Dr. Per-Ingvar Brånemark MD, PhD (May 3, 1929 - December 20, 2014), revolutionized modern dental implantology through his groundbreaking work on “Osseointegration”. Initially focusing on microcirculation in rabit bone, Brånemark's accidental discovery of titanium's ability to integrate with bone laid the foundation for his pioneering dental implant innovations. In 1965, he applied this concept to dental implants, offering long-term solutions for patients with tooth loss. His "ad modum" protocol introduced a two-stage procedure, later to be simplified into the Brånemark Novum protocol for same-day rehabilitation of the edentulous mandibles. Beyond dentistry, Brånemark expanded osseointegration's applications to medicine, including bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) and implant-supported maxillofacial prostheses. These innovations transformed patient care, enhancing mobility for amputees and providing aesthetic and functional solutions for facial deformities. His work on zygomatic implants addressed severe bone loss in the maxilla, further advancing implantology. Brånemark's legacy is a global impact on patient care, interdisciplinary research, and numerous honors. His discoveries continue to drive advancements in biomaterials and reconstructive techniques, underscoring his commitment to improving quality of life. From dental implants to osseointegrated prosthetics, Brånemark's vision and perseverance remain central to modern medicine and dentistry. The current year signifies the tenth anniversary of Brånemark’s demise. His memory is deeply ingrained, and he will be revered for generations. This article is being presented to commemorate his life, his scientific contributions, and the profound effects of his work on healthcare.
Cervical radiculopathy (CR) is a common neurological disorder arising from compression or irritation of cervical nerve roots. It typically presents with neck and radiating arm pain, sensory disturbances and motor deficits, and its peak incidence occurs between 40 and 50 years of age. The natural history is often self‑limiting, yet the associated pain and functional limitations prompt many patients to seek care. Conservative treatment—including physiotherapy, manual therapy, cervical traction and exercise—is the initial management approach because it aims to relieve symptoms without surgical risks. However, the evidence base for specific physiotherapy strategies remains heterogeneous and sometimes contradictory. This review synthesises current literature on physiotherapy‑based conservative management of CR, summarises outcomes of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and recent systematic reviews, and highlights research gaps. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro and Google Scholar for studies up to October 2025. Eleven studies including randomized controlled trials, observational cohorts, a case series, and one systematic review were included. Manual therapy combined with exercise consistently reduced pain and disability; mechanical traction provided no additional benefit. In acute CR, semi‑hard collars or physiotherapy led to greater reductions in arm and neck pain than a wait‑and‑see approach. Cervical vertebral mobilisation improved mechanical pain hypersensitivity and disability in chronic CR. Structured postoperative physiotherapy showed only minor benefits compared with standard postoperative care. Despite promising results, evidence quality is low to moderate, and heterogeneity among interventions limits generalisability. Future well‑designed RCTs with long‑term follow‑up are required.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols discourage drains after colorectal surgery as there are potential complications. However, sometimes, a drain is placed based on the surgeon’s decision. Our report highlights a case of carcinoma rectosigmoid; in his late sixties, he underwent palliative resection due to intestinal obstruction. We noticed faecal discharge in the drain, which gradually reduced. On per-rectal examination on day 15, we could palpate the drain. An emergency laparotomy was done, and we found that the drain had migrated through the anastomotic line and entered the lumen of the rectum. The drain was removed, and the breach in the anastomotic line was closed primarily, and a diversion ileostomy was performed. Discretion is needed before drain placement during surgery as there is a potential risk of migration of the drain through the anastomotic line. The aim of this report is to highlight this risk.
The evidence from the clinical studies on the influence of yoga and meditation on gut microbiota in humans has been summarized in this systematic review. Searches were conducted until November 2023 in four electronic databases: SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Controlled Registry of Trials (CENTRAL) to find relevant studies published in English. Studies on the influence of yoga and meditation on gut microbiome in human participants of any age or gender were included in the systematic review. The outcomes were modulations in the composition and function of gut microbiota and their metabolite levels. Due to the varied approaches used in the study designs and outcome measures of the included studies, a narrative synthesis was carried out. The database search resulted in 247 titles and abstracts, out of which four articles were included for qualitative synthesis. There was one nonrandomized controlled study and three observational studies. The studies were conducted on a healthy population ( n = 440). The participants were followers of a vegan or vegetarian diet. The control group subjects were nonmeditators, i.e., who never received any meditation training. All the reviewed studies have shown a favorable change in the composition and function of gut microbiota and their metabolites with meditation practice when compared to controls. Yoga and meditation improved the composition and function of gut microbiota. However, all the subjects were following a vegetarian/vegan diet, so the beneficial changes demonstrated in the gut microbiota may be attributed to the combined effects of meditation and a vegetarian/vegan diet.
Introduction: The kidney is one of the most common organs involved in systemic amyloidosis. Several studies have attempted scoring kidney amyloid deposits and predicting the outcome. A new scoring and grading scheme is proposed, known as renal amyloid prognostic score (RAPS), which provides a better means for scoring renal amyloidosis and predicting renal outcome. Objectives: The present study aims to estimate the clinicopathological and biochemical parameters in renal amyloidosis cases and the role of RAPS in assessing renal outcome and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included all diagnosed cases of renal amyloidosis from October 2017 to December 2021. Detailed clinical features and laboratory parameters were obtained from medical records, and all renal biopsies were studied using light microscopy (LM) and immunofluorescence. Congo red-stained sections were examined under a polarizer to look for amyloid deposits. RAPS was calculated on a scale of 0 to 31 and was graded from 0 to III. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated between RAPS and serum creatinine, as well as between RAPS and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Fourteen cases of renal amyloidosis were included, comprising seven cases of primary amyloidosis, of which six showed lambda light chain restriction. RAPS varied from 12 to 27. There was a strong correlation between RAPS and serum creatinine (r= 0.7) and a moderate negative correlation between RAPS and eGFR (r=-0.5). Conclusion: Application of RAPS and, thus, uniform reporting of renal amyloidosis helps assess the disease’s severity.
