Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia

Substantive justice in corruption cases can only be achieved if judges dare to redefine themselves as reflective and transformative actors. This study aims to analyse and formulate a reimagining of the judge’s role in achieving substantive justice in corruption cases in Indonesia. This study employs a juridical-normative approach, enriched by a socio-legal perspective, within an exploratory-analytical qualitative research design. The findings unequivocally challenge the judicial orthodoxy that positions judges merely as enforcers of norms, by asserting that in corruption cases, a rigidly neutral stance risks reproducing structural injustice. Thus, the reconstruction of the judge’s role as an architect of substantive justice is no longer an option, but a normative and ethical imperative. This study offers a novel approach through a critical synthesis of judicial independence, legal politics, and a sentencing paradigm that positions judges as reflective actors who dare to interpret the law progressively while remaining accountable, thereby simultaneously integrating deterrence, the recovery of state losses, and social justice. The implications call for fundamental reform of the penal system, the strengthening of protections for judicial independence against the pressures of populism and power, and a transformation of legal education that is no longer merely legalistic.

Enhancement material (EM) has emerged as a widely accepted solution in grounding systems, primarily aimed at lowering the ground resistance value, RDC. The known advantages of EM is its high conductivity and inherent ability to absorb water. Despite its growing popularity and the advantages it offers, information on the effectiveness of EM in reducing the RDC of ground electrodes versus traditional installations in natural soil environments remains limited. The use of EM in different soil environments where the ground electrode is installed also needs to be addressed. As the characteristics of grounding systems under impulse conditions can differ from those at low voltage, a comparative analysis between the resistance measured at low voltage, RDC, and the impulse impedance derived from the application of impulse current, Zimp, is carried out in this work.

The present study, in principle, aims to introduce an archipelago figure who was once the focus of knowledge seekers in the Holy City of Makkah, Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuz Al-Tarmasiy. This scholar had also left behind significant contributions in his birthplace in the Island of Java. To identify his stature in the field of Islamic studies, scholarly works that bring to light the aesthetics of his writings will be briefly highlighted, fitting with the requirements of research papers. The methodology used in the present study is inclined towards qualitative research that encompasses the various sources of information in the form of his writings, be it from published books, untouched original manuscripts, theses and dissertation that look into his manuscripts and books, and the official website of the institution that was established by his successors. Interviews with his grandchildren and great-grandchildren living across the country will also be utilized as one of the methods used in identifying this figure, his background and the general view about his stature. The results of the study found that, al-Tarmasiy’s stature in the area of Islamic studies is indeed superior based on two factors: First: The establishment of traditional and modern educational institutions in Java that were inspired by his enthusiasm and struggles for the sake of knowledge. Second: The impact of his meticulous works that span over twenty books on the academic world and on the traditional talaqqi education system.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with stage F2–F3 fibrosis represents the main target population for emerging pharmacotherapies. However, data on short-term progression to cirrhosis (F4) in this group remain limited. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of cirrhosis in placebo-treated patients with fibrotic MASH in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In this single-arm meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed and Cochrane Library from inception to December 13, 2024, for pharmacological Phase ≥ 2 RCTs reporting cirrhosis events (detected in liver biopsy or clinical signs) among patients with fibrotic MASH receiving placebo. Incidence rates were pooled using generalized linear mixed models with Clopper–Pearson confidence intervals (CIs). We identified a total of 11 RCTs, including 586 patients with fibrotic MASH. Total follow-up was 657.23 person-years (PYs), with 83 cirrhosis events reported. The pooled incidence rate was 13.09 per 100 PYs (95

Air merupakan kebutuhan vital dalam kehidupan manusia, namun distribusi dan pengelolaannya sering terkendala oleh keterbatasan teknologi serta ketergantungan pada energi fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan pompa air standar menjadi pompa sentrifugal alkon berbasis energi terbarukan dengan memanfaatkan energi surya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan tahapan: identifikasi potensi dan masalah, perancangan produk, perakitan, uji coba, revisi, hingga analisis hasil. Modifikasi dilakukan pada impeller dan casing pompa serta integrasi dengan sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) yang meliputi panel surya, solar charge controller, inverter, dan baterai. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pompa hasil modifikasi mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pemompaan serta beroperasi mandiri menggunakan energi surya dengan daya keluaran inverter sebesar 336 W dan suplai energi harian panel surya sebesar 650 Wh. Dengan dua unit panel surya 100 Wp, pompa dapat beroperasi rata-rata selama 1 jam 55 menit per hari. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah konversi pompa air standar menjadi pompa sentrifugal alkon berenergi terbarukan terbukti layak digunakan, efisien, dan ramah lingkungan. Teknologi ini berpotensi mendukung kebutuhan pertanian, industri, serta masyarakat pedesaan dalam meningkatkan akses air bersih sekaligus mengurangi ketergantungan pada energi fosil.