Introduction. One of the key contradictions in the modern market relations is associated with the phenomena of deglobalization. It is the practice of the European Union with respect to supranational influence on fiscal relations of economic agents and the “trumponomics” that have confirmed the need to further increase the effectiveness of international tax and budget regulatory institutions. Problem Statement. The modern fiscal policy in market economies aims at regulating the distribution of resources between the private and public sectors with minimal impact of inflationary or deflationary fluctuations on the producer price index. Government actions that mobilize market potential shall include elements of fiscal reform related to a set of targeted measures to reduce the growth rate of the monetary aggregates. Purpose. To identify the main directions of a systemic strengthening of fiscal functions of governments, primarily, in countering the threats of destabilization in the presence of dynamic phenomena of globalization and their further multiplication. Мaterials and Мethods. The methods of position-time situational analysis and synthesis have been used; the dynamics of statistical macroeconomic indicators (GDP) within the framework of various systematic model assessments of the tax reform impact have been compared. Results. Both the positive and the negative experience of implementing programs for international financial institutions and governments of different countries aim at achieving the goals of full employment and sustainable development with the help of revenue and budgetary means of demand management and established monetary leverages have been considered. Recommendations for improvement of regulatory fiscal effects on Ukraine’s socio-economic system (SES) stability growth have been justified in the light of current trends of change management. Conclusions. Rational tax policy shall provide for the improvement of legislative mechanisms in combination with the formation and use of costs, stimulating the saving of resources with a view to their best practical use. In the context of globalization and increasing threats of information asymmetry with the existence of various technological paradigms in the SES, regulations shall be based on establishing transparent “game rules”. Mandatory payments shall come from sources of business income rather than from capital, because the use of the latter for paying taxes is contrary to the interests of investors and the goals of sustainable growth.
Вступ.В ринкових умовах господарювання та загострення конкуренції на промисловому ринку всебічна оцінка інноваційного потенціалу легкої промисловості є актуальною й практично значимою проблемою.На сьогодні не сформовано загального підходу щодо оцінки інноваційного потенціалу промислового під приємництва, а рівень теоретикометодологічного та практичного розв'язання зазначеного аспекту мало впливає на результативність їхньої господарської діяльності. .Проблематика.Інноваційний розвиток підприємств є недослідженим напрямком, що перешкоджає підвищенню конкурентоспроможності промислових підприємств, посиленню їх конкурентної ринкової позиції.Зважаючи на це, гострою є проблема комплексного оцінювання інноваційного потенціалу легкої промисловості, що забезпечить об'єктивність їхнього результату та дозволить підприємствам ефек тивно організовувати інноваційну діяльність.Мета.Розробка методичного підходу до оцінювання інноваційного потенціалу легкої промисловості, використання якого дозволить підприємствам комплексно узагальнити отримані результати та прий няти оптимальні управлінські рішення.Матеріали й методи.Застосовано методичний підхід до вимірювання інноваційного потенціалу лег кої промисловості за допомогою таксонометричного методу.Результати.Визначено складові елементи інноваційного потенціалу, а також сформовано та об числено групи показників за критеріями, що визначають його.З метою оцінювання зазначеного показни ка запропоновано принципи щодо формування системи індикаторів за кожним з напрямків.Виділено основні етапи розрахунків інноваційного потенціалу легкої промисловості
Introduction. E-democracy and e-government become an increasingly common attribute of people's lives, since they give is an opportunity to attract population masses to the discussion of both economic and social, as well as managerial innovations. The society urgently requires innovation in the organization of public and regional administration. Problem Statement. Adjemoglu and Robinson have shown that the necessary factor for the success of public or region development is the presence of inclusive political and economic institutions. Inclusive institutions involve the widest possible population in decision-making. Moreover, namely the political institutions (which are crucial for involving as much as possible the public to making decision) determine successful development of society. Innovative projects are the driver of economic development, so the involvement of the general public in their discussion, decision-making, implementation and analysis of the results is an extremely important factor. Many authors have emphasized that the digitalization of information is an important factor for the formation and development of a developed society. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to develop approaches to modeling the communication channels of the public and authorities under the conditions of innovation project implementing in the context of e-democracy and public administration. Materials and Methods. The research uses the methods of system analysis, game theory, structural, functional, and logical analysis. Results. Innovative projects are supported primarily by the middle class, as evidenced by the Hotelling model (the median voter model). The analysis of existing in Ukraine functional model of communication between the public and the authorities while implementing innovation projects has revealed a number of its shortcomings. To correct them, a scheme for optimizing the communication between the authorities and the public by means of e-democracy while implementing an innovation project has been proposed. The necessity of attracting media, experts, and analysts at each stage of the implementation of the innovation project has been justified. Conclusions. The described communication channel includes electronic media and the community of experts and analysts as compulsory components. It enables the creation an effective system of feedbacks between the authorities and the public which allows making optimal decisions and monitoring the socio-economic development of society.
