Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering & Technology

This study investigates the effects of recycled fibers and nano silica (NS) on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete for rigid pavement applications. Waste tire steel fibers (WTSF) and nylon fibers from scrap paintbrushes (NFSB) were incorporated into concrete mixes to enhance flexural, compressive, and tensile strengths, as well as durability under various environmental conditions. The experimental findings indicated notable enhancements in the performance of the concrete with the incorporation of fibers and NS. The combination of 1

Methane hydrates, crystalline compounds of methane and water form under high pressure and low temperatures, presenting opportunities as an energy resource and challenges like pipeline blockages. Accurate prediction of hydrate equilibrium conditions is crucial for optimizing energy extraction and ensuring pipeline safety. In this study, machine learning models were developed to predict hydrate equilibrium temperatures in various brine solutions, using a dataset of 1039 data points. Eleven models were tested, with each evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation to ensure accuracy and robustness. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) emerged as the most accurate model, achieving the lowest error rates and highest R2 values. Sensitivity analysis identified pressure as the most significant factor influencing hydrate formation, followed by specific ions in the brines. This research highlights the effectiveness of machine learning, particularly XGBoost, in predicting methane hydrate formation, offering valuable insights for industrial applications and advancing hydrate management in energy processes.

In this study, the effects of nonlinear thermal radiation, Arrhenius activation energy, and chemical reactions on the flow and heat transfer of a water-based hybrid nanofluid containing SWCNT- [Formula: see text] & MWCNT- [Formula: see text] nanoparticles over a rotating disk are examined. The investigation highlights the combined influence of nonlinear radiation and nanoparticle shape factors on the transport properties of the hybrid fluid. Given that the thermal and structural performance of nanomaterials is strongly dependent on their morphology, special attention is devoted to assessing the role of particle shape variations. The objective of this work is to advance the fundamental understanding of how nonlinear radiative processes, activation energy, and nanoparticle geometry interact in rotating disk flows, thereby contributing to the development of efficient nanofluid based thermal management systems. These materials find applications in energy storage, thermal stability, transistors, and electromagnetic shielding. Given the growing demand for nanotechnology, understanding these effects is crucial for enhancing performance in engineering and energy systems. The governing PDEs are simplified into dimensionless ODEs using similarity transformations. The Successive Over-Relaxation method, executed through a custom MATLAB code, is used to obtain the solutions of these equations. The effects of different parameter values on radial and transversal velocity, as well as heat and mass transfer, are examined using graphical analysis. In addition, tabular data are presented to evaluate the behavior of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number under various parametric conditions. The results reveal that velocity diminishes with increasing magnetic parameter values, whereas nonlinear radiation enhances heat transfer. Activation energy augments both concentration and mass transfer, although the latter is influenced by the Schmidt number and the chemical reaction rate. Conversely, temperature decreases with a rise in the Prandtl number. Radial skin friction decreases by about 44% as the magnetic parameter increases, while tangential skin friction magnitude rises by nearly 78% at low suction and around 37% at high suction. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate improves from 25.27% at Rd = 0.5 to 37.18% at Rd = 1.4, indicating an overall enhancement of 11.91%. These outcomes hold practical significance for optimizing fluid behavior and heat transfer in rotating systems, with potential applications in energy systems, heat exchangers, and advanced cooling technologies.

This research’s prime focus was to synthesize the nano-sized Nd[Formula: see text]-substituted Sr[Formula: see text]Nd x Fe 8 O[Formula: see text] T-type hexaferrites with the composition ([Formula: see text], 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) to augment indulgence of their magnetic properties. Such insights are essential for exploring the imminent applications of these materials in the biomedical field. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the samples were single-phase hexagonal ferrites. The crystallite size varied from 25.10[Formula: see text]nm to 25.39[Formula: see text]nm. The P–E loops indicated that the materials’ lossy behavior decreased with Nd[Formula: see text] content, unveiling an improvement in ferroelectric behavior. The saturation magnetization (M s ) values varied from 4.79[Formula: see text]emu/g to 18.41[Formula: see text]emu/g and coercivity from 1955.90[Formula: see text]Oe to 2614.34[Formula: see text]Oe. The coercivity value suggests that the material might be used in data storage, recording media devices and storage and permanent magnet applications. The heat generated during the alternative magnetic field hyperthermia process establishes these materials as a formidable intervention for decisively targeting tumors, leveraging elevated temperatures to disrupt their growth and survival, paving the way for a significant breakthrough in cancer therapy.

The production of high-quality reclaimed water is a highly desirable goal in wastewater treatment. Rational design of bifunctional polymer with both superior flocculation and extraction performance was achieved according to the molecular engineering strategy. Leveraging its bifunctional nature, a flocculation/extraction coupled process was constructed for reducing residual polymer content in reused water. Color removal of about 99.0 % is achieved while maintaining low residual polymer content (less than 3.0 %) by a combination of flocculation with extraction process. The self-cleaning mechanism of the polymer relies on one-way liquid-liquid mass transfer at oil/water interfaces. The polymers preferentially partition into the oil phase when extraction acts as post-treatment control due to the increased partition coefficient at the oil/water interface. Importantly, the intermolecular hydrophobic interaction among bifunctional polymer plays an important role in inhibiting the retro-diffusion of extract-phase polymers to the raffinate phase, resulting in minimal residual polymer concentration in the recycled water. The wastewater with high salinity (60 g/L) can be directly recycled and reused for three-times as new dyeing baths, minimizing the environmental impact of reactive dyeing systems. A new resourcezation strategy of wastewater has been proposed to address challenges of self-cleaning residual wastewater treatment agents by bifunctional polymer.