Abstract Background Indonesia, as an upper-middle-income country, is undergoing a nutrition transition. The persistent problem of undernutrition is now accompanied by rising overnutrition, creating a double burden of malnutrition. The Human Development Index (HDI) that measures socio-economic development, has shown steady improvements in Indonesia, yet nutritional disparities remain across provinces with varying HDI levels. Objective/Purpose This study aims to map the relationship between HDI and nutritional status by analyzing the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight across different HDI categories and provinces in Indonesia. Additionally, this study explores the determinants of malnutrition to provide a deeper understanding of the factors influencing child nutrition status. Methods This ecological study used 2023 provincial-level data from the Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) and the Human Development Index (HDI) published by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Nutritional indicators (stunting, underweight, wasting, and overweight) were analyzed in relation to HDI and other determinants. Spearman’s correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Spatial patterns were visualized through GIS mapping to explore geographic relationships between HDI levels and nutritional status. Results Correlational analysis showed that Medium HDI provinces had significantly higher rates of undernutrition than High-Very High HDI provinces and were significantly correlated with low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, proper IYCF, adequate micronutrient consumption, proper handwashing, proper sanitation, complete basic immunization, complete compulsory education, and HDI. Conclusion This study highlights the complex relationship between HDI and nutritional status, emphasizing the need for region-specific interventions. While improving HDI can help to reduce undernutrition, rising overweight prevalence requires targeted public health strategies. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers to design holistic, multi-dimensional approaches to combat malnutrition in Indonesia.
Clinical Pathology Laboratories require equipment for incubating samples and chemical reagents at temperatures between 25°C and 45°C. Commonly used waterbaths have limitations including contamination risk, temperature inaccuracy, and lack of incubation time display. Additionally, non-standard incubation practices such as holding test tubes in hands are often performed, reducing test result precision. This study aimed to design and build a drybath incubator for chemical test tubes with a fuzzy logic-based temperature control system and integrated timer. The system employs a hollow aluminum block, cartridge heater, waterproof DS18B20 temperature sensor, Arduino Mega microcontroller, and a 3.5-inch TFT LCD touchscreen. The fuzzy logic controller regulates temperature from 25°C to 45°C. Testing included accuracy, stability, temperature distribution uniformity, and timer precision tests across 25 holes (20 holes Ø 1.25 cm and 5 holes Ø 1.5 cm). Results showed temperature accuracy of 99.99%–100.00%, temperature stability with fluctuations below ±0.4°C, uniform temperature distribution with 99.98%–100.00% accuracy, and timer accuracy of 99.994%. The system proved capable of replacing waterbaths as incubators for chemical reactions in clinical pathology laboratories.
Background: Eid al-Fitr is a significant religious celebration among Muslims worldwide, including the Tolaki ethnic group in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The use of the Tolaki language during this festivity reflects cultural identity and local linguistic preservation.Objectives: This study aims to document and analyze the structure, meaning, and cultural significance of Eid al-Fitr greetings in the Tolaki language during the 1446 H/2025 AD celebration.Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, involving ethnolinguistic observation, interviews with native speakers, and textual analysis of greeting expressions used during Eid. Participants were selected through purposive sampling from communities in Konawe and Kendari.Results: The findings revealed various forms of Eid greetings in Tolaki, often combining Islamic religious values with local expressions of respect, kinship, and social harmony. The greetings typically begin with religious phrases followed by culturally embedded terms denoting apology, blessings, and communal ties.Conclusion: Eid greetings in the Tolaki language serve as a medium for both religious observance and cultural expression, highlighting the role of language in sustaining local identity during global religious events Keywords: Tolaki language, Eid al-Fitr, greetings, cultural identity, Southeast Sulawesi, ethnolinguistics
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, including Samarinda, where transmission often occurs within families due to close contact with patients. Family-based interventions are essential to strengthen preventive behaviors and reduce transmission risk; however, limited family participation continues to hinder their effectiveness. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family roles and pulmonary TB prevention behavior in the working areas of Karang Asam, Wonorejo, and Loa Bakung Health Centers, Samarinda. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed involving 80 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data on family participation in TB prevention were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: A significant relationship was found between family roles and TB prevention behavior (p = 0.001 < 0.05). Families actively involved in prevention demonstrated better practices, including consistent mask use, maintaining ventilation, and treatment adherence. Conclusion: Family-based interventions play a vital role in TB prevention. Strengthening family education, counseling, and empowerment—alongside collaboration among health workers, community cadres, and policymakers—is crucial. Implementing structured psychoeducation and community engagement strategies can effectively reduce stigma, improve adherence, and enhance TB prevention efforts.
