我国银行业格局已从集中发展态势进入结构性竞争时代.基于我国29个省区市(不含港澳台、海南省和西藏自治区)的平衡面板数据,构建动态面板模型,运用SYS-GMM分析,实证检验了以银行网点扩张为表征的结构性竞争对实体经济增长的影响.研究表明,银行结构性竞争对实体经济增长具有显著的促进效应.分产业检验表明,银行结构性竞争对第二产业和第三产业具有更为显著的正向影响.非线性检验显示,随着银行结构性竞争的进一步加剧,竞争与实体经济增长间呈现出显著的倒"U"形增长特征.通过深化银行业市场改革、完善中小银行治理、注重央地协同监管以及强化各类银行比较优势等举措,引导并推动各类银行主体从数量型竞争向质量型竞争转变,以最大化发挥银行结构性竞争的正外部性效应.
Promoting the high-quality development of consumer credit reporting industry is conducive to enhancing financial inclusion,promoting the effective operation of financial system,and contributing to the high-quality development of the overall economy.According to World Bank,China's consumer credit reporting industry is faced with strategic risk,operational risk,cyber risk,model risk,reputation risk,legal risk,and compliance risk.Credit reporting institutions should promote product and technology innovation to cope with market competition,improve technical level of personnel,update the infrastructure of credit reporting,and promote the continuity of business.Credit reporting institutions should also strengthen cyber security management and enhance responsiveness to risks,improve the transparency,explainability and fairness of models,strengthen data security and privacy protection,improve the dispute resolution mechanism,fulfill compliance obligations in accordance with laws and regulations,and improve the integrity of risk management measures.
On the basis of elaborating the mechanism of the coordinated development between finance and technology innovation,the evaluation system of the coupling coordination degree of the finance and technology innovation system is established.Based on the entropy weight method and the coupling coordination degree model,the coupling coordination status of the finance and technology innovation system in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021 is empirically analyzed.The results show:among the evaluation indexes of the finance and technology innovation system,the number of employees in finance,the depth of insurance,the proportion of technology expenditure and the three kinds of patent grants have greater weight;The overall development level of finance and innovation shows an increasing trend.The coupling coordination degree of finance and technology innovation system shows an increasing trend,and the coordination level develops from severe imbalance to good coordination.In view of this,policy suggestions are put forward to promote the coordinated development of the finance and technology innovation system and the legal risks of supervision are proposed.Meanwhile,a regulatory sandbox system is introduced to promote the coupling coordinated development of the two subsystems at a higher level and reduce the legal risks of financial technology innovation.
In the digital era,the innovative development of finance has put forward higher requirements for the circulation and transaction of credit data elements.In order to cultivate a compliant and orderly service environment for credit data elements,based on blockchain technology,this paper explores the path to build an integrated credit data element circulation and transaction system that adapts to the development of the digital economy.By establishing a trusted circulation mechanism for credit data elements,building a blockchain credit data sharing platform,constructing a trusted transaction service model for multi-party collaboration,and creating a compliant and efficient market operating environment,the orderly circulation and transaction of data elements can be achieved.Based on the successful practice of"Quancheng Chain",this paper proposes innovative ideas for building a provincial-level blockchain credit platform to build a new ecology of credit services in the digital era.
The"individual right"and"social obligation"of credit constitute the logical premise of legalization of credit right.When the credit right is legalized,the two-dimensional legal right basis of credit,the limited object capacity of credit right and the overload of the content require by the ontological right to credit,fundamentally affect the legal expression and nature orientation of credit right,and the logical presupposition of"credit right theory"in previous credit legalizations have increasingly troubled the legal definition of credit right.The certainty of the two-dimensional legal right mechanism of credit makes it necessary to rectify and position credit as a"compound right and obligation"(credit belongs to both rights and obligations).In the post-codification era,based on the nature of the"compound right and obligation"of credit,it is necessary to micro-adjust the content composition of the three-dimensional power of"retention-utilization-maintenance"of credit right,and systemically construct the"credit foundation obligation structure"with the prevention obligation and the exclusion obligation as the core,and the"credit derivative obligation structure"with the compulsory maintenance obligation as the internal.
