Agrarian conflicts resulting from mining permits issued without the consent of local and indigenous communities expose a legitimacy gap in Indonesia’s mining legal regime. Unequal power relations between land rights holders and IUP holders reveal structural weaknesses in the protection of collective rights. This study identifies the absence of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) as a core deficiency that undermines substantive justice and meaningful participation in natural resource governance. Using a normative legal approach and conceptual analysis of relevant legal instruments, the study critically examines national regulations that remain procedural, transactional, and detached from community participation. The findings show that integrating FPIC is not merely a technical adjustment, but a legal, ethical, and social necessity to shift mining governance from a licensing-based to a consent-based regime. The study contributes academically by proposing mining law reform grounded in collective rights recognition, the creation of an independent FPIC verification body, and the repositioning of communities as legal subjects of development. These findings carry important implications for legal reform oriented toward environmental justice, social legitimacy, and the sustainability of mining investment in Indonesia.
Sustainable lobster aquaculture in Indonesia is shaped by complex interactions among biological productivity, economic incentives, environmental capacity, and regulatory constraints, yet integrated analytical approaches capturing these dynamics remain limited. This study develops a field-parameterised bioeconomic system dynamics model to evaluate sustainability trade-offs in lobster aquaculture systems. Empirical data collected from major production regions (Java, Lombok, and Sulawesi) during 2022–2025 were used to parameterise biological, economic, and environmental subsystems within a unified feedback-based framework implemented in Vensim®. The model simulates system behaviour over a 10-year horizon under two scenarios: baseline production practices and a sustainability-oriented management strategy. Results indicate that baseline practices generate high short-term profitability but progressively degrade environmental quality, leading to reduced system resilience and stabilization of biomass and profit levels over time. In contrast, the sustainability scenario—characterised by moderated stocking intensity, improved survival performance, and enhanced environmental recovery—produces more stable biomass trajectories, higher long-term profitability, and significantly improved environmental conditions. These findings highlight the critical role of environmental feedbacks in shaping long-term aquaculture performance and demonstrate that sustainability-oriented management can mitigate trade-offs between economic returns and ecological integrity. The study contributes a novel empirical bioeconomic-system dynamics framework to support evidence-based aquaculture policy and sustainable development in Indonesia and comparable tropical aquaculture systems.
Tanggetada Village has significant fisheries potential, yet it remains underutilized by local fishermen. This is attributed to several factors, including limited infrastructure and the fishermen group’s lack of knowledge. Additionally, during poor weather conditions, fishermen lack alternative livelihoods beyond capture fishing. Therefore, aquaculture can serve as a viable solution to maintain their productivity. This community engagement initiative aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the fishermen group in integrated aquaculture sistems using floating net cage construction. The activity was implemented in Tanggetada Village, Kolaka Regency, in collaboration with the Malaja Biru fishermen group. The methodology consisted of several stages: socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation. The results of this activity demonstrated significant improvements in the knowledge and skills of the Malaja Biru fishermen group regarding integrated aquaculture in floating net cages. Twenty participants actively engaged in the outreach, training, and cage construction. Evaluation showed a knowledge increase from 50% to 100% and skill proficiency reaching 90–100%. Intensive mentoring and technology transfer methods effectively enhanced fishermen’s capacity, enabling them to independently and sustainably cultivate grouper, lobster, and pearl oysters using integrated aquaculture systems. It can be concluded that the 2024 Kosabangsa community service program successfully enhanced the capacity of the Malaja Biru Fishermen Group in Tanggetada Village through training in integrated aquaculture using floating net cage systems..
