Objective To preliminarily study the blood perfusion and ammonia metabolism of pituitary using dynamic 13 N-NH_3 PET imaging. Methods 13 N-NH_3 PET imaging was performed on 21 subjects without pituitary diseases, 6 of them underwent dynamic PET imaging, and 8 of them underwent brain MRI in addition to PET. PET images were registered with MRI. Results The pituitary could be clearly seen in 13 N-NH_3 PET images, and being confirmed by PET/MRI image fusion. The size of pituitary was (1.07±0.17) cm×(1.09±0.15) cm×(1.14±0.17) cm, the standard uptake value (SUV) was 3.84±1.75, and the radioactivity ratio of pituitary to thalamus was 1.35±0.63. Pituitary image was seen at 10 s after the internal carotid was seen in dynamic 13 N-NH_3 PET imaging. 13 N-NH_3 was retained in pituitary, and was hardly cleaned out within 20 min. The radioactivity ratio of pituitary to internal carotid was 0.75±0.13 when the radioactivity of internal carotid was at its highest level. Conclusions The blood flow and ammonia metabolism of pituitary can be observed with dynamic 13 N-NH_3 PET imaging. Ammonia is highly extracted by pituitary, and metabolized in pituitary cells.
Objective To evaluate bone lesions using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and explore if dynamic and quantitative PET data may help to differentiate benign lesions from malignant masses. Methods A group of forty patients with primary bone lesions were studied. The final diagnosis was confirmed with histopathology. A dynamic acquisition of FDG PET with the duration over 60 min was undertaken in all subjects. From the dynamic PET images the indexes such as average and maximal standardized uptake value ( SUV ), tumor SUV-to-muscle SUV ratios ( T/M ), and SUV at 60 min-to- SUV at 30 min ratio ( SUV aver 60/30 min and SUV max 60/30 min) were produced. Patlak graphical analysis were used to obtain influx constant (K i) and metabolic rate of FDG (MRFDG) was thus calculated. Based on the receiver operation characteristic curve the sensitivity and specificity for each parameter in differentiation between malignant and benign lesions was evaluated. Results The histologic results revealed there were 21 cases with malignant tumors and 19 with benign lesions in this group. The MRFDG and SUV indexes in malignant lesions were significantly higher than those in benign lesions. However, each index showed a considerable overlap between benign and malignant type. Average SUV positively correlated with MRFDG (r=0.67).When use of a 1.8 cutoff for average SUV, the sensitivity and specificity for discrimination of malignancy from benignity were 85.0% and 82.4%, respectively. MRFDG showed a similar sensitivity (82.4%) and a better specificity (92.9%). When evaluated with a cutoff from the combination of average SUV (1.8) and SUV aver 60/30 min (1.1), the specificity was improved to 93.3% with a small reduction of sensitivity (81.3%) compared with using SUV exclusively. Conclusions The results indicate that detectable difference in glucose metabolism exists between malignant and benign skeletal lesions. It may not be feasible to use exclusively the static FDG uptake indexes to achieve a sufficient differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. Quantitative dynamic imaging may provide more helpful information, but a conclusive description may not be given from the pr-esent study. It may be an alternative and interesting approach to use the uptake indexes retrieved from dynamic imaging to evaluate bone lesions.
Objective The imaging results and its false positive and false negative cases were analysed by semi-quantitative method in order to evaluate the value of 99Tc m-MIBI imaging for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules objectively. Methods The imaging results of 269 cases, which was confirmed by pathology or biopsy,were analysed. The uptake ratio (UR) of T/N was calculated at 5 and 60 min after 99Tc m-MIBI injection. The false positive and false negative imaging results were analysed. Results The UR value of 162 cases of benign group was 0.806±0.192 and 0.847±0.189, respectively at the time of 5 and 60 min, whereas 107 cases of malignant group was 1.839±0.734 and 1.675±0.551, respectively.There was a significant UR difference between two groups at two time points(P0.001). Using the +s of benign group UR as diagnostic threshold, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 99Tc m-MIBI imaging for the thyroid nodules was 89.24%, 93.82% and 87.36%, respectively. The false positive and false negative rate was 15.78% and 12.09%. The positive and negative prognostic value was 77.57% and 93.83%. Conclusions The benign and malignant thyroid nodules can be differentiated primarily with 99Tc m-MIBI semi-quantitative imaging. But it has no specificity for various thyroid neoplasms. The thyroid adenomas and multinodular goiter have a slightly higher rate of false positive. So the imaging results must be analysed carefully and the blood imaging and clinical information should be referred to.
