Abstract The engagement of ionic liquids (ILs) with amino acids (AAs) or peptides establishes a substantial new paradigm for comprehending biomolecular interactions, which is undoubtedly advantageous for the pharmaceutical sector. The comprehension of thermophysical and thermodynamic properties is imperative for elucidating the bimolecular interactions between ILs and AAs. Nevertheless, to this point, no dependable review has been produced to understand the nature of interactions between ILs and AAs. Consequently, this review integrates the results obtained from the analyses regarding the solubility of AAs in ILs and the transfer free energy (ΔG′tr) of AAs from water to aqueous ILs. Furthermore, partial molar volume transfer (ΔtrVΦ0), apparent molar isentropic compressibility transfer (ΔtrKϕ,Sο), and related properties of AAs in ILs have been summarized to understand the biomolecular interactions between solute–solute, solute–solvent, and the alterations in the solute structures within the solution, which are essential for both chemical industries and an academic point of view.
This paper presents a numerical scheme for solving coupled systems of Emden-Fowler equations based on the Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM). This method converts the system of singular differential equations into a set of algebraic equations by approximating the higher-order derivatives using wavelet techniques. Newton's method is used to solve the resulting nonlinear system and obtain the Haar coefficients. Numerical experiments on several benchmark problems demonstrate the precision and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show excellent agreement with exact solutions and compare favorably with existing methods, including artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. The method is extended to coupled systems for the first time, achieving errors of order \(10^{-3}\) to \(10^{-6}\) with a theoretical convergence rate of \(O(2^{-3L/2})\). The method is implemented in Mathematica, and comprehensive error tables and graphical comparisons are provided. HWCM is shown to be a robust, deterministic alternative to data-driven methods for solving coupled singular differential systems in astrophysics and related fields. MSC: Primary 34A34, 34K37, 34K28, 65L60, 65T60.
Oecophylla smaragdina (red weaver ant) is traditionally consumed across various regions including Mexico and Africa as a protein and nutrient-rich food source, as well as for its medicinal properties as recognized by indigenous healers. Like other animals, ants engage in mutualistic associations with microbial symbionts residing within their bodies. These endosymbionts play critical roles in host biology, including nutritional supplementation, digestion, nitrogen recycling, and pathogen defense. Despite their importance, the gut-specific bacterial communities of ants and their functional contributions particularly in the context of bioactive compound production remain underexplored. In this study, the gut microbiota of O. smaragdina colonies collected from India was investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical characterization of culturable isolates. Several bacterial genera were identified for the first time in this species, with members of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae emerging as the most dominant. Notably, the gut bacterial profile observed in this study diverges from those reported in previous investigations, suggesting unique microbial diversity within O. smaragdina collected from India. Interestingly, some endosymbionts exhibited similarities to human gut microbiota, highlighting the potential complexity and diversity of the ant gut ecosystem. The identification of diverse and unique gut-associated bacterial taxa in O. smaragdina highlights their potential as promising candidates for future bioprospecting and exploration of microbial metabolites with prospective health benefits.
PURPOSE:This study develops and validates a multidimensional scale of post-merger identification (PMI) through an integrative research model suited for the hospital industry. The model also examines the influence of this scale on key employee outcomes, including readiness to change, employee knowledge-sharing behavior and intention to stay in the post-merger context. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH:A quantitative research approach, grounded in a postpositivist paradigm, was employed to test the model on a sample of 398 employees from Indian private hospitals who had experienced Merger and Acquisition (M&A) in the last five years. FINDINGS:The findings elicit that seven reflective lower-order dimensions, namely (1) transformational leadership, (2) pre-merger identification, (3) sense of continuity, (4) organizational justice, (5) perceived organizational support, (6) satisfaction with HR support and (7) M&A potential, form a formative higher-order construct of PMI. Among these dimensions, Organizational Justice and M&A potential emerged as the strongest contributors to PMI and played a dominant role in linking other dimensions to PMI. Furthermore, the developed scale of PMI was found to influence significant employee outcome variables, including readiness to change, employee knowledge-sharing behavior and intention to stay. ORIGINALITY/VALUE:Strengthening PMI is particularly important in hospital M&As, where unified post-merger identity supports effective collaboration, continuity of patient care and overall M&A outcomes. This study is among the first to explain PMI in hospital settings through the lenses of identity, relationships, leadership and justice. It offers novel insights into how organizational justice and M&A potential can shape identification in post-merger hospitals.
Algae, particularly microalgae, are recognised for their pharmacological potential due to their bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These compounds include polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, carotenoids, and bioactives like eicosapentaenoic acid, which are beneficial for human health. Microalgae are easy to culture and maintain, offering a sustainable source of novel drugs. They are prevalent as health supplements and are used in manufacturing capsules, vitamins, antibiotics, and other products. The increasing antimicrobial resistance and intolerance to existing medications have renewed interest in algae for breakthroughs, particularly in treating neurodegenerative diseases. The market for microalgae is projected to grow significantly, driven by the health sector, including dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Despite their benefits, challenges in working with natural compounds and the dependency on natural algal sources pose significant hurdles. Bioactive compounds from microalgae have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective, and chemopreventive activities, making them promising for managing various diseases. Microalgae are also harnessed in the pharmaceutical industries to produce recombinant proteins and peptides, and they are used as drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. However, optimising the production chain and competing with established platforms remain challenging. The future of algae-based pharmaceuticals is promising, with potential applications in drug delivery systems, recombinant protein production, and bioactive compound exploration. Despite limitations, sustained efforts and cooperation from stakeholders can lead to a better and stronger value chain, making microalgae a key player in the pharmaceutical industry.
