Paul Verlaine University – Metz (Université Paul Verlaine - Metz, or UPV-M) was a French university, based in Metz. It merged with Nancy-I, Nancy-II, and the INPL forming the University of Lorraine. The merger process started in 2009 with the creation of a "pôles de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur" or PRES and was completed 1 January 2012..
The fracture behavior of lap-shear joints manufactured by the friction stir welding (FSW) technique is examined in this paper. Two aluminum sheets, 6 mm and 10 mm in thickness, were welded using different process parameters to form a lap-shear joint. A special tool was designed and fabricated for the stir-spot welding process. The microhardness of the joint’s surface was analyzed with regard to the evolution of different parameters: the thickness and rotating speed of the tool. Static tensile tests were performed to determine the behavior of the welded joint using the two sheets. The three-point bending (TPB) and fatigue parameters of the weld were determined to characterize the fracture behavior. The effect of different main process-controlling parameters, such as the tool probe pin rotating speed, duration of action time, and sinking/penetration depth into the lower welded sheet on the weld’s fracture behavior, has been investigated through an intensive experimental program. Optical and scanning electron microscope fractographs were obtained to examine the weld fracture modes in different situation. The results show that higher frictional heat due to a relatively higher tool probe pin rotational speed and penetration depth into the lower sheet produces improved joint static strength and toughness.
The qualification of the friction stir welding (FSW) process in aerospace requires the production of high-quality joints with a long tool lifespan. This necessitates fine-tuning process parameters such as tool geometry (shoulder and pin dimensions, threading) and feed and rotation speeds. The experimental part involves characterizing the FSW weld joint of the 2017AT451 aluminum alloy through the study of mechanical properties using two thickness specimens and different mechanical parameters varying the tool rotation speed from 950 to 1250 rpm. The results showed that the increase in tool rotation speed leads to significant growth of grains in the Heat-Affected Zone (ZAT) and enhances recrystallization of the near-zone (NZ) microstructure. The analyses and control observations performed on the obtained weld beads have enabled the correlation of joint quality with operational parameters. To achieve this, a local fabrication procedure aimed at producing defect-free joints was devised. Microstructural analysis revealed that the tool’s rotation speed influences recrystallization conditions; the higher the rotation speed, the greater the welding energy and the more pronounced the softening of the material in the heat affected zone (HAZ).
The main purpose of these reflections is to show the surprising coincidence of insights that occurs between Seneca and Freud regarding the concept of conscience and, more exactly, the question of the sense of guilt. . Indeed, both the Roman Stoic and the inventor of psychoanalysis fathomed and explored with an insuperable acuity the dynamics that animates the inner nature of man concerning the way he represents the so-called bad actions. It means that every difference between the desire to commit a bad action and the materialization of it is annulled. In other words, the intention and the act are equivalent, since the individual has already desired to execute it. According to Freud, the sense of guilt originates from the internalization of the authority or of the super-ego, which is the instance of censure or reprobation. Therefore, the individual becomes henceforward his own tribunal, his own torturer.
We consider trinomials of the form z(n) + az(m) + b, where 0 < m < n are relatively prime integers and a and b are nonzero complex numbers. Typically (but not exclusively), a will be an integer with vertical bar a vertical bar > 2, while b = +/- 1. Our main results cover the irreducibility, Mahler measure and house of such trinomials.
Introduction Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common reason for consultation at the emergency department (ED). Hypnosis could be a safe and effective alternative therapy for pain relief during shoulder dislocation reduction but nowadays, evidence is not sufficient. The main objective of this study is to show that reduction under hypnosis is associated with a decrease in the use of analgesic compared with usual care.Methods and analysis We will conduct an interventional, controlled, multicentre, randomised study. A total of 44 patients with shoulder dislocation will be randomised in two groups: the hypnosis group (N=22) and the usual care group (N=22). The primary endpoint will be the comparison of morphine equivalent analgesic consumption during a shoulder dislocation reduction manoeuvre. Secondary endpoints will include haemodynamic parameters monitoring, patient and practitioner satisfaction using a Likert scale, use of coanalgesic or sedative drugs, number of reduction attempts and time spent at ED. Adverse events will be recorded. Statistical analysis will include parametric tests, multivariate linear regression and descriptive statistics.Ethics and dissemination This study has received ethics approval from the Comité de Protection des Personnes of Sud-Est IV on 03/11/2021 (ANSM informed on 19 November 2021). The results will be published in scientific articles and communicated in national and international conferences.Trial registration number ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04992598; National Clinical trial no ID RCB : 2021-A01382-39
