Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs

When analysing the state of the modern digital environment, it is necessary to emphasise that cyber threats pose a constant risk factor for both private companies and government institutions. It has been established that cyberattacks have become targeted, and their number is on the rise. Therefore, in order to quickly detect, respond to, and reduce the level of cyber incidents, it is necessary to create more effective mechanisms for countering and managing information security incidents. The purpose of this article is to study cyber incidents that have a negative impact on the country’s information space and pose threats to all areas of activity. It has been found that cyber incidents vary in nature, including phishing attacks, sending spam to mailboxes, fraudulent messages, hacking private accounts, ransomware, creating complex and targeted attacks on critical infrastructure, and attacks that cause significant financial losses and lead to user distrust of the resources they use most often are also common. The research used the methods of analysis, synthesis, evaluative and situational, comparative, graphical and generalisation. It is becoming increasingly difficult to counter cyber threats, as with the development of information technology, fraudsters and cybercriminals are complicating and refining their methods of influence, which is why new, more effective methods of countering them are being developed. It has been established that cyber attacks most often have political and economic factors, so such attacks pose a particular threat when high-tech means are used. Areas such as economic, social and national security are the most at risk, where cyber incidents pose a significant threat. Therefore, the development of effective and efficient strategies for managing such cyber incidents is currently a pressing issue. The article concludes that there is a need to develop an effective and comprehensive approach to detecting, responding to, and restoring information that has been damaged after cyber incidents. It is discussed that with the increase in the level of threats, the requirements for the creation of modern approaches to integrating all important measures to ensure the resilience of digital systems to cyber threats, which have become increasingly widespread in recent years, are only possible through a combination of modern innovative technologies, the creation of effective security policies and international cooperation. Thus, cyber incident management is a continuous process that requires the training of highly qualified cybersecurity specialists, the creation of effective technical protection, interaction between teams, and a culture of security within the organisation. In the context of growing cyber threats and crime, it is important for law enforcement agencies to develop effective strategies to combat crime and take measures to protect the rights and freedoms of every citizen and the security of the entire state.

The article examines theoretical and applied aspects of sustainable development management of socio-economic systems in Ukraine under wartime economic transformations. Modern challenges caused by military actions, disruption of production and logistics chains, significant decline in investment activity, and institutional instability substantially affect the functioning of socio-economic systems at all levels. These factors lead to reduced economic resilience, limited opportunities for modernization, and increased uncertainty in long-term planning. The role of the agricultural sector as a basic element of ensuring the state’s economic stability and food security is substantiated. Despite difficult operating conditions, the agrarian sector remains one of the key stabilizers of the national economy, providing a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. At the same time, agricultural enterprises face limited access to financial resources, logistical difficulties, rising production costs, and heightened risks. Key factors influencing sustainable development are identified, including investment, institutional, and resource constraints. The analysis of capital investments in agriculture over 2014–2023 reveals persistent instability and a shift in investment structure toward medium-sized enterprises, while the share of small and micro-enterprises is declining. This indicates unequal access to financing and the need for targeted state support. It is proved that effective management of sustainable development in wartime conditions requires the integration of economic and organizational tools, the formation of business ecosystems, the improvement of the institutional environment, and the activation of an investment policy oriented toward the agricultural sector. Traditional management approaches formed under conditions of relative macroeconomic stability are insufficient in crisis conditions. The study proposes directions for increasing the efficiency of managing socio-economic systems of Ukraine under crisis transformations, including the modernization of investment policy, the introduction of green technologies, the development of rural infrastructure, and support for small and medium-sized businesses as the basis of economically resilient and ecologically balanced development.

При підготовці цієї статті автор визначив за мету оцінити зміст правового припису, вміщеного в ст. 23 Кодексу України про адміністративні правопорушення з погляду визнаних науковим загалом положень теорій юридичної відповідальності, реалізації норм права й юридичної техніки. На основі здійсненого аналізу автором обґрунтована необхідність внесення змін до вищезгаданої статті кодифікованого законодавчого акта, а також запропонована її нова редакція.

Type of the article: Research Article AbstractThe article provides a comprehensive empirical assessment of the legal and operational regimes of digital asset circulation and their real impact on the financial market. To quantitatively measure the degree of state control, a composite Crypto Regulation Stringency Index (CRSI) was applied, constructed based on the OECD-JRC methodology. The index integrates 16 parameters across five fundamental areas (legal status, anti-money laundering, taxation, licensing, and consumer protection) for 61 countries (jurisdictions) as of 2025. The developed tool demonstrated high internal consistency and factor structure reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.955).To determine the market consequences of legal regulation, the index values were compared with the Chainalysis 2025 Global Crypto Adoption Index. The direct unconditional correlation between the stringency of rules and the scale of digital asset usage proved to be weak. However, a multivariate regression analysis conditional on a set of macroeconomic and institutional covariates (income level, digital infrastructure development, financial freedom, quality of the rule of law, and the specifics of the MiCA regulation) revealed a robust and statistically significant positive relationship. The reversal of the effect is consistent with a Simpson-type compositional effect: within groups of countries with comparable levels of economic development, clear and strict regulatory rules stimulate market activity. The findings extend the literature on comparative financial law and demonstrate that state control does not suppress the crypto-economy but rather serves as its stable institutional foundation.