Rhizophora apiculata merupakan jenis mangrove yang umum digunakan dalam program penanaman mangrove karena propagul yang mudah diperoleh, dan pertumbuhannya relatif mudah dikontrol. R. apiculata juga memiliki potensi besar dalam menyimpan karbon, sehingga penting untuk diketahui kontribusinya terhadap cadangan karbon di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerapatan, mengestimasi biomassa, dan stok karbon R. apiculata hasil aforestasi di pesisir Kecamatan Mawasangka, Kabupaten Buton Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-November 2025. Pengambilan data vegetasi menggunakan metode transek kuadrat sepanjang 50meter yang tegak lurus garis pantai, dengan dua garis transek dan enam plot berukuran 100 m². Persentase tutupan kanopi diukur menggunakan metode Hemispherical Photography. Estimasi biomassa dan stok karbon menggunakan pendekatan Google Earth Engine dan pengukuran langsung menggunakan model Allometrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tutupan kanopi R. apiculata sebesar 74,10 ± 14,53%, yang termasuk dalam kategori baik/padat. Berdasarkan ukuran dbh, kerapatan tertinggi pada kelas ukuran 4–6,99 cm dan 7–9,99 cm dengan nilai masing-masing 2616,66 ind/ha2 dan 1666,66 ind/ha2. Biomassa total 115,97 ton/ha2, terdiri atas AGB 111,81 ton/ha2 dan BGB 4,15 ton/ha2. Nilai ini berbanding lurus dengan total stok karbon 54,50 ton C/ha2 (AGC: 52,55 ton C/ha2; BGBC: 1,95 ton C/ha2). Secara umum, nilai biomassa dan stok karbon pada bagian atas tegakan lebih tinggi dibandingkan bagian bawah. R. apiculata hasil aforestasi masih berada pada tahap awal pertumbuhan dengan ukuran dbh relatif kecil. Meskipun demikian, potensinya sebagai penyimpan karbon sudah cukup baik. Upaya pelestarian dan perluasan area aforestasi perlu terus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan potensi penyerapan karbon di wilayah pesisir. Rhizophora apiculata is a mangrove species commonly used in plantation programs because its propagules are easy to obtain, and its growth is relatively easy to control. R. apiculata also has great potential in storing carbon, so it is important to know its contribution to carbon stocks in coastal areas. This study aims to determine the density, estimate biomass, and carbon stocks of R. apiculata from afforestation mangroves area on the coast of Mawasangka District, Central Buton Regency. The study was conducted in October-November 2025. Vegetation data collection used a 50-meter quadratic transect method perpendicular to the coastline, with two transect lines and six plots 100 m². The percentage of canopy cover was measured using the Hemispherical Photography method. Biomass and carbon stock estimation used the Google Earth Engine approach and direct measurements using the Allometric model. The results showed that the percentage of canopy cover of R. apiculata was 74.10 ± 14.53%, which is included in the good/dense category. Based on the dbh size, the highest density was in the 4–6.99 cm and 7–9.99 cm size classes with values of 2616.66 ind/ha2 and 1666.66 ind/ha2, respectively. The total biomass was 115.97 tons/ha2, consisting of AGB 111.81 tons/ha2 and BGB 4.15 tons/ha2. This value is directly proportional to the total carbon stock of 54.50 tons C/ha2 (AGC: 52.55 tons C/ha2; BGBC: 1.95 tons C/ha2). In general, the biomass and carbon stock values in the upper part of the stand were higher than those in the lower part. R. apiculata resulting from afforestation is still in the early stages of growth with a relatively small dbh size. Nevertheless, its potential as a carbon store is quite good. Efforts to preserve and expand the afforestation area need to be continued to increase the potential for carbon absorption in coastal areas.
Iklim tropis Indonesia menyebabkan kulit terpapar radiasi ultraviolet secara terus-menerus yang memicu pembentukan radikal bebas dan stres oksidatif sehingga mempercepat kerusakan kulit dan penuaan dini. Daun rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) mengandung flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami, namun kajian terhadap sediaan semprot (face mist) masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan sediaan face mist ekstrak etanol 96% daun rambutan pada konsentrasi 1% (F1), 3% (F2), dan 5% (F3), mengevaluasi mutu fisiknya, serta menentukan aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode DPPH dengan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui metode maserasi dengan rendemen sebesar 16,28%. Seluruh formula memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik dan tetap stabil setelah cycling test. Nilai IC₅₀ berturut-turut sebesar 12,08 ppm (F1), 29,20 ppm (F2), dan 68,84 ppm (F3), sedangkan vitamin C sebesar 1,28 ppm. Formula F1 dan F2 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat, sedangkan F3 tergolong kuat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun rambutan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif kosmeseutikal alami dalam sediaan face mist yang stabil secara fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik.