PREAMBLE1.1.Humanity stands at a defining moment in history.We are confronted with a perpetuation of disparities between and within nations, a worsening of poverty, hunger, ill health and illiteracy, and the continuing deterioration of the ecosystems on which we depend for our well-being.However, integration of environment and development concerns and greater attention to them will lead to the fulfilment of basic needs, improved living standards for all, better protected and managed ecosystems and a safer, more prosperous future.No nation can achieve this on its own; but together we can -in a global partnership for sustainable development.1.2.This global partnership must build on the premises of General Assembly resolution 44/228 of 22 December 1989, which was adopted when the nations of the world called for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, and on the acceptance of the need to take a balanced and integrated approach to environment and development questions.1.3.Agenda 21 addresses the pressing problems of today and also aims at preparing the world for the challenges of the next century.It reflects a global consensus and political commitment at the highest level on development and environment cooperation.Its successful implementation is first and foremost the responsibility of Governments.National strategies, plans, policies and processes are crucial in achieving this.International cooperation should support and supplement such national efforts.In this context, the United Nations system has a key role to play.Other international, regional and subregional organizations are also called upon to contribute to this effort.The broadest public participation and the active involvement of the non-governmental organizations and other groups should also be encouraged.1.4.The developmental and environmental objectives of Agenda 21 will require a substantial flow of new and additional financial resources to developing countries, in order to cover the incremental costs for the actions they have to undertake to deal with global environmental problems and to accelerate sustainable development.Financial resources are also required for strengthening the capacity of international institutions for the implementation of Agenda 21.An indicative order-of-magnitude assessment of costs is included in each of the programme areas.This assessment will need to be examined and refined by the relevant implementing agencies and organizations.1.5.In the implementation of the relevant programme areas identified in Agenda 21, special attention should be given to the particular circumstances facing the economies in transition.It must also be recognized that these countries are facing unprecedented challenges in transforming their economies, in some cases in the midst of considerable social and political tension.1.6.The programme areas that constitute Agenda 21 are described in terms of the basis for action, objectives, activities and means of implementation.Agenda 21 is a dynamic programme.It will be carried out by the various actors according to the different situations, capacities and priorities of countries and regions in full respect of all the principles contained in the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.It could evolve over time in the light of changing needs and circumstances.This process marks the beginning of a new global partnership for sustainable development.* * * * * * When the term "Governments" is used, it will be deemed to include the European Economic Community within its areas of competence.Throughout Agenda 21 the term "environmentally sound" means "environmentally safe and sound", in particular when applied to the terms "energy sources", "energy supplies", "energy systems" and "technology" or "technologies".
