Sumatera Institute of Technology (Indonesian: Institut Teknologi Sumatera, abbreviated as ITERA) is a public university in South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia.ITERA has three faculties and 35 programs, all of them at the undergraduate level.
In tropical peatland regions, direct chlorination of peat water is a common household practice to improve clarity and ensure microbial safety. However, this simple treatment can produce toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) due to the high organic matter and acidity of peat water. This perspective examines the dual nature of chlorination—its effectiveness in removing bacteria and reducing color, versus its role in generating hazardous halogenated compounds. Chlorine reacts with humic and fulvic substances, yielding trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and other DBPs with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. In the absence of controlled dosing and residual monitoring, households often use excessive chlorine, allowing prolonged reactions and increasing DBP concentrations. Field observations in Indonesian peatland communities indicate that chlorination is typically guided by visual cues rather than quantitative control, leading to a false sense of safety. The paper highlights the urgent need for risk awareness, simple pre-treatment steps to remove precursors, and practical dosing guidance to balance microbial and chemical safety. Future efforts should emphasize locally appropriate technologies such as biochar filtration, natural coagulants, or hybrid UV-chlorination systems. Ensuring safe drinking water for peatland populations requires integrating scientific understanding, community education, and policy action to reduce DBP exposure without compromising microbial protection.
Understanding the variability of Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) is essential for managing sediment-related pollution in estuarine and coastal environments. This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of TSS along the Banda Aceh coast, Indonesia, and its extended impacts on the surrounding environment using an integrated approach that combines satellite remote sensing, hydrodynamic modeling, and multivariate statistical analysis. Satellite-derived TSS concentrations were estimated from Sentinel 2A imagery using empirical algorithms, with the green/blue band ratio (B3/B2) performing best (R2 = 0.47, RMSE = 21.73 mg/L) against in-situ observations. Hydrodynamic simulations conducted using MIKE 21 revealed marked spatial and temporal variability in TSS distribution driven by tidal conditions and estuarine morphology. During spring tides, stronger currents (up to 0.45 m/s) facilitated widespread TSS dispersal offshore, with concentrations exceeding 250 mg/L in Ulee Lheue and Alue Naga Estuary. In contrast, neap tides resulted in slower current speeds (< 0.20 m/s) and higher TSS retention near the river mouths. The Krueng Aceh Estuary exhibited more stable and lower TSS concentrations (< 181 mg/L) because of its open configuration and reduced sediment trapping. Principal Component Analysis showed that the TSS was positively correlated with turbidity and chlorophyll-a, underscoring its role in controlling water clarity and nutrient dynamics. These findings demonstrate the dominant influence of tidal dynamics, anthropogenic contributions, and riverine discharge on the coastal water quality. The combined remote sensing–modeling framework offers a scalable approach for sediment monitoring and management in other vulnerable, urbanizing coastal systems.
Magnetotellurics (MT) is a geophysical method used to study subsurface structures based on resistivity properties. Inversion modeling in MT is crucial to reconstructing subsurface resistivity distributions from observed data. However, traditional inversion methods often face challenges such as computational complexity, local minimum traps, and dependence on initial models. This study proposes a novel one-dimensional (1-D) MT inversion approach using a One-to-One-Based Optimizer (OOBO) algorithm. OOBO efficiently explores the solution space using information from all population members, reducing the risk of local minima and improving accuracy. The proposed method was tested on synthetic MT data with added noise 5
We introduce a generalized quaternion Fourier transform termed the linear canonical space-time transform (LCST). The uncertainty principles and convolution theorem are the prominent results that play a significant role in the development of the LCST, both theoretically and in its applications. This study explores the convolution theorem and then establish two uncertainty principles associated with the proposed transformation. In addition, we rigorously derive a new point-wise Heisenberg-type uncertainty inequality for the LCST and special cases of this new Heisenberg principle are also presented.
Tristeza, caused by citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and huanglongbing, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) are the main diseases of citrus in Indonesia. Symptomatic leaves, including chlorotic spots, leaf cupping, and vein clearing from 10 citrus types, were collected from citrus nurseries in Bogor and processed for further molecular detection. Specific RT-PCR for CTV using RBP23F/RBP23R primers successfully detected 11 among 13 tested samples, without detecting CLas. CTV Bogor isolates shared 94–96