The rapidly changing information technology and financial technology have put forward higher requirements for the legal regulation of the cross-border flow of personal financial data.The theories of data sovereignty,data security,and bounded rationality form the jurisprudential basis for the legal regulation of cross-border flow of personal financial data.By grasping the trend of international law governance of cross-border flow of personal financial data and analyzing the characteristics of the financial data governance system in different jurisdictions,this paper will provide empirical reference for the improvement of China's legal regulation of cross-border flow of personal financial data.Countermeasure suggestions are put forward from the perspectives of value orientation,regulatory subject,extraterritorial effectiveness,and international cooperation,so as to make the operation of China's financial data governance system more scientific and standardized.
《征信》为中国人民银行直属事业单位——中国人民银行郑州培训学院主办的兼顾理论与实务的刊物,是全国中文核心期刊、中国人文社会科学期刊AMI综合评价(A刊)核心期刊、RCCSE中国核心学术期刊、人大复印报刊资料重要转载来源期刊、《中国学术期刊影响因子年报》统计源期刊.
诚信社会建设是社会治理的重要内容,而传统文化则在诚信社会建设中发挥着独特的作用.基于此,首先阐释了当代诚信社会建设的意义,继而聚焦传统文化中的诚信文化元素,从哲学、史学、文学三个维度对传统诚信文化进行剖析,比较传统诚信文化相对于当代诚信文化的差别,最终提出传统文化在当代诚信社会建设中的创造性运用策略.
With the development of credit as an important means for the government to realize the modernization of social governance,credit assessment and early warning of enterprises have become particularly important.Taking the seriously untrustworthy enterprises that entered the"blacklist"of Zhejiang Province's joint credit punishment as the prediction target,a common enterprise credit early warning index system is constructed,and the LightGBM model is built for prediction which has achieved accurate results.Empirical evidence shows that the correlation between whether an enterprise is seriously untrustworthy and several factors were different:the enterprise's historical performance was the strongest,followed by industry factors and basic enterprise factors,and regional factors was weakest.Finally,the important characteristics of regional factors,industry factors,and enterprise factors are analyzed to further explain the changes in the probability of enterprise untrustworthiness under different characteristics.
The rise of the joint punishment system for dishonesty has reignited disputes over"faith".To study the"faith"in the joint punishment system for dishonesty,it is necessary to first clarify the logical relationship between the joint punishment system for dishonesty,the principle of integrity and the social credit system.The viewpoint that the"faith"maintained by the joint punishment system for dishonesty is not related to integrity in the legal sense is distorted;Secondly,it is necessary to clarify the scope of the concept of"faith",just as"faith"in the legal field and"faith"in the social field are easily confused;Finally,the"faith"should be systematically measured in the overall relationship network composed of factors such as the construction of an honest society and social credit legislation.
三重授权原则是我国法院在数据不正当竞争纠纷中进行的司法创造,但由于数据特性及立法缺失,三重授权原则在判断范式、数据分类和利益衡量上仍有待完善."数据二十条"提出以数据分类分级确权使用健全数据权益保护.数据司法应以此为契机,以公共政策法院为立场,实现由三重授权原则到分类分级保护的路径迭代:摒弃权利范式而采用行为范式,通过数据"三权分置"实现数据利益;以数据集合和数据产品为标准进行数据类型化界定,实现类型化数据利益的识别与界定;以利益层级完善数据利益衡量,将数据安全、数据流通作为基本价值准则,实现个人与企业数据权益的均衡保护.
This paper analyzes the main influencing factors of dishonest behavior of college students,discusses the psychological harm that dishonest behavior may cause to college students,and holds that strengthening honesty education is beneficial to college students'mental health and can promote the cultivation of honesty quality of college students.Then it puts forward some countermeasures to optimize college students'honesty education from the perspective of psychology:strengthen the mental health education of college students,attach importance to the cultivation of college students'honesty psychological character and positive emotional experience,strengthen the honesty cognition of college sludents,promote the formation of positive personality of college students,create a good social environment,and then build a perfect social integrity system.
The sharing of agricultural digital credit is of great significance in improving the level of rural financial services.This paper constructs an evolutionary game model for rural commercial banks,village banks,and local financial regulatory authorities to explore the generation mechanism of agricultural digital credit sharing.The research findings are as follows:the evolution process of the generation mechanism of agricultural digital credit sharing is influenced by the choice of game players'strategies and their respective interests.Reducing the cost of sharing agricultural digital credit among rural banks,increasing the incentive for local financial regulatory authorities to reward rural banks,and enhancing the incentive for superior financial regulatory authorities to motivate local financial regulatory authorities can accelerate the achievement of the agricultural digital credit sharing mechanism.There is an effective threshold for the incentive strength of local financial regulatory authorities and the decrease in the cost of sharing digital credit.