Introduction. The rapid development of information technologies and the intensification of international cooperation between Ukraine and Europe have led to the need for increasing the competitiveness of Ukraine in the information market. The main component of the information market is databases, the entry of which will contribute to the development of the country in the global information space. Problem Statement. Information activity is a branch of social production associated with the preparation and provision of information services and products that satisfy a certain group of social needs. To ensure high-quality scientific space and competitiveness, it is necessary to objectively evaluate the state of scholarly research periodicals of Ukraine. At present, the problem of presenting periodicals in the world information space, in particular, access to universally recognized scientometric databases is of paramount importance. Purpose. Determination of the current state of international scientific cooperation in the context of the scholarly research periodicals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the world of scientometric databases. Material and Methods. The information framework of the research includes the legislative acts, the resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the paper versions of the journals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and their sites, the information resource Scholarly Research Periodicals of Ukraine by the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Google Scholar (Google Scholar), Index Copernicus, Open Access Journals (DOAJ), ERIH PLUS. Results. The introduction of scholarly research periodicals to international abstract and scientometric databases and their actual state has been described. Conclusions. The introduction of information technology, access to databases and the stimulation of their de-velopment of magazines open up ways to increase (intensify) international scientific cooperation in the scientific domain by broadening the presentation of the results of researcher activity in scholarly research periodicals.
Introduction. The significant role in optimization of assortment and designing of blankets with given properties belongs to the choice of the filler, in particular to its thermophysical parameters, which differ in different materials. Problems. Thermal conductivity of blankets with fillers of protein origin in particular sheep's wool, camel wool, cashmere wool has not studied enough. Control and measurement of the specified indicator will optimize the choice of materials during the design of bedding products with volumetric fillers, specifically blankets. Purpose. Estimation of thermal conductivity of different types fillers. Materials and Methods. Samples of fillers of different fiber composition (sheep's wool, camel wool, cashmere wool) were the objects of the study. Experimental researches were carried out in Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics laboratories using the module "Heat" of the multi-functional measuring module device MIG-1.3. The photos of the fillers were made using universal measuring computer with resolution of 600 pixels. Results. Microscopic studies of the fibers have shown that the density of the fillers is different, and the mass of air in them and, accordingly, the mass of the filler fibers themselves differ, that in a result affect the thermal conductivity of the material. According to the obtained data, a number of fillers were formed according to their thermal conductivity: camel wool -> sheep wool -> cashmere wool -> polyester fiber. Conclusions. The results showed that the most effective in terms of heat saving is a filler made of camel wool, while polyester fiber has a thermal conductivity in 2.2 times lower. It should be taken into account forming the heat-protective properties of bedding with bulky fillers, including blankets, with the aim of optimization of their range.
Introduction. Maximum use of potential biological potential of seed material is among the ways to increase the production and to improve the quality of agricultural products. In view of the above, various methods of pre-seeding treatment of seeds of agricultural crops by means of electromagnetic fields are used. At the same time there is insufficient clarity of reproducibility of the results of radiation. Problem Statement. However, the conventional methods for determining germination capacity require a wide range of equipment and materials and are time-consuming. Therefore, the search for new methods of pre-seeding treatment and the development of rapid calorimetric methods are promising directions of research. Purpose. To study the effect of irradiation on seed material, by calorimetric methods. Materials and Methods. To determine the caloric value of seed material, two batches of Scarlet barley seeds are taken, one of which is irradiated with an electric field. The caloric value of the grain has been determined using the calorimetric device B-08M, according to DSTU ISO 1928:2006. Results. The results of quantitative indicators of temperature change of the irradiated and reference batch of barley grain have been presented in a graphical form to visualize the effect of irradiation. The analysis of results has shown that the non-irradiated seeds have a germination capacity of 82%, while for the irradiated seeds this index is equal to 88%. Respectively, their caloric value is 10 842 kJ/kg and 11 985 kJ/kg, i.e. differs by 10.5%. An experimental dependence has been established that to increase germination by 1% it is necessary to increase the caloric value of seed mass by approximately 1.83%. Conclusions. A 10-11% increase in the caloric value of the seeds after irradiation indicates that the irradiation process is realized. The use of calorimetry methods can be recommended as a seed material irradiation quality control method.
