University of Papua

Greenhouse gas emissions significantly contribute to global warming, highlighting the need for effective and sustainable carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technologies. This study introduces a hybrid carbon capture and storage (CCS) prototype that integrates mist-assisted absorption with coconut fiber adsorption as a low-cost and renewable approach. The system was evaluated in terms of CO2 capture efficiency and energy consumption. The prototype consists of four chambers: mist generation units to enhance gas-liquid contact and coconut fiber packing to adsorb residual CO2. Six experimental modes were tested at two gas flow velocities (0.9 and 1.4 m/s). Real-time CO2 monitoring was performed using NDIR MH-Z16 sensors validated against a reference probe meter, with data acquisition through the NI MyRIO platform. Results showed that capture efficiency increased from 14% to 19% in the baseline condition to a maximum of 65.9% in the hybrid configuration combining six mist modules and coconut fiber. Energy consumption analysis revealed that the energy consumption index (ECI) ranged from 72.95 to 79.85 kWh/kg CO2, with the lowest ECI obtained in the hybrid setup, although mist generation contributed significantly to power demand. Despite higher energy use compared with advanced chemical or vacuum swing adsorption systems, the prototype offers advantages in terms of simplicity, operational practicality, and use of renewable local resources. These findings demonstrate the potential of coconut fiber-based hybrid CCS systems as complementary solutions for decentralized and small-scale applications.

Climate change continues to occur, so that the chrysosphere ecosystem has been heavily affected. This study aimed to investigate changes of glacier area in Puncak Jaya in response to ongoing global climate change issue. Landsat 2-9 satellite image series was used to see the dynamics of glacier change using digitized on-screen method. An important finding is that the tropical glaciers of Papua will survive until 2024, but melt and disappear faster than researchers previously predicted. Results showed that the glacier area has decreased by 7.28 km2 (97%) in over 44 years. In 1980, Puncak Jaya and Idenburg glaciers covered 7.46 km2 and then decreased to 0.19 km2 in 2024. Research also shows that only two glaciers remain, while four others Ngga Pilimsit Glacier, Meren Glacier, Southwall Hanging Glacier and West Northwall Firn Glacier have disappeared. In 2024, the Carstensz Glacier covered 0.050 km2 and the East Firn Northwall Glacier 0.136 km2. Another important finding is that the East Firn Northwall Glacier is predicted to disappear faster in 2028-2029 than the Carstensz Glacier in 2029-2030. In the future, it will be necessary to collect all the information from the field, estimate the impact on the ecosystem if the glacier completely disappears, and find out why East Northwall Firn Glacier melts faster than Carstensz Glacier.

Mathematical reasoning remains the most challenging dimension of the international mathematics literacy framework. As digital transformation reshapes educational practice, AI-based adaptive learning and gamification have emerged as two widely adopted instructional approaches. However, empirical evidence comparing their differential associations with the development of mathematical reasoning remains limited, particularly for pre-service mathematics teachers. This study examines the relationship between AI-based adaptive learning and mathematical reasoning, as well as gamification strategies and mathematical reasoning, among pre-service mathematics teachers. Employing an explanatory quantitative design, the study involved 110 pre-service mathematics teachers from a private university in East Java. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire measuring AI-based adaptive learning (X1; 3 indicators, 12 items) and gamification strategies (X2; 2 indicators, 10 items), alongside open-ended cognitive task questions (Q23–Q28) scored with an analytical rubric (0–4 per item; maximum total score=24) to assess mathematical reasoning (Y; 2 indicators, 6 items). Data analysis utilized Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with 5,000 bootstrapping resamples, evaluating measurement model validity and structural model path coefficients. The HTMT ratio between AI-based adaptive learning and mathematical reasoning (0.6822) fell below the 0.85 threshold, confirming adequate discriminant validity; thus H1 is supported. Conversely, gamification strategy showed no statistically significant relationship with mathematical reasoning (β = −0.065; t = 0.856; p = 0.392; f² = 0.006), meaning H2 is not supported. The model achieved an Adjusted R² of 0.4561 and R² of 0.4463, explaining 45.61% of the variance in mathematical reasoning with moderate predictive relevance (Q² = 0.259). PLS predict RMSE (0.842) was lower than the LM-RMSE (0.860), indicating superior predictive accuracy over a linear baseline. These findings suggest that mathematics teacher education programs should prioritize AI-based adaptive technologies that emphasize reasoning processes, while reorienting gamification strategies toward justification, reflection, and evaluation of mathematical solutions.

Objectives:A high-fat diet (HFD) can trigger liver disease, one of which is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to examine the effect of Solanum lycopersicum extract on liver protection, namely macroscopic and microscopic aspects and liver weight in high-fat diet model rats. Methods:This true experimental study used male Wistar rats divided into a normal (control) group, HFD group and HFD group with S. lycopersicum extract (HFD-SL). This study was conducted from May to November 2024 at the Faculty of Dentistry Laboratory Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, Indonesia. After the intervention, the weight of the rats' livers were measured and evaluated macroscopically. Histopathological examination was performed on liver tissue using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Steatotic and hepatocytes ballooning were analysed using scoring system. Results:A total of 21 rats were included in this study and divided equally into 3 groups. This study revealed that liver weight in the HFD group was significantly higher than in the control group (P = 0.004). The macroscopic findings of the liver in the HFD-SL group appeared red and the organ surface was smoother and nodules were reduced compared to the HFD group. The histopathology results of the liver in the HFD-SL group showed lower steatotic score (P = 0.058) and a reduced hepatocytes ballooning score (P = 0.018) compared to the HFD group. Conclusion:S. lycopersicum has the potential to act as a liver protector; this occurs because the bioactive compounds in tomatoes can reduce fat accumulation and trigger hepatocyte regeneration.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely adopted to conserve marine biodiversity, yet their distributional impacts on resource-dependent communities remain underexplored. This study investigates socioeconomic inequality linked to MPAs in eastern Indonesia using a quasi-experimental design and multi-round household surveys of over 10,000 households across 180 coastal settlements in 10 MPAs (2010-2017). We assess poverty through objective (asset-based index) and subjective (perceived economic trends) measures. Findings reveal overall poverty reduction and persistent pre-existing inequalities by gender, age, occupation, and tenure rights. MPAs did not cause short-term economic losses or widen objective inequality but constrained perceived economic improvement, particularly among female-headed households. Community engagement moderated these effects: gender disparities were greater where female participation in groups was low. These findings suggest that promoting inclusive participation can help ensure more equitable conservation outcomes.