This paper reviews emerging dielectric fluids for power transformers, including natural and synthetic esters, silicone oils, gas-to-liquid oils, and nanofluids, driven by environmental regulations, fire safety concerns, and the need for extended asset life. The review synthesizes technical data from standards and field experience, including a case study of an Eskom transformer energized in 2016 with natural ester fluid. Analysis confirms these fluids offer significant benefits in fire safety, biodegradability, and dielectric performance, with the case study demonstrating natural esters’ effectiveness in preserving solid insulation. However, trade-offs involving cost, material compatibility, and operational protocols require careful management.
Digital thermometers are measuring instruments needed to perform temperature measurement actions and must be calibrated periodically according to standard measurement methods. The purpose of developing this tool is to add PID control to the calibration media where PID control aims to regulate the stability of the temperature setting to be achieved. This is achieved by studying and evaluating the effect of temperature stability on the heater and LM35DZ temperature sensor. This research method uses the Arduino Nanosystem for data processing and PID system control. The LM35DZ temperature sensor on the heater is regulated by a 2 Channel SSR module using a PID system then the temperature generated by the heater will be read by the LM35DZ and displayed on the LCD. The results of this study, digital thermometer calibrator measurements have been successfully carried out by comparing 3 digital thermometers with different brands, namely Omron 343F, Omron 245, and ThermoOne. The difference in error values in oil media is 3-4% and in water media 2-4% with the value of time stability in water media for 3-3.3 minutes and in oil media for 1-2 hours. With this comparison of calibration media, it is hoped that it can help in measuring temperature with better and more effective results. find methods, results, conclusions.
The Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) parameter is a parameter that must be considered in the process of determining the patient's condition, a safe threshold, and must be in accordance with the settings. However, often the PEEP value on the ventilator does not match the settings so that the measuring instrument capable of detecting PEEP on the ventilator is the Flow Analyzer. The purpose of this study was to design a Flow Analyzer using the MPX2010 sensor to analyze the stability of the PEEP parameters on the ventilator. This study used PEEP settings of 0, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, and 29 cmH2O. Data were collected using a ventilator with VCV (Volume Control Ventilation) and PCV (Pressure Control Ventilation) modes. The tool used for reference from standard measurements uses the Standard Flow Analyzer tool. The results of this study indicate that the measurement accuracy of PEEP parameters with the Flow Analyzer module at each PEEP setting has the smallest error of ±0% at 0 cmH2O setting so that it also has the smallest value of 0 by standard. deviation and uncertainty (UA) value 0 at each setting. The Flow Analyzer measurement module has the largest error in the 5 cmH2O setting, which is ±13.2% with the largest correction value of 0.77. From the data obtained, it can be said that the monitoring of the PEEP parameter is quite stable even though the value is still out of tolerance. Monitoring of PEEP stability parameters can be implemented during the ventilator calibration process which needs to be carried out to analyze damage and reduce the time of damage to the ventilator.
Disturbed intake factors, hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism in critical patients cause increased energy needs. Critical patients are very susceptible to nutritional deficiencies resulting in decreased immune systems, poor wound healing, and organ failure that prolongs hospitalization and increases mortality. In these circumstances, nutrition becomes an important part of clinical medical therapy. This study was conducted to implement nutritional services and standardized nutritional care processes in patients with a medical diagnosis of Decreased Consciousness e.c. Severe Head Injury e.c. Traumatic Intracerebral Haemorrhage (TICH), Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (TSAH), Intraventricular Haemorrhage (IVH), Pulmonary Contusion, Right Antebrachial Trauma, Close Fracture Ulna 1/3 Distal Right, Alcohol Intoxication, Brainstem Contusion in the Gatotkaca Ward 4 MICU Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research design with a case study design. This study used primary and secondary data with data presentation in narrative, tabular, and graphical form. Based on NRS 2002 screening, the patient was at risk of malnutrition. The food intake graph for six days with a high energy and protein diet in the form of enteral per NGT or parenteral diet showed fluctuations in intake from 8.30% on the first day to 33.78% on the sixth day. Acceptance of the NGT diet decreased since the third day as indicated by low absorption and gastric residue. The results of the blood gas analysis showed that the patient had respiratory acidosis. It can be concluded that the standardized nutritional care process and collaboration between health professionals that are carried out optimally and intensively cannot always provide a good prognosis in cases of severe head injury with various complications such as alcohol intoxication, pulmonary contusion, and brainstem contusion.
Desa Rejomulyo, yang terletak di lereng Gunung Lawu, menghadapi masalah dalam pengelolaan sampah setelah penutupan beberapa Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah (TPS). Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan timbulan sampah rumah tangga sehingga warga yang kurang pengetahuan manajemen pengelolaan smapah, membuang sampah di kebun atau membakarnya dan menciptakan masalah lingkungan berupa pencemaran udara dan tanah. Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PKM) oleh Prodi Sanitasi Diploma III Kampus Magetan bertujuan mendukung pengelolaan sampah melalui Bank Sampah Mandiri, untuk meningkatkan keterampilan warga dalam memanfaatkan sampah anorganik. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pendampingan, pendidikan, pelatihan, dan praktek lapangan dengan mitra Karang Taruna Tunas Remaja. Hasilnya, warga menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dari 60% menjadi 90% dalam pemilahan dan pengelolaan sampah, yang berpotensi menjadi sumber pendapatan baru. Program ini juga memberi peluang bagi dosen dan mahasiswa untuk mengaplikasikan pengetahuan mereka.
