This article describes the distribution of the main representatives of the natural origin of the willow genus in the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan. Studying the distribution of willow has practical significance for forestry, nature conservation, and landscape design. Willows are widely used in landscaping city parks, restoring river banks and protected areas. In addition, willows are valuable tree and shrubbery species used in forestry and agriculture. The purpose of the study is to identify the species composition of common representatives of the genus Salix L. of the Salicaceae Mirb family on the territory of the southern region of Kyrgyzstan. The distribution of tree and shrubbery species of the willow genus is a complex and multifaceted topic that requires further research. Willows are important components of biodiversity and ecosystems, and studying their distribution helps to understand the processes of formation and preservation of the living nature. The article is based on the results of field research conducted in various locations in southern Kyrgyzstan. The distribution of willow has a significant impact on nature, since these plants are able to adapt to different climatic and soil conditions. The results of the study showed that 20 species of the willow genus grow in the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan, and we emphasize their importance for biological diversity and ecosystem processes. The research findings can be useful for scientists, conservationists, and professionals in the field of forestry and horticulture.
This article presents the morphological structure, classification of biologically active substances, and chemical composition of plants of the genus Ferula, growing in Kyrgyzstan. Plants of the genus Ferula have long been used in folk medicine, as they contain biologically active compounds. The variety of biological properties of substances found in different types of ferula has prompted researchers to more carefully study their chemical composition. To date, chemotaxonomic summaries have been compiled for all major families of higher plants, but insufficient knowledge of the chemical composition of plants in Kyrgyzstan has led to the fact that many plants growing in Kyrgyzstan are not included in world reports. Research into the dynamics of the accumulation of biologically active substances to determine the optimal timing of raw material procurement, when certain useful substances accumulate in them in maximum quantities, is also relevant. Systematic studies in recent years have shown that the healing properties of medicinal plants are determined, first of all, by the harmonious combination of the biologically active substances of various classes of natural compounds they contain. This article also provides the macro- and microelement composition of the three types of roots of plants of the genus Ferula of the Apiaceae family. The accumulation of macro- and microelements in plants depends on the type of soil, its physical properties and chemical state, the geographical location of the area, climatic conditions and the stage of plant vegetation.
BACKGROUND: There are red blood cells (RBCs) of different ages in the circulating blood. At the same time, old cells have reduced deformability and increased RBC aggregability. With an increase in the number of old RBCs, especially in pathology, this can significantly affect tissue oxygenation. It is known that the gaseous mediators: nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have a positive effect on the RBC microrheology and quite possibly differently on old and young red blood cells. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research work was to study the capabilities of the H2S donor and substrate of its endogenous production, L-cysteine to change positively the microrheological characteristics of RBCs of different ages to varying degrees. METHODS: Whole blood samples (9 mL) from healthy donors ( n = 24) were drawn vacuum tubes. RBCs were separated from plasma by centrifugation and washed three times. Red blood cells were density fractionated, according to the method described by Murphy and were separated into three main age subpopulations by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. RBCs of all three age fractions were incubated for 30 min. at 37°C with: NaHS (100 μM), L-cysteine (500 μM), clotrimazole as Gardos channel blocker (50 μM). After RBC incubation, their deformability (RBCD) and aggregation (RBCA) were recorded and compared with the corresponding cell suspension to which the drug was not added. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that both compounds NaHS and L-cysteine moderately and significantly increased RBCD in all age subpopulations of RBCs and significantly reduced aggregation. It was found that the magnitudes of these microrheological responses were significantly greater in old RBCs. Analysis of the results showed that Gardos channels may be one of the molecular targets for the action of H2S on red blood cells. CONCLUSION: Old RBCs significantly increased deformability and decreased aggregation than mature and young cells in response to exposure to NaHS or L-cysteine. In general, we can conclude that a donor of hydrogen sulfide and a substrate for its synthesis, L-cysteine can be considered as a promising drug for restoring impaired RBC microrheological characteristics and contribute to the preservation of the function of old RBCs.
The article analyses the state of the higher professional education system in the Kyrgyz Republic. The following problems of the higher professional education system are considered: 1) unsatisfactory financing of vocational education due to socio-economic instability and acute budget deficit; 2) deterioration of the material and technical base of professional educational institutions in advanced and knowledge-intensive sectors; 3) physical deterioration of buildings and structures of the country’s state professional educational institutions; 4) migration of leading scientists and experienced teachers abroad; 5) decrease in the education level of graduates of higher educational institutions; 6) imperfection of the regulatory framework; 7) increase in the technological gap with the economically developed countries and decrease in competitiveness of domestic higher professional education; 8) decrease in a scientist-teacher’s public status; 9) significant differentiation in the education level and quality in metropolitan and peripheral universities, higher schools in the advanced and depressed regions. Brief information about the country’s sources of financing state higher educational institutions is presented. The financial condition (stability) of the country’s universities is characterised. Forecasting forms are considered using extrapolation methods: moving average, exponential smoothing and least squares. The calculation is made using the extrapolation method based on the level of financing for the activities of state higher education institutions in Kyrgyzstan for the medium term. Indicative indicators for types of moving average, exponential smoothing and least squares methods are indicated. The conclusion is drawn about the possibilities of improving the state of funding.