цитування: semykin, s.i., Golub, t.s., and Dudchenko, s.a. improving the Efficiency of the low-Voltage potential application Method at top oxygen Blowing in Converter. Nauka innov. 2020. V. 16, no. 2. p. 79— 86. https://doi.org/10.15407/scin16.02.079 Introduction. The main factor of oxygen blowing in converters is the interaction of oxygen jet with the molten metal bath. It determines hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, slag formation and causes metal losses with emissions affecting the yield of liquid steel. Problem Statement. The most promising research aimed at improving the slag formation and increasing the yield of liquid steel in the conditions of modern metallurgical practice. It deals with the electro physical effects on the metal smelting process. It includes the method of lowvoltage potentials application developed in the Iron and Steel Institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of the NAS of Ukraine (ISI NASU). Purpose. To study the possibilities and to evaluate ways to improve the efficiency of the method of lowvoltage potential application for top oxygen blowing in the converter. Materials and Methods. The tests were carried out on a 160ton industrial oxygen converter equipped with a device for lowvoltage potential application on the lance and a metal bath with imposition of a negative or positive polarity to the lance throughout the blowing period. The top blowing option through five nozzle tip has been studied while producing medium carbon steel with intermediate deslagging. Results. The analysis of the array of experimental industrial heats carried out in 160t converters in conditions of lowvoltage potential application, has made it possible to identify the following patterns of changes in the electrical characteristics of the bath from the blowing parameters. It was established that regardless of the polarity of the potential at the lance, the magnitude of the values of current and useful power of impact in lance–metal bath circuit over blowing periods depends on: the level of the voltage at the source of current and the height of the lance in the converter's volume above the metal bath. Thus, it is necessary to maintain the position of the lance: from the beginning of the blowing, depending on the location of the scrap, at a height of 0.9—1.0 m, in the main blowing period, at 1.0—1.2 m, and in the final period, at 1.0—1.1 m, which is made taking into account the effective support of the current during the blowing at an adequate level to achieve the maximum level of the effect of the low voltage potential application. Conclusions. Industrial testing of the recommended blow mode in 160t converters showed the possibility to almost double the efficiency of using lowvoltage potential application compared with the previously developed and accepted at the plant mode of its application.
Introduction. A constant increase in the amount of space debris already constitutes a significant threat to satellites in nearEarth orbits, starting with the trajectory of their launch vehicle injection. Problem Statement. Design and development of various modern methods of protection against space debris requires knowledge of the statistical characteristics of the distribution of the kinematic parameters of the simultaneous motion of a launch vehicle injecting satellite and a group of space debris objects in the area of its trajectory. Purpose. Development of a mathematical model of a launch vehicle rendezvous with a group of observable orbital debris while injecting a satellite into near-earth orbits with an altitude of up to 2100 km and an inclination from 45 to 90 degrees. Materials and Methods. The following methods are used in the research: analysis, synthesis, comparison, simulation modeling, statistical processing of experimental results, approximation, correlation analysis, and the least squares method. Results. The simultaneous motion of a launch vehicle and a group of space debris objects has been studied. The distributions of relative distance, relative velocity, angle of encounter, and moments of time of approach of a launch vehicle to a group of the observed space debris at a relative distance of less than 5 km have been obtained. The dependence of the average rendezvous concentration on the distribution of space debris across the average altitude of the orbit and the inclination of the target orbit of the launch vehicle has been determined. The dependence of the average probability of rendezvous in the launch on the inclination of the target orbit, the number of orbital debris, and the relative distance of the rendezvous has been determined. Conclusions. The obtained mathematical model of rendezvous of a launch vehicle with a group of observed orbital debris can be used while designing means of cleaning the near-Earth space and systems to protect modern satellite launch vehicles from orbital debris. In addition, the results of the research can be used to assess the impact of unobserved orbital debris on the flight of a launch vehicle.
