, unify practices and improve patient outcomes in IBD care, providing pathologists in resource-diverse settings with a standardized approach to gastrointestinal mucosal biopsy evaluation.
Presently Coronary artery disease, often caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery lumen due to atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of death. Coronary angiography also known as cardiac catheterization or X-ray angiography, is a medical procedure that uses X-ray imaging to visualize the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. X-ray angiography is procedure to assess the blood flow through these arteries and to identify any blockages or abnormalities. The accuracy of X-ray angiography depends on the quality of the imaging equipment as well as experience and expertise of the radiologist. Poor image quality could affect the accurate diagnosis of coronary arteries. Manual interpretation of angiography images are subjective and time consuming. In some cases, small or diffuse blockages may not be easily visible, and additional imaging techniques may be required. Therefore, early automated detection of blockage of heart vessels became necessary for detection and diagnosis. The artificial intelligence algorithms could play a vital role in this area. In this paper, a deep-learning based algorithm has been used for recognition of blockage in coronary angiographic visuals. Here, we proposed deep learning (YOLOv8) models for the detection of blockage into blood vessels coronary angiography images. In this experiment about 2000 labelled X-ray angiography images has been used from Mendeley. For Experimentation purpose, images are preprocessed and augmented. Total 80% images have been used for training and 20% images has been used for testing. The experimental results show that the measuring metrices of proposed model for detection of blood vessels blockage area in rectangular box. The performance of model represented by predicted value of Precision, recall, mean average precision (mAP) and F1 score are, 99.4%, 100%, 99.5% and 99.7% respectively.
Obesity is a global health crisis affecting developing nations, including India. The management of obesity continues to evolve with newer drugs, metabolic and bariatric surgery and endoscopic interventions, requiring family physicians and specialists to adapt their clinical practice accordingly. There is an urgent need for a standardized algorithm to diagnose, stage, and treat obesity. The Endocrine Society of India (ESI) and the Obesity Surgeons Society of India (OSSI) appointed a steering committee to develop an evidence-based algorithm for managing patients with obesity in India. This was put to vote by 80 specialists (38 from OSSI and 42 from ESI) in a physical meeting. A proposed stage-wise algorithm based on Edmonton Obesity Staging System, Asian definition of obesity, and resources in India, received 100
BACKGROUND:The most common causes for ulcero-stricturing diseases of the ileo-cecal region and colon in Southeast Asia are Crohn's disease (CD) and gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GI TB). Diagnosing these conditions is challenging because they share several clinical, endoscopic, radiological and histological features on mucosal biopsies. Therefore, there is a need to standardize the sampling, processing and interpretation of mucosal biopsies to aid clinical decision-making. METHODS:Recognizing this challenge, core subject experts nominated by the Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists (IAPM), the Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) and the Colitis and Crohn's Foundation, India (CCFI), collaborated to formulate comprehensive recommendations for pathologists regarding optimal biopsy protocols, histological interpretation and reporting for differentiating CD from GI TB. A structured Delphi process was followed. RESULTS:The recommendations from the core domain expert groups were based on discussions, brainstorming sessions and extensive literature reviews conducted over three virtual group meetings, multiple online voting sessions and one physical meeting involving all experts. This document is expected to standardize the practice of luminal gastroenterology by providing a ready reference for budding specialists and pathologists, thereby promoting uniformity in practice. CONCLUSION:These multi-society, evidence-based and practically applicable recommendations developed by core subject experts aim to promote uniformity and confidence in pathology reports, facilitate timely patient management and prevent complications arising from erroneous treatment.
Background:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common non-communicable disease affecting over 89.8 million adults in India. Evidence suggests long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist improves glycaemic control in the patients with T2DM. This phase 3 trial compared a novel semaglutide injection developed by Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. with the reference biologic in Indian adults with T2DM inadequately controlled on metformin. Methods:In this multicentre, randomised study, 314 patients aged 18-65 years with HbA1c 7.0-10.5 % were randomised 1:1 to once-weekly semaglutide injection (test) or reference semaglutide for 24 weeks. Doses were titrated according to glycaemic targets. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c at 24 weeks (pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 0.4 percentage points). Secondary endpoints included changes in fasting and post-prandial glucose, body weight, BMI, lipid profile, blood pressure, rescue medication use, safety profile and anti-drug antibody formation. Analyses were conducted on the modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population. Results:Of 314 randomised participants, 274 completed the trial (133 in the test arm and 141 in the comparator arm). HbA1c decreased from 8.36 % to 6.81 % in the test group and from 8.36 % to 6.79 % in the comparator, with a least-squares mean difference of -0.0038 % (95 % CI -0.20 to 0.19), meeting the pre-specified non-inferiority margin. Reductions in body weight (-4.59 vs -4.42 kg), BMI (-1.76 vs -1.68 kg/m2), fasting plasma glucose (-37.5 vs -39.0 mg/dL) and post-prandial plasma glucose (-54.5 vs -55.7 mg/dL) at week 24 were comparable between the groups. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 58.6 % of patients in the test group and 61.8 % of patients in the comparator group, respectively. Most events were mild and no serious adverse events occurred. Hypoglycaemia was infrequent and mild (1.9 % vs 0 %). Anti-drug antibodies were detected in 2.23 % of samples and had no impact on efficacy. Conclusions:This novel formulation of once-weekly semaglutide injection demonstrated non-inferior glycaemic efficacy, safety & immunogenicity to the reference product in Indian adults with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration:Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2025/03/082615).
