Wetlands contribute a significant role in supporting local ecology by providing flood mitigation, maintaining the hydrological cycle, groundwater recharge, recreational value, regulating weather patterns, and promoting ecological restoration. However, rapid urbanization and climate change have led to significant degradation of these ecosystems. This study evaluates wetland management through a nature-based solutions approach, focusing specifically on phytoremediation. The review covers the fundamentals of phytoremediation—including its literature base, processes, mechanisms, the role of plants, and influencing factors—while integrating a bibliometric analysis of 702 publications. Our analysis reveals significant growth in the field, with an average annual increase of 0.89
Alkali metal Na-ion batteries (NIBs) present an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, the limited availability of high-performance anode materials continues to hinder their widespread adoption. In this study, we theoretically investigate the potential of a two-dimensional elemental monolayer of gallium, known as gallenene (Ga-100-ML), as a promising anode material for NIBs and as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The structural, dynamical, and thermal stability of Ga-100-ML is confirmed through formation and cohesive energy calculations, phonon dispersion analysis, in-plane stiffness evaluation, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Electronic structure analysis reveals its metallic nature, and adsorption studies show that up to 45 Na atoms can be stably accommodated, corresponding to a high theoretical storage capacity of 961.30 mAh/g and a low diffusion barrier of 0.36 eV. Furthermore, HER activity is significantly enhanced upon Pt decoration, achieving a minimum Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption of -0.12 eV. These results highlight Ga-100-ML as a promising candidate for dual applications in NIBs and catalyst for HER.
MXene-based supercapacitors have emerged as a transformative class of electrochemical energy storage devices due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry and high specific capacitance. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of recent advances in MXene-based electrodes, focusing on synthesis strategies, charge storage mechanisms and structural engineering approaches such as 3D architectures and hybrid composites. Unlike previous reviews, this work systematically correlates MXene physicochemical properties with electrochemical performance, highlighting key challenges including restacking effects, limited ion accessibility and scalability issues. Furthermore, emerging solutions such as surface functionalization, interlayer spacing control and composite integration are discussed in detail. The review concludes by outlining future research directions toward practical device implementation, emphasizing scalable fabrication, stability enhancement and integration into next-generation flexible and hybrid energy storage systems.
We develop a thermodynamically consistent nonperturbative framework for equilibrium criticality in QCD matter by unifying Dyson-Schwinger quark propagation, functional renormalization-group (FRG) evolution of the effective action, and Polyakov- Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) thermodynamics for the coupled chiral and deconfinement order parameters. A holographic Maxwell-Chern-Simons sector supplies the topological response, and its topological susceptibility is fed into the FRG flow of the determinantal ('t Hooft) interaction to encode the evolution of the axial anomaly across the phase diagram. At mu(B) = 0, the construction is anchored to continuum-extrapolated lattice thermodynamics and conserved-charge susceptibilities through a lattice-calibrated Polyakov sector, while exact thermodynamic identities are enforced by evaluating all derivatives at the stationary solution of the grand potential at each RG scale. Solving the coupled DSE, FRG, and holographic system yields, within this framework and at the present level of approximation, an equilibrium critical end point (CEP) at T-CEP similar or equal to 130 to 135 MeV and mu(B,CEP) similar or equal to 600 MeV together with an internally quantified sensitivity to regulator, Polyakov-sector, and holographicnormalization variations. The critical region is organized by a nonperturbative mapping to universal 3D Ising scaling variables with anomalous-dimension effects absorbed into nonuniversal metric factors, leading to equilibrium predictionsfor the hierarchy, nonmonotonicity, and sign structure of higher-order net-baryon cumulant ratios along the smooth freeze-out trajectories, as well as equilibrium softening of the speed of sound. Comparisons to RHIC beam energy scan fluctuation measurements are presented as qualitative consistency checks on correlated equilibrium trends and sign patterns, because finite size and lifetime, critical slowing down, baryon number conservation, acceptance and efficiency corrections, the net-proton to net-baryon conversion, and baryon-transport dynamics can round or reshape cumulants in the experimental system. The results, therefore, provide a unified equilibrium baseline and a set of controlled inputs for finite-size scaling and dynamical embeddings of heavy-ion data.
Discharges of untreated wastewater from textile industries are increasing day by day. Dyes are the pigments used to impart colour in the goods through various processes including dyeing, printing etc. Wastewater of textile industries may contain several types of toxicants such as organic pollutants, micronutrients, heavy metals, surfactants, and pathogenic microbes etc. Discharge of untreated textile wastewater in the environment (especially in water and soil) can cause major problems to the biodiversity (including human beings). Adsorption is observed as an effective practice to eliminate dyes from wastewater. However, adsorbents used should be less costly and easy to develop/procure. If local raw materials can be used to develop adsorbents that will be an extra advantage. In the context of these parameters, biochar adsorbents are among the best choice of the researchers throughout the world. Biochar adsorbents can be developed by using the processes like pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal. However, rapid pyrolysis ( 12