Introduction.At the present stage of the development of Ukraine, in the face of challenges and risks, it is extre me ly important to formulate the national energy policy.Problem Statement.The energy development strategy of Ukraine shall provide for the transition from the im port of raw materials to the energyefficient development of the fuel and energy complex using the results of fundamental and applied research in the field of natural and socioeconomic sciences, the domestic innovative potential and R&D projects.Purpose.To overview the conceptual approaches related to forecasting (predicting, foresight) the life of socie ty as a whole, and the development of power engineering, in particular. Materials and Methods.A literary review of authoritative sources on methods for forecasting the develop ment of power engineering, including that in Ukraine, has been presented.Results.The research presents a retrospective look at the status of Ukraine's power engineering until the 1990s and in the period of independence of the state.It was emphasized that the energy strategies of Ukraine as adop ted in 1996, 2006, and in 2013 did not reach their purposes and indicators even in the mediumterm prospects.In 2017, Ukraine adopted the fourth energy strategy, with the following main targets: safety, energy efficiency, and competitiveness.The last (fourth) energy strategy (ES35) was developed in extreme conditions, under the influen ce of global changes in the world energy trends and numerous challenges for the domestic power engineering.Il lustrative energy development schemes that characterize the complexity of energy forecasting and the need to take into account a number of key factors have been presented.The energy strategy of Ukraine and, in particular the ES35, will depend on "the energy contours of the new world", i.e. the energy trends and scenarios, as well as the global and local risks.The expected key parameters and indicators of the energy strategy may not coincide with the implemented values.Conclusions.The energy strategy of Ukraine (in particular, the ES35) depends on "the energy contours of the new world," i.e. the energy trends and scenarios, as well as the global and local risks.The expected key param eters and indicators of the energy strategy may not coincide with the implemented values.K e y w o r d s : fuel and energy complex, energy strategy, forecasting, strategy implementation, management and mo nitoring, and roadmap.the energy strategy: Forecasts and reality (review)
Introduction. The socio-economic structure and the structure of economic production in Ukraine are get increasingly subjected to the consumption of goods and services. Problem Statement. In the outlined conditions, the problem is that in most cases, the economy has been already controlling the human being, not vice versa. Purpose. The development of a systematic approach to the problem of revealing the essence of the relationship between the “subject” of economic space management, the human being, and the “object” of management, the economic space, in order to find ways to return to human-centered socio-economic structure of the country. Materials and Methods. For the first time, a new concept of “social effect” has been introduced. It is an analog of the well-known lexicographic effect proposed at the beginning of the 21st century by Full Member of the NAS of Ukraine V. Shirokov, which may be regarded as a phenomenological framework of the theory of complexity and the corresponding specific theory of economic information, on the one hand. On the other hand, the complexity theory, the Kolmogorov information, and the Levenheim-Skolem theorem may be considered formal correlates of the lexicographic effects in economic systems. Results. This approach is considered system-creating to describe the holistic processes of relations of economic systems of five levels with the phenomenal property of self-compensation of complexity. The separation of structural, substantive, and subjective properties, as well as the relationships between them gives the analyzed economic reality the property of being a system. Conclusions. Based on the above assumptions and general theoretical and informational ideas about socio-economic systems of five levels as formal correlates of the lexicographic effect, it has been proposed to coordinatize and to unify information in the economic space of these management systems as a basis for establishing the “source — form — content” equilibrium in accordance with the rule of "common goals".
Introduction. The development of the enrichment industry has identified significant requirements for the development of new technologies and equipment, including the method of magnetic separation. Problem Statement. Advantages of cryomagnetic separation complexes are determined by the efficiency of solving the problem of creating their cryogenic support systems. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to develop a cryogenic supply system (CSC) by solution scientific technical and design and technological problems of cryomagnetic systems creation based on micro-cryogenic closed cycle systems (MCS). Materials and Methods. The material of the research is the design of SCS with built-in superconducting magnetic system (SMS) and two MCS. The efficiency of MCS use is determined by the method of thermal balance analysis of their modules. Results. SCS design on the basis of the nitrogen-free cryostat with integrated SMS and two close-cycle MCS and the solution of R&D problems of effective use of the MCS by method of the heat balance analysis of their modules have been proposed. The input units of the MCS modules and neck, as well as the tank, supports and screens are design in such a way as they can operate simultaneously as a system of rigidity and a system of efficient removal of heat from them to the appropriate stages of the MCS modules. The design of SCS provides operation in a stationary mode with a super small supply of liquid helium through the liquid-gas recondensation ring process, in which the gas-liquid helium mixture is an ideal cool conductor. The design of the SCS provides the manufacturability of routine maintenance, even with the change of the modules of the neck and the MCS, without depressurization of the cryostat. Conclusion. Solutions of design and technological, research and technical problems are based on patents of Ukraine No. 103949 and No. 88830. The expediency of creation of the complex on the basis of a nitrogen-free cryostat with built-in SMS and two MCS operating in a stationary mode with a very small reserve of liquid helium has been substantiated.
