Sevastopol National Technical University

This article addresses the problem of integrating digital technologies into domestic educational practice, specifically the preparation of science teachers for the use of distance learning technologies. The aim of the research is to develop, substantiate, and experimentally verify the effectiveness of a set of organizational and pedagogical conditions aimed at forming the professional competence of science teachers in the field of application of distance learning technologies. The scientific novelty of the work lies in revealing the essence of the professional competence of physics, chemistry, and biology teachers in the field of using distance learning technologies and determining its structural components. Based on the identified contradictions between the regulatory requirements for the digital competence of teachers and their actual training, a set of organizational and pedagogical conditions was formed, including organizational-methodological and content-technological components. As a result of the pedagogical experiment, it was established that the implementation of the developed set of organizational and pedagogical conditions contributes to the growth of the level of formation of professional competence in the field of distance learning technologies among students in the pedagogical field (mathematics and physics). A relevant direction for further research is conducting an experiment on a more representative sample for the verification and refinement of the data obtained.

Relevance. Accurate air temperature measurement is a fundamental task in vineyard microclimate monitoring, as this parameter directly affects phenological processes, pathogen development, and the formation of grape quality characteristics. Available meteorological stations possess a significant limitation — substantial systematic errors when measuring temperature under conditions of intense solar radiation. The development of methods to minimize these errors is critically important for advancing precision viticulture technologies. Methods. The study is based on theoretical analysis and experimental validation of thermophysical processes in radiation shields. A specialized measurement setup was developed with meteorological systems: a ventilated shield with photovoltaic power supply and a non-ventilated shield, equipped with wind speed and solar radiation sensors. An original physical model of heat balance was proposed, accounting for convective heat exchange, radiative effects, and geometric characteristics of protective devices. An adaptive iterative algorithm was developed for real-time temperature correction calculations on microcontroller systems with mechanisms for handling singular states and ensuring stable convergence. Results. It was experimentally confirmed that non-ventilated shields demonstrate systematic errors up to 3 °C under high solar radiation. Ventilated shields reduce maximum deviations to 1 °C but require regular maintenance. The developed mathematical correction algorithm outperforms both alternative solutions: maximum deviations do not exceed 0.6 °C, mean deviations are 0.2 °C, normalized root-mean-square error is 3.5%, and the Kling — Gupta criterion reaches 0.993. The proposed solution provides an optimal balance of accuracy, costeffectiveness, and reliability for creating affordable dense networks for vineyard microclimate monitoring.

This article is considered how in Sevastopol from 1944 to 1950 the field of construction of residential buildings developed. The authors explore the main stages of the restoration of the city after the Great Patriotic War, as well as the factors that influenced housing construction at that time. Particular attention is paid to the specifics and methods of solving housing problems in the destroyed city. The issues of financing recovery work, the use of local building materials and the creation of their own production base, the formation of the staff of workers and training of their own personnel are analyzed. The article is based on archival materials and research of historians, which allows you to get a more complete idea of the development of housing construction in the post-war Sevastopol. The results of the study can be useful for studying the history of housing construction in the USSR, as well as for understanding the features of the restoration of cities after military conflicts.

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of kelp, soy flour and linseed oil on the functional and technological (water-holding and fat-absorbing capacity) indicators of model systems of cutlet mass. The objects of the study were model systems of minced meat mass, to which kelp and non-traditional plant raw materials were added. Microbiological indicators of the developed minced meat with kelp met the requirements of regulatory documentation throughout the shelf life, which indicates the epidemiological safety of the developed product. When enriching the model food compositions with potassium iodide, iodine was preserved by 42 %, with kelp – by 61 %. A model composition of cutlet mass with kelp, soy flour and linseed oil was developed. With a decrease in the proportion of soy flour in the cutlet mass, the moisture-holding capacity increased from 47.2 to 48.8 %. At the same time, the experimental samples retained moisture at the control level (48.2 %), which is explained by the bread content and its high moisture-holding capacity. With an increase in the amount of bread in the cutlet mass, the relative moisture-holding capacity increases. The fat-absorbing capacity of model cutlets with kelp increases compared to the control: in the experiment without bread content – by 2.3 %, in the experiment with 50 % replacement of bread – by 1.6 %. According to the results of the study of the chemical composition of finished products made from model compositions with kelp, it should be noted that the protein content increased by 3.2 %, iodine – by 25.5 times, selenium – by 19.6 times, folic acid – by 5 times, vitamin E – by 50 % compared to the control.