This study examined collaboration in the certification and evaluation of educators' preparedness. It assesses attitudes of teachers and the influence of certification standards acceptance in comparison with international standards. A cross-sectional survey of 300 educators as respondents across colleges, schools, and higher education institutions (HEIs) in Ukraine was initiated. The key variables (competence in digital use, preparedness for certification, attitudes in order to obtain certification, and perceived barriers) were analysed. The analysis tools used in the study were descriptive statistics, correlation, t-tests, and multiple regression. The outcomes of the investigation revealed a notable relation among numerical competence as well preparedness for certification, while barriers had a negative correlation with preparedness. Educators who had international experience notably signified a higher level of preparedness. The importance of frameworks on international certification, especially those with Latin American origin are identified with emphasis on contemporary standards of teaching. It is suggested that international cooperation through UNESCO, EU, and OECD will improve the system of certification in Ukraine.
Effective climate policy is central to sustainability transitions and to monitoring progress toward sustainable development, yet national climate policy ratings often differ in scope, indicator design, time coverage, and scoring logic, producing inconsistent country assessments. This creates a need for transparent tools that can compare, interpret, and contextualize existing indices rather than rely on any single metric. This paper develops an exploratory protocol for sustainability-oriented cross-index assessment of national climate policy effectiveness. We combine a structured comparative analysis and a SWOT-informed diagnostic synthesis of four representative approaches-the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), Climate Action Tracker (CAT), the Climate Laws, Institutions, and Measures Index (CLIMI), and the Climate Policy Measure Index (CPMI)-with a pilot inter-index concordance test using rank-based correlation analysis for a small country sample and a common reference year (2012). The pilot is intended as an illustrative methodological example rather than a generalizable statistical test. The results indicate strong alignment among broad, composite approaches (CCPI, CAT, CLIMI), while an instrument-focused metric (CPMI, centered on carbon pricing and fiscal signals) shows weaker consistency with outcome- and governance-oriented ratings. Building on these insights, we compile an integrated indicator set that links outcomes (GHG levels and trends), structural drivers (energy mix, efficiency), policy instruments (pricing, regulation, subsidies), governance capacity (legal and institutional strength), and enabling conditions (finance, public engagement, international cooperation). We also specify the operational steps of the proposed workflow, including index selection, temporal harmonization, ordinal encoding, concordance analysis, discrepancy diagnosis, indicator mapping, and provisional normalization, weighting, aggregation, and validation rules for future composite implementation. The protocol should therefore be understood as a sustainability-oriented decision support workflow for interpreting agreements and disagreements across existing indices and for supporting more balanced evaluation of low-carbon transitions; a fully aggregated composite index with large-sample validation remains a task for future research.
The article is devoted to the problems of defining the concept and requirements (conceptual components) of the rule of law in international law and EU legislation. The author conducted an analysis of scientific approaches to defining the concept of the rule of law in Ukrainian and European scientific literature, on the basis of which their classification was proposed. It was established that in international practice and the practice of EU institutions, in order to formulation the concept of the rule of law, given of its complex (stretching) nature, a mixed approach is mostly used, which consists in formulating the basic concept and requirements (conceptual components) of the rule of law. The activities of the main institutions-actors of standardization of the concept of the rule of law at the international and regional levels were highlighted, and the concept and requirements of the rule of law, as formulated in their official documents, were also examined. The role of the ECHR, the Court of Justice of the EU, the Constitutionals and other courts of the EU member states in interpreting the requirements of the rule of law was emphasized. In official documents of the EU institutions, the rule of law is recognized as the “central pillar of the future of Europ” which, in trinity with democracy and human rights, ensures the functioning of the Community as of an “area of freedom, security and justice”. The crisis of values, and in particular the crisis of the rule of law, observed in the EU over the past decade and a half, determined the course of the EU institutions towards the formation of a common standard of the rule of law of the EU and the creation of a rule of law mechanism to overcome existential threats to the functioning of the Community. The genesis of the concept of the rule of law in official documents and EU legislation is investigated, the basic concept and a number of requirements of the rule of law formulated by the EU institutions are analyzed, which may differ at the national level, based on the constitutional traditions of the EU member states. The emphasis is placed on the content of the legislative initiatives of the EU institutions to consolidate the concept of the rule of law, which are focused on promoting and strengthening the rule of law and democracy and protecting human rights at the level of the interconstitutional agreement of the Community member states (“Union Pact on Democracy, the Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights”), as well as their significance for promoting the rule of law and developing the legislation of the countries integrating into the Community. Keywords: rule of law, democracy, human rights, European Union, EU legislation, EU institutions, concept of rule of law, requirements (conceptual components) of the rule of law.
IntroductionIn the context of growing cyber risks to critical industries, including bakery complexes, this paper proposes a cognitive architecture for early incident detection in the operational technology (OT) network.MethodsThe architecture integrates User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA), a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system, and Zero Trust principles, focusing on hybrid threats: from external attacks on industrial controllers, such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to internal operator errors. At the analytics layer, two complementary deep learning pipelines are used: a convolutional neural network (CNN) + long short-term memory (LSTM) (CNN + LSTM) model for detecting low-level network patterns (Byte2Image) and an autoencoder (AE) combined with LSTM (AE + LSTM model) for predicting time-series data and identifying anomalies in equipment telemetry. An adaptive threshold decision procedure is introduced for the first time, optimizing both accuracy and computational resources on edge nodes. The architecture complies with the IEC 62443 and ISO/IEC 27019 standards.Results and discussionHigh performance metrics, specifically Precision, were demonstrated in the bakery plant’s digital twin scenarios.
The article, based on the principles of historical neo-institutionalism, provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural transformation of public administration in the context of existential security threats. The authors argue that the global crisis of the New Public Management paradigm, with its emphasis on decentralization and market approaches, has revealed the critical vulnerability of the state system during the war. As a strategic response to these challenges, the need to implement the Neo-Weberian state model in the public administration system of Ukraine is justified. The central element of the study is the rethinking of the functional role of bureaucracy. It is proven that the return to the Weberian principles of hierarchy and professionalism, reinforced by the end-to-end digitalization of processes, gives rise to the phenomenon of «dynamic legalism». This allows overcoming departmental fragmentation and implementing adaptive management mechanisms aimed at rapid consolidation of resources. Using the example of the analysis of the digital ecosystem of Ukraine, it is demonstrated how modern platforms ensure the institutional resilience of the system, transforming the status of a citizen from a passive «client» to an active «co-owner of the state». The conclusions emphasize that such a model not only guarantees a balance between democratic accountability and mobilization capacity, but also serves as a key reference point for the post-war reconstruction and further European integration of Ukraine in the new security landscape.