Introduction. The development of patent and innovation is impossible without a strong scientific base. That is why the R&D potential of the state is one of the main factors that reflect the level of both economic and technical level of its development. Unfortunately, the level of patent innovation in Ukraine is low, despite the strong R&D potential. Problem statement. The efficiency of innovations, trends in nanotechnology patenting, and the level of nanotechnology development in Ukraine are mainly determined by the qualifications of Ukrainian researchers. Therefore, preserving the R&D potential of Ukraine and preventing its outflow abroad are among the most pressing problems today. Purpose. To determine the role of R&D in the economy of Ukraine and the world, the level of publications of Ukrainian authors, the effectiveness, patent circulation, and prospects of innovations in Ukraine. To characterize the world market of nanotechnologies and the level of development of nanotechnologies in Ukraine and to provide a forecast of innovative development in Ukraine and the world. Materials and Methods. Statistical data of R&D potential of Ukraine, number of research works in Ukraine, materials on the quantitative and qualitative level of scholarly research publications of Ukrainian authors, patent circulation, the efficiency of innovations in Ukraine for the period 2010-2017, for forecasting of innovative development in Ukraine and the world on the coming decades. Results. The R&D potential of Ukraine, the current level of nanotechnology, innovation, and trends in their further development have been evaluated. The innovative development in Ukraine and the world until 2030 has been forecasted. Conclusions. Ukraine has a strong R&D potential, but the level of patent and innovation activity in Ukraine is low. Against the background of the integration of Ukrainian researchers into the world community, there is a significant increase in the number of joint scholarly research publications of Ukrainian researchers with foreign colleagues.
Introduction. Today, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) is a kind of scientific and technical framework for Ukrainian nuclear researchers who are directly involved in conducting the cutting-edge nuclear physics experiments. Problem Statement. An important aspect of international cooperation for the Ukrainian researchers in the field of nuclear physics and materials science is to consolidate scholarly research, engineering, and financial resources of countries for creating international research organizations and implementing large-scale projects in modern science and technology. Purpose. Analysis of the factors that contribute to the development of nuclear physics and research in related disciplines in Ukraine, involvement of Ukrainian researchers in international research processes, and assessment of the future prospects. Materials and Methods. Analysis of scholarly research trends in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) and review of achievements of Ukrainian researchers, in particular, young researchers, in implementation of international projects in nuclear physics and related disciplines. Results. The background of nuclear physics research in Ukraine, the way of international cooperation development, and its impact on education and training of researchers have been analyzed. The examples of research results of Ukrainian nuclear physicists have been given. The cooperation of Ukrainian R&D organizations and companies with JINR has been shown to have a positive effect on creative and innovative processes, including the development and study of new high-tech materials. Conclusions. Collaboration with JINR gives Ukrainian researchers access to modern methods of physical research and unique equipment at leading international R&D centers, while planning and implementing large-scale experiments in nuclear physics, and enables studying the problems of the Universe. Teachers, students, and schoolchildren from Ukraine have additional opportunities to work with the cutting-edge methods, modern equipment and innovative approaches in the field of science and technology.
Introduction. Trends in developing Ukraine’s metallurgy in the context of using its mineral raw base indicate prospects for mining hematite quartzite deposits. Problem Statement. The problem of producing high-quality hematite ore concentrates is associated with the fact that aggregates of martite, goethite, marshallit quartz, and other low hard minerals can be easily reground while crushing and grinding. This results in increased content of fine particles (slimes), which decreases selectivity of separating ore and non-metallic minerals. One of the ways to solve this problem is gentle ore grinding Purpose. Developing a technology of dry and wet concentration for hematite quartzite from Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin. Materials and Methods. While conducting the research, a set of methods are used including generalization of research data; chemical and mineral analysis of ore and concentration products prior to and after concentrating by magnetite and gravitation methods; mathematical modeling of processes; technological testing in laboratory and industrial conditions. Results. Magnetic and gravitation separation is used for hematite ore concentration. Sintering ore with Fe content of 55.1% and concentrates of 62.32-64.69% Fe have been produced from hematite ore. Iron extraction in marketable products makes up 73.6-80.49%. Conclusions. There have been developed technologies for dry and wet concentration for hematite quartzites of Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin. For the first time, magnetic separation has been suggested to be used for hematite ore concentration. This has enabled producing concentrates with an iron content over 64.0%, decreasing ore grinding front by at least 40% as compared with the initial one, and reducing operation and capital expenses by over 30%.
