Sahyadri Science College is a government institute located in the Shivamogga district of Karnataka. The college is a constituent body of the Kuvempu University, Shivamogga.
The growing demand for efficient thermal management in compact systems necessitates fin designs that can endure high heat fluxes while operating under multi-mode heat transfer environments. In this context, the present study examines the thermal behaviour of porous annular fins with triangular and rectangular variable-thickness profiles operating in a trihybrid nanofluid. The working fluid comprises Aluminium Oxide, Molybdenum Disulfide and Graphene Oxide dispersed in a 50:50 Water-Ethylene glycol base. The main objective is to analyse fin geometry, natural convection, thermal radiation, wet porous conditions and internal heat generation which governs the temperature profile within such fins. The resulting nonlinear governing equation is nondimensionalised and solved using the novel Hosoya Polynomial Collocation Method (HPCM). The effective thermophysical properties of the trihybrid nanofluid are determined using the Xue model to ensure realistic physical representation. Validation against the exact analytical solution confirms the high accuracy, numerical stability and reliability of the proposed computational scheme. The results indicate that higher generation number and internal heat generation markedly raise the fin temperature due to intensified internal heating. The study demonstrates the strong thermal enhancement potential of trihybrid nanofluids in porous fin systems, highlighting their applicability in advanced thermal management technologies.
To examine the photophysical properties of coordination compounds with strong white fluorescence, a Schiff base zinc complex was synthesized and characterised using a range of techniques (elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, and IR-mass spectroscopy). Powder XRD analysis was used to determine the crystal structure. This compound was shown to have strong thermal stability using thermal characterization. In both solution and the solid state, photoluminescence spectra were obtained, and the complexes displayed notable photoluminescence with a white and green area. The luminescence for the title complex is caused by a combination of monomer and excimer emissions, according to time-dependent density functional theory simulations. The findings of an investigation of the zinc complex's light emission performance in OLED showed that it had exceptional electroluminescence qualities as a white fluorescent light source (maximum Luminance = 640 cd/m2 and turn on voltage of 6.8 V).
Freshwater macroalgae, particularly Nitella flexilis, represent a promising yet underexplored source of antimicrobial metabolites. The present study evaluated the antibacterial activity of hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of Nitella flexilis against six clinically important bacterial pathogens. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed at four extract concentrations, with tetracycline serving as the positive control and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the negative control. All solvent extracts showed concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, with methanol showing the highest inhibitory potential, followed by acetone and hexane extracts. Escherichia coli was the most susceptible, with inhibition zones reaching 30 ± 0.45 mm for the methanol extract, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was less sensitive. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among extract concentrations for all tested bacterial species. The enhanced activity of the methanolic extract is attributed to its superior ability to extract polar phytochemicals, including phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and glycosides, which collectively disrupt multiple bacterial targets. Although tetracycline showed greater antibacterial activity overall, the methanolic extract of Nitella flexilis approached comparable efficacy against selected pathogens. These findings highlight Nitella flexilis as a valuable renewable source of broad-spectrum antibacterial compounds with considerable potential for future pharmaceutical applications. Further characterisation, toxicity evaluation, and in vivo validation of phytochemicals are recommended to facilitate the development of algae-derived antimicrobial therapeutics.
In this study, 4-chloro-2-[[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl]-1,3-benzoxazole 5(a–f) were synthesized and their spectral data proved to be helpful in characterizing their target moieties. The newly synthesized compounds were assessed by invitro cytotoxic activity by colorimetric MTT assay against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line at varied concentrations. Invitro antibacterial and antifungal investigation of multiple bacterial and fungal strains found significant MIC values ascribed to target compounds with increased antimicrobial potency. When evaluated against DPPH radicals, the synthesized compounds displayed antioxidant efficacy equivalent to that of ascorbic acid. Compounds identical to the standard demonstrated satisfactory invitro antiheamolytic activity. In conjunction with the invitro cytotoxicity, molecular docking simulations were carried out on PDB: 2A91, a protein receptor. Also, results of docking protocols corroborated the results of invitro studies, confirming their potency. Both 5e and 5f shows high MIC values (14 ± 1.63 and 14 ± 0.81). In spite of this, we detailed the computational analyses of the relevant compounds to emphasise electronic effects, such as HOMO, LUMO, and molecule electrostatic potential (MEP) Among all the synthesized derivatives, 5f shows height toxic effect.
A new synthesis of 2,5-di(het)aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles via the iodine-mediated reaction between easily available benzothiohydrazides and aldehydes has been accomplished. All the final products were characterized IR, NMR, and HRMS. A mechanism of the reaction has been proposed. Short reaction time, good to high product yields, and the use of easily available, inexpensive starting materials are the key features of this protocol.
