The Museum of Us (formerly known as the San Diego Museum of Man) is a museum of anthropology located in Balboa Park, San Diego, California and housed in the historic landmark buildings of the California Quadrangle.
OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to document discrete bone landmarks in the lateral epicondyle of the humerus that represent the "footprints" of those tendons and ligaments that attach to it using MRI-anatomic correlation in cadavers.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-three dried humeral specimens were inspected to document bone landmarks in the lateral epicondyle. MRI with anatomic correlation was performed in 10 additional cadaveric elbows. The locations of the tendinous and ligamentous attachments to the lateral epicondyle were determined with respect to the same osseous landmarks.RESULTS. The surface of the lateral epicondyle ranged from a flat surface to a surface with up to six discrete landmarks: superior tubercle, anterior tubercle, posterior tubercle, intertubercular sulcus, rough area surrounding the tubercles, and epicondylar ridge. The radial collateral ligament attached to the superior aspect of the intertubercular sulcus and inferior aspect of the superior tubercle and was indistinguishable from the attachment of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. The extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum communis, and extensor digiti minimi had a common origin in the superior aspect of the lateral epicondyle. The extensor carpi ulnaris tendon arose from the posteroinferior aspect of the lateral epicondyle.CONCLUSION. Our investigation documents osseous landmarks that are useful in the identification of the footprints of the tendons and ligaments that attach to the lateral epicondyle. Knowledge of these structures contributes to correct interpretation of MR images in persons with tendinous and ligamentous abnormalities in this region.
Five hundred years ago, Spanish cleric Diego de Landa recorded that his Maya informants enjoyed foamy beverages of cacao and maize for major celebrations. Landa (1941[1566]:90) remarked on the high value the Maya placed on the buttery foam crowning these beverages. His words elicit two questions that will be considered in this analysis: How could stable foam be created on a beverage of maize gruel (atole) and chocolate, and why was the foam so highly valued? My fieldwork in the Yucatán, Tabasco, and Oaxaca provided some answers, as did replication experiments in my California kitchen using ingredients gathered while in the field. The work of previous investigators was also invaluable. But local people like Don Isaac Vásquez and his family in Oaxaca expressed a strong interest in preserving significant indigenous customs in danger of disappearance and these ethnographic sources were most important. The Canul family in Xocen, Yucatan, was equally committed to providing insight, especially Fátimo Canul Noh and his mother, Doña Jacinta Noh Pech. Not to be underestimated were the personal culinary demonstrations and help given to me by women and men whose names appear in the acknowledgments.
Medicinal plant use in Peru can be tracked back for millennia, and although westernized medicine has become an important factor in the treatment of illnesses, many patients still frequent herbalist shops and retain some herbal knowledge of their own. The present study, undertaken at "Laboratorios Beal," a herbalist practice in Trujillo, Peru, was conducted as a comparison to previous research at Clinica Anticona, a Western style clinic in the same city, to evaluate if patients at a herbal clinic were more likely to use plants for treatment rather than pharmaceuticals, and if their own plant knowledge was more extensive than the knowledge of the patients interviewed at a Western clinic. The results demonstrate that, amongst the patients of the herbal clinic, plants do played only a slightly larger role when compared to the use of pharmaceuticals, indicating that patients at the herbal clinic were as likely to use Western pharmaceuticals as patients at a Western clinic were using herbs, and vise versa. Even at a herbalist shop many patients thought that pharmaceutical medicine to be faster and more effective than herbs, while plants were regarded as safer and free from side-effects. The plant knowledge of individual patients was comparable to the knowledge encountered at a western medicinal facility.El uso de plantas medicinales en el Perú puede ser trazado hacia milenio atrás, y aunque la medicina occidental ha llegado a ser un factor importante en el tratamiento de la enfermedad, todavía muchos pacientes visitan las tiendas de herbolarios y retienen conocimientos propios d las yerbas. El estudio presente, llevado a cabo en "Laboratorios Beal", un consultorio herboristico en Trujillo, Perú, trata de descubrir si las pacientes a tal facilidad usan de preferencia plantas medicinales sobre productos farmacéuticos, y si sus conocimientos de plantas medicinales son más extensivos que los de los clientes de una clínica occidental. Los resultados de nuestro estudio demuestran que, entre los pacientes de la tienda de yerbas, las plantas juegan un papel un poco más grande en comparación con el uso de productos farmacéuticos. Sin embargo, la diferencia es marginal y las preferencias de uso son comparables a esos de una clínica occidental. Por eso aún en la tienda de yerbas muchos pacientes piensan que la medicina farmacéutica es más rápida y efectiva mientras que se consideran a las plantas como más seguras y libre de efectos secundarios. Los conocimientos herborísticos de pacientes individuales son comparable a esos encontrados en una clínica occidental.
The present study was aimed to investigate the activity of plants traditionally used in Northern Peru against acne. Various bacteria, especially Propioniobacterium acnes have been identified as triggering this condition. The normal control of acne in western medicine often causes side effects like skin irritations. Peru has a rich variety of plants that are proven to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The study found that Canchalagua (Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze), Hercampuri (Gentianella alborosea (Gilg.) Fabris), and Corpus Way (Gentianella bicolor (Wedd.) J. Pringle) had promising antibacterial properties and efficiency against acne.
