Pertamina

This study aims to analyze the legal status, selection mechanism, and legal protection of employees of the Nutrition Fulfilment Service Unit (Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi/SPPG) who are appointed as Government Employees with Work Agreements (Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja/PPPK) within the Indonesian civil service system. This study used a normative legal research method, drawing on statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. This study examines relevant regulations governing the Free Nutritious Meals Program and the State Civil Apparatus system. The results show that, formally, SPPG employees appointed as PPPK have a legitimate legal basis under the prevailing laws and regulations. However, there are normative ambiguities regarding the criteria for eligible employees, the classification of positions within the civil service structure, and the absence of clear, standardized selection mechanisms based on the merit system. Furthermore, several issues related to legal certainty persist, including unclear parameters for contract renewal, potential discretion in performance evaluation, legal risks arising from operational activities, and the lack of comprehensive administrative and judicial remedies in employment disputes. These conditions indicate that although the policy is legally recognized, its implementation has not fully reflected the principles of meritocracy, legal certainty, and integrated civil service management. Therefore, more detailed implementing regulations are required to ensure transparent recruitment, objective evaluation, and adequate legal protection for SPPG employees as PPPK.

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) following normal childbirth is a rare condition with a high mortality rate. The symptoms are varied and nonspecific, including abdominal pain, abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting, which means SBO has many differential diagnoses . Postoperative adhesions are the most common risk factor for SB. We present a case of SBO following normal vaginal delivery caused by an adhesion band leading to entrapment and volvulus of the ileum in a patient with a history of appendectomy and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen was instrumental in establishing the etiology and diagnosis of SBO. Surgical intervention was performed as the treatment. A 27-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 0, at 39 weeks of gestation, was referred by her obstetrician to the surgery department with complaints of vomiting since the onset of normal vaginal delivery. One day postpartum, her vomiting persisted. Her abdomen became distended and painful, and she was unable to pass gas. On physical examination, the patient appeared severely ill. She was hypotensive (BP: 94/62 mmHg), tachycardic (110 beats/min), tachypneic (26 breaths/min), and had an axillary temperature of 37.8°C. The patient had a history of an appendectomy 15 years ago, vaginal discharge, irregular menstruation several months before pregnancy, painful periods, and nonspecific intermittent abdominal pain that became more frequent in the third trimester of pregnancy, intensifying as labor approached. A complete blood count showed leukocytosis (11.33 x 109/L) and hyponatremia (129.9 mmol/L).

The presence of water during downstream oil and gas production can cause corrosion and blockages through reactions with CO2 and H2S. Zeolites are effective desiccants for moisture adsorption due to their microporous aluminosilicate framework. In this study, zeolite A was synthesized hydrothermally by varying the Si/Al molar ratio (0.80, 1.14, 1.80) and temperature (70, 100, 130 °C) to identify the optimal conditions for moisture adsorption. XRD analysis revealed that the zeolite synthesized at a Si/Al ratio of 1.14 and 130 °C achieved the highest crystallinity (97%), comparable to commercial molecular sieve A. Surface area analysis (BET) showed that this synthesized zeolite exhibited a surface area of 127.48 m2/g and a pore diameter of 53 Å. The adsorption capacity test in a humidity chamber demonstrated a value of 0.188 ppmv for the synthesized zeolite, compared to 1.101 ppmv for the commercial molecular sieve. The lower adsorption efficiency was attributed to reduced surface area, incomplete crystallinity, and diffusion limitations. Nevertheless, the optimized synthesis route produced zeolite A with desirable structural and textural properties, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative desiccant for gas dehydration applications in the oil and gas industry.

Estimating prey species densities is critical for implementing effective tiger Panthera tigris recovery strategies. Several statistical models exist for density estimation of unmarked species from camera trap data, all of which rely on the random placement of cameras. This has limited the use of such models, as random camera trap placement is often viewed by field conservationists as impractical and inefficient, particularly in landscapes where ungulates are rare. We used camera trap distance sampling (CTDS) to estimate the density of prey species from randomly placed cameras within an ecosystem restoration concession in central Sumatra. We estimated densities of two species: southern red muntjac Muntiacus muntjak (2.14 +/- SE 0.8 individuals per-km2) and southern pig-tailed macaque Macaca nemestrina (6.43 +/- SE 1.2 individuals per-km2). These represent the first quantitative density estimates for these species from tiger landscapes within the Sundaic forests of South-east Asia. Uncertainty around the density estimates was likely due to the low sample size of camera trap locations, which led to high variability in the number of encounters between camera traps. Whilst detections of other tiger prey species (i.e. sambar Rusa unicolor, wild pig Sus scrofa, bearded pig S. barbatus) were insufficient to estimate density, trap success rates of these species were higher than camera traps set in a conventional tiger-focused grid. Complementary camera trap survey designs that implement both targeted and randomized placement designs are likely to provide a better picture of carnivore populations and critical resources, whilst minimizing bias, in Asian tropical forests. Tiger prey density within the site is low, presumably due to a combination of gun-hunting of ungulates by local communities, and disease, particularly African swine fever affecting pig species. Recovering tigers across the extensive rainforests of Sumatra will require targeted ungulate hunting reduction and active prey recovery, particularly focusing on sambar and wild pigs.

This study aims to analyze the legal status, selection mechanism, and legal protection of employees of the Nutrition Fulfilment Service Unit (Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi/SPPG) who are appointed as Government Employees with Work Agreements (Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja/PPPK) within the Indonesian civil service system. This study used a normative legal research method, drawing on statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. This study examines relevant regulations governing the Free Nutritious Meals Program and the State Civil Apparatus system. The results show that, formally, SPPG employees appointed as PPPK have a legitimate legal basis under the prevailing laws and regulations. However, there are normative ambiguities regarding the criteria for eligible employees, the classification of positions within the civil service structure, and the absence of clear, standardized selection mechanisms based on the merit system. Furthermore, several issues related to legal certainty persist, including unclear parameters for contract renewal, potential discretion in performance evaluation, legal risks arising from operational activities, and the lack of comprehensive administrative and judicial remedies in employment disputes. These conditions indicate that although the policy is legally recognized, its implementation has not fully reflected the principles of meritocracy, legal certainty, and integrated civil service management. Therefore, more detailed implementing regulations are required to ensure transparent recruitment, objective evaluation, and adequate legal protection for SPPG employees as PPPK.