目前我国个人征信信息保护立法明显滞后,信用权没有作为独立的权利种类以法定形式确立,而是被列入名誉权保护范畴之下.通过名誉权对信用权进行保护具有诸多局限性,个人征信侵权案件存在侵权行为和责任认定不明确、裁判结果"同案不同判"等问题.因此,在立法层面要进一步完善顶层设计,将信用权作为一项独立权利列入《民法典·人格权编》,统一个人征信侵权案件的民事责任认定标准,为信用权受损的司法责任认定问题提供裁判指引,保护公民的合法权益和市场交易的安全稳定.
基于我国2005-2021年所有非金融A股上市公司数据,通过构建因子模拟组合得到主要基本面因子的风险溢价,并利用合成指数法和Bry-Boschan法对2006年7月至2022年12月的宏观经济周期进行划分,重点分析不同经济状态下基本面因子风险溢价的均值和显著性变化.研究发现:(1)我国宏观经济周期整体呈现"扩张期短、收缩期长"的特征;(2)基本面因子的风险溢价显著水平存在较大差异;(3)宏观经济扩张或收缩会对部分基本面因子的风险溢价造成明显影响;(4)在国内股票市场通过基本面因子筛选构建量化投资组合可以获得超额收益,而减少组合头寸调整频度与幅度,有利于实现长期盈利.
数字经济的发展离不开信用机制的支撑.数字经济时代,企业信用管理数字化是企业参与数字经济建设、应对信用监管的必然要求,是加强企业经营能力、提升信用管控能力的迫切需要.在信用管理数字化过程中,企业面临信用管理体系不完善、信用管理意识薄弱、缺乏信用管理沟通机制、信息化发展滞后、数字化进程缓慢等问题.建议企业信用管理数字化实施"一三五步走"发展战略,即构建贯穿事前事中事后的全链条数字化信用管理机制,达到全业务覆盖、全链条控制、全过程跟踪,实现对企业信用风险的闭环管控.
按照征信体系建设的有关要求,2022年以来实施的陕西省信用能力提升工程,推动了信用信息覆盖面的不断扩大,切实提高了金融服务水平,有效提升了融资对接成效,不断优化了信用环境.目前,陕西省信用建设仍存在涉企信用信息归集共享不够全面、特色征信产品应用场景不够丰富、中小微企业信用意识有待加强等问题.因此,需要加强企业信用建设,实现信用信息共享,多方协同参与,创新应用场景,提升小微企业融资获得感,切实提高陕西省信用能力提升工程质效.
企业违法违规后由于受到市场声誉惩罚,信贷融资通常会规模降低、成本提高,但对社会公共利益的违法违规,市场声誉惩罚可能失灵.以我国2010-2019年间环保严重违法失信的A股上市公司为样本,理论分析并实证检验我国失信联合惩戒制度信贷融资效应的有效性和可能存在的局限.实证结果表明:(1)失信联合惩戒制度实施之前,企业银行贷款和债券融资不受环保违法失信负面影响;(2)失信联合惩戒制度实施之后,企业银行贷款受环保违法失信影响而显著减少;(3)失信联合惩戒制度实施之后,企业债券融资受环保违法失信影响平均为负但并不显著;(4)我国失信联合惩戒制度在信贷融资方面产生了积极效应,缓解了市场声誉惩罚失灵问题.
"大数据+征信"的理念为我国个人信用体系建设提供了新思路.通过文献梳理,厘清了社交网络大数据环境下个人征信研究的思路,以社交网络作为平台系统探讨大数据环境下个人征信存在的问题,提出了加强征信法规制度建设、细化个人征信数据使用边界、优化征信信息有效供给、界定数据标准和数据范围、加强个人信息安全保护等解决方案.
在实施乡村振兴战略的背景下,作为服务"三农"主力军的农村商业银行,推动数字化转型、实现高质量发展是未来发展趋势.然而,农村商业银行在数字化转型过程中,面临顶层设计欠缺、数据治理困难、信息共享不畅、人才支撑不足等问题.分析我国农村商业银行数字化发展的现状与动因,明确农村商业银行数字化转型面临的问题和挑战,最后提出针对性的数字化转型建议.