Introduction. Bell-less tops used in the charging area give significantly wider opportunities for regulating and distributing the charge material along the furnace top radius. Moreover, it becomes feasible to develop the methods for gas flow control and these methods shall differ from the conventional ones. One of such methods is introduction of multi-component portions of the charge with a technology based component ratio. Problem Statement. The bell-less top charging device is not designed for that type of portioning when the charge material mixing is accompanied with a simultaneous shift of one component with respect to other one for a certain set value, while charging. These portions can be formed with the use of computer-aided stock-conveying system, while discharging the material from weighing hoppers into the blast furnace conveyor. Purpose. This research aims at the development of the structure, the functioning algorithms and the mathematical model for the system to control the formation of multi-component mixed charge batches in order to increase the blast furnace productivity and to reduce the specific coke consumption. Materials and Methods. In this research, the methods of automatic control theory and artificial intellect for the synthesis of weight neuro-fuzzy controllers within the automatic control system of charge dosage have been used. The developed system designed to control multi-component charge portioning via PC has been tested by means of simulation modelling methods. Results. There has been developed an algorithm for operating the system for controlling the multi-component mixed charge preparation on the conveyor, given the arrangement of the specified components, their ratios in portions, total volumetric productivity of the conveyor, the variable geometry of the unloaded material, in the connection with the on-line information on the mixing process. The feasibility of the system has been verified by its simulation with the use of standard application tools. Conclusions. It has been established that the designed control system allows the formation of mixed portions of any composition defined by an operator at a given maximum output of the conveyor and prevents its overload in terms of mass or volume.
Introduction. Explosive technologies are widely used in the extraction industries, in mechanical engineering for welding, hardening, etc. However, the use of solid explosives is limited, above all, by safety requirements. Therefore, the use of a safer and more convenient source of energy, gas detonation, is attracting much attention. Pressures, temperatures, and velocities in detonation waves or shock waves in gases close to them in terms of intensity, as well as the pulse nature of the influence of these factors determine a high potential of their technical and technological use. Problem Statement. In many technical systems, deflagration modes of burning prevail. However, a more thermodynamically advantageous method of combustion and conversion of chemical energy of fuel into useful work is the detonation mode of combustion. This ensures the feasibility of development, research and wider implementation of various technologies and devices using controlled gas detonation. Purpose. Systematization and analysis of the main trends in the development and design of detonation gas technologies and devices in Ukraine and throughout the world. Materials and Methods. Systematization and analysis of scholarly research publications and patents on the practical application of gas detonation in various sectors of the economy. Results. The tendencies of practical use of gas detonation in different branches of industry have been revealed and analyzed. Priority developments in the technological application of the method in mechanical engineering have been performed in Ukraine. However, in many technical areas Ukraine has fallen behind the world leaders in terms of the creation of detonation gas technologies and devices. Conclusions. For the practical use of the potential of gas detonation, it is necessary to develop fundamentally new devices that ensure reliable, safe, and controlable generation and propagation of detonation waves in gases and sprayed fuels. Gas detonation is promising for the creation of more advanced technologies and equipment.
