Odontogenic space infections are common maxillofacial conditions with the potential for serious complications if not managed appropriately. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the microbiological flora associated with odontogenic space infections and analyzed their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. The results showed a predominantly polymicrobial etiology, with aerobic and anaerobic organisms commonly isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high sensitivity to amoxicillin–clavulanate and clindamycin, with increasing resistance to penicillin and macrolides. Thus, data shows the importance of microbiological culture and sensitivity testing to guide effective and rational antibiotic therapy.
Background:Maxillofacial trauma involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) may lead to long-term functional complications affecting mandibular movement, mastication, speech, and overall quality of life. Condylar fractures and associated TMJ injuries are commonly associated with pain, restricted mouth opening, malocclusion, and joint dysfunction. Aim:To evaluate the long-term functional outcomes of the temporomandibular joint following maxillofacial trauma and to assess associated clinical complications affecting TMJ function. Materials and Methods:The present retrospective cross-sectional study included 50 patients with a previous history of maxillofacial trauma involving the TMJ region. Clinical evaluation was performed to assess mouth opening, mandibular deviation, TMJ pain, joint sounds, malocclusion, and mandibular movements. Radiographic assessment was performed using panoramic radiographs and CT/CBCT imaging as required. Functional outcomes were correlated with trauma aetiology and treatment modality. Results:The majority of patients were in the 21–40-year age group, with male predominance. Road traffic accidents were identified as the most common cause of trauma. Restricted mouth opening and TMJ pain were the most frequently observed long-term complications. Joint sounds, mandibular deviation, and malocclusion were also observed in several patients. Surgically managed patients demonstrated comparatively better functional outcomes than conservatively treated cases. Conclusion:Maxillofacial trauma involving the temporomandibular joint may result in persistent long-term functional impairment despite treatment. Early diagnosis, proper treatment planning, rehabilitation, and long-term follow-up are essential for restoring optimal TMJ function and minimising post-traumatic complications. Advancement of Knowledge The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of long term temporomandibular joint dysfunction following maxillofacial trauma and highlights the importance of functional assessment during long-term follow-up. The study emphasises the association between condylar trauma and persistent complications such as restricted mouth opening, TMJ pain, and mandibular deviation. It further demonstrates that surgically managed cases show improved functional recovery compared with conservative treatment. The findings contribute to a better understanding of post-traumatic TMJ complications and support the importance of early intervention, radiographic evaluation, and rehabilitation in improving patient outcomes.
Background: Persistent multispecies biofilms are a major cause of endodontic treatment failure, necessitating more effective antimicrobial strategies. Objective: To quantitatively compare the antimicrobial efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and silver nanoparticles against multispecies endodontic biofilm. Methods: Sixty extracted single-rooted teeth were standardised, instrumented, and inoculated with a multispecies biofilm consisting of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans over 21 days. Samples were randomly allocated into four groups (n=15): saline (control), nano-hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and silver nanoparticles. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using log-transformed colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) counts. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Silver nanoparticles demonstrated the greatest reduction in microbial load (mean log reduction: 5.8), followed by chitosan (4.1) and nano-hydroxyapatite (2.9), with statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles exhibited superior antimicrobial efficacy against multispecies endodontic biofilm, highlighting their potential as an advanced irrigant in root canal disinfection.
A BSTRACT Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) involve pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint and associated muscles. Emerging evidence suggests associations with bruxism, poor sleep quality, anxiety disorders, and tension-type headache (TTH). To systematically review the associations between bruxism, sleep quality, anxiety disorders, and TTH in patients with TMD. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to May 2025. Studies included adults with TMD and reported associations with bruxism, sleep quality, anxiety, or TTH. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were narratively synthesized. Twenty-six studies were included. Bruxism prevalence ranged from 45% to 87% in TMD patients, with significant associations with myofascial pain ( P < 0.05). Poor sleep quality was reported in 40–75% of TMD patients and correlated with pain severity. Anxiety disorders were present in 30–60% of TMD patients, often exacerbating pain perception. TTH coexisted in 25–65% of TMD patients, sharing central sensitization as a mechanism. Study heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis. Bruxism, poor sleep quality, anxiety disorders, and TTH frequently coexist with TMD. Multidisciplinary assessment is crucial. Future longitudinal studies are warranted.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality, with 17.9 million deaths reported in 2019. Varied prescribing patterns of cardiovascular drugs among healthcare providers impact patient outcomes, emphasizing the need for rational drug use. Understanding these patterns is crucial for improving prescribing quality and medication safety. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur, Karnataka, spanning three months. Data from 82 cardiovascular patients were collected through consecutive sampling. The study assessed patient demographics, distribution of cardiovascular emergencies, drug prescriptions, and clinical outcomes. Prescribing indicators, including drug utilization trends, were analyzed to gauge the appropriateness of cardiovascular drug prescriptions. Results: Common cardiovascular emergencies included Myocardial Infarction (36.58%) and Unstable Angina (50%). Female patients represented a substantial portion across emergency categories (64.63%). Key drugs prescribed included Clopidogrel + Aspirin (80.49%), Aspirin (loading dose) (72%), and Atorvastatin (70%). Patient outcomes revealed high improvement rates for Myocardial Infarction (83.9%) and Unstable Angina (85%), with notable mortality. WHO prescribing indicators highlighted a 3.73 ± 1.1 average drugs per encounter, 40% generic drug prescriptions, and adherence to 75.89% of Essential Drug List recommendations. Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into cardiovascular drug prescribing patterns in a specific healthcare setting. While Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina predominate, a mortality rate underscores the complexity of cardiovascular emergency management. Gender-specific considerations and adherence to essential drugs are notable findings. Future research should target factors influencing mortality, aiming to optimize cardiovascular emergency care on a broader scale.