Introduction. The analysis of the state of the vehicle parking system in Ukraine has shown that the organizational, regulatory, and financial conditions of its operation do not meet the needs of road users, user requirements and European practices. Problem Statement. Due to the congestion of the street and road network of large cities of Ukraine by vehicles, there is a need to substantiate and determine zoning indicators to establish the appropriate cost of services for the use of paid parking lots. Purpose. Development of zoning indicators when calculating the cost of services for the use of sites for paid parking of vehicles. Materials and Methods. General and special methods of economic theory, scientific knowledge are used: system, comparative analysis, etc. Results. According to the results of experiments on the load of day platforms for paid parking of vehicles, 3 zones have been identified. Most of the sites fall into Zone I and Zone II because of their load level of more than 60%. The zoning indicators have been developed for the calculation of the cost of services for the use of sites for the payment of parking vehicles. When assessing the priority of the influential factors on the zoning indicator, the scale of relative importance of T. Saati is used. It has been determined that zoning is the main factor influencing the step of adjusting the tariff rate for paid parking of vehicles. The results of the calculations showed that the step of adjusting the tariff should be 0.4. Conclusion. The development can be used in the work of utilities that provide vehicle parking services, in particular, in the preparation and submission of settlement materials and documents for the formation of tariffs for services for the use of daytime parking lots for paid parking.
Introduction. Currently, R&D activity is the main in all the top universities in the world because it is focused on the acquisition of new knowledge, while educational is only on the use of acquired knowledge. However, in Ukraine, the trend of academic entrepreneurship development has not yet taken on proper significance. Problem Statement. The implementation of the idea of intensifying the innovation-investment movement in Ukrainian universities involves upgrading the existing innovation-oriented infrastructure and developing an effective plan of action for those universities in which material and technical and intellectual foundation till have a well-preserved. Purpose. formulate strategic approaches to the commercialization of research products in modern mega-universities, which generally involves the intensification of research activities in the context of international academic entrepreneurship education as an imperative for the development of a high-tech, export-oriented and socially responsible model of economy. Materials and Methods. The methods of economic (in particular PEST- and SWOT-analyzes) and logic-structural analysis, methods of comparison, synthesis, forecasting, theoretical generalization, as well as economicstatistical methods of analysis of actual data are used. Results. A result of this initiative is to formulate recommendations and steps to increase the non-budgetary sources of funding for university research and innovation activities in Ukraine, in particular by raising the profitability of intellectual property and the creation of small innovative enterprises. Conclusions. The results obtained will allow us to formulate strategic principles in the development of a new methodological paradigm for the commercialization of the results of intellectual work in universities, taking into account the development trends of the world and the features of national science.
Introduction. Insufficient level of the economic growth perceiving amongst population of even economically developed countries, growth of inequality of incomes and welfare caused the opening for the opportunities for exploitation of controversial narratives by non-systematic politicians of different spectra in order to obtain electoral dividends, that stipulates the initiation of scientific discourse on the sources, reasons and consequences of populism. Problem Statement. A populist impact in many of European and world countries as well as considerable challenges for economic and political sustainability stipulate the necessity for scientific cognition of that essence for further elaboration of receipts for minimization of negative and implementation of possible positive outcomes. Purpose. To generalize, to structure and to systematize the studies of the political and economic foundations of populism and its manifestations in the context of the formation and implementation of economic and fiscal (tax) policy. Materials and Methods. A methodological consensus as general method introduced on defining populism as ideology, policy and social movement grounded on coordination on the structural elements contained in the definitions of different research schools is implemented; a comparative analyses of Western European and Ukrainian populism; a factsheet and statistical analyses for substantiation of evidence-based tax populism in Ukraine. Results. The article reviews the publications of researchers on the problem of populism - its definition, analysis of social and economic foundations, as well as the impact on the fiscal and tax policies elaboration. On the basis of generalization of broad international research approached framework regarding the analysis of populist tax policy, the definition of tax populism is proposed. The reasons for the prevailing influence of right populism on the current tax policy in Ukraine. Introduced concept of elaboration of sustainable system of institutional and organizational-analytical measures grounded on the modernization of institutes of general public interest in the field of development and strengthening of political process coordination and economic policy. Conclusions. Generalized scientific, informational, analytical and statistical data about the objective essence of economic and tax populism growing tendencies in the world as well as danger of right-wing tax populism in the Ukraine.