To estimate the value of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in diagnosis and treatment of children with chest diseases. Methods From May 1997 to October 2001, forty-one children (25 boys and 16 girls) with chest diseases recieved VATS under gene??????????????????? Key words: Child; Thoracic disease; Surgical procedures,endoscopic; Thoracoscopy
Objective To find a radioimmunoassay(RIA) method of adrenomedullin (ADM) and its clinical applications. Methods The serum ADM antibody was prepared. ADM was labelled by the chloramine-T method. Concentration of serum ADM of coronary heart disease, hypertension patients and normol subjects was measured with this RIA method. The uptakes of 125 I-ADM of different tissues of mice were measured six hours after intravenous 125 I-ADM administration. Results The results showed that the concentrations of serum ADM in coronary heart disease, hypertension patients was significantly higher than that in normol subjects.From higher to lower,the order of 125 I-ADM uptakes in different tissues was as follows: kidney,lung, angioendothelial, pancreatic,brain,and smooth muscle tissue.The concentration of ADM in the supernatants of mouse angioendotheliocyte and smooth muscle cell cultures at different intervals were 46.54 ng/L and 6.71 ng/L and the highest value is at 24 h. Conclusions RIA-ADM can offer a reliable method for study,diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease,hypertension in clinical practising.
Objective: To develop {sup 18}F-N-3-fluoropropyl-2-{beta}-carbomethoxy-3-{beta}-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ({sup 18}F-{beta}-FP-CIT) as dopamine transporter imaging agent. Methods: The labelling of {sup 18}F-{beta}-FP-CIT was performed via a two-step synthesis. The {sup 18}F-fluoropropyl bromide was prepared through a nucleophilic substitution by the use of the aminopolyether potassium complex (K/K222){sup +18}F{sup -} as a phase-transfer reagent, and then by N-fluoroalkylation of 2-{beta}-carbomethoxy-3-{beta}-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (nor-{beta}-CIT) with {sup 18}F-fluoropropyl bromide the {sup 18}F-{beta}-FP-CIT was formed. Contents and analytical methods of quality control for {sup 18}F-{beta}-FP-CIT were investigated and the main quality criteria were achieved through strict control of the determining parameters by standard procedures. Results: The mean overall radiochemical yield from starting {sup 18}F-fluoride was about 8%, the total radiochemical synthesis time was about 90-110 min, and the radiochemical purity was better than 99% by HPLC and TLC. Tests on sterility and apyrogenicity of {sup 18}F-{beta}-FP-CIT obtained by standard procedures were negative, and tests on other main quality criteria met the requirements of the local pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: {sup 18}F-{beta}-FP-CIT injection can be used in the animal and human PET study.
Objective Assessment of correlation between 99 Tc m-MIBI uptake and some prognostic factors of breast cancer. The following prognostic factors were included in this study: axillary node involvement, grading of tumor with WHO standard, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), oestrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) status, c-erbB-2 antigen expression and p53 protein. Methods Forty-four patients were enrolled in this study confirmed as with primary breast cancers. Mean age of the patients was 54.9 years. Scintimammography was performed after intravenous injection of 740～1 110 MBq of 99 Tc m-MIBI. At 5～10 min after injection standard planar images were obtained in anterior supine and prone lateral views. Assessment of correlation between the known prognostic factors of breast cancer and the uptake of MIBI (evaluated as a tumor to mirror normal ratio, T/N ratio was performed using non-parametric (Kendalltau correlation) statistical analysis. Results There was positive correlation between T/N ratio 99 Tc m-MIBI and the grade of the breast tumor ( r=0.446,P =0.001),presence of axillary node involvement ( r=0.224,P =0.038), the grade of PCNA ( r=0.323, P= 0.004) and also the status of c-erbB-2 antigen expression ( r=0.332, P=0.0 04), respectively. The remaining prognostic factors showed no obvious correlation with T/N ratio 99 Tc m-MIBI. T/N ratio of breast cancer of grade Ⅰ～Ⅲ were 1.24±0.13,1.42±0.18 and 1.61±0.30, respectively. There was statistical significance between T/N ratio of grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅲ, P =0.001. T/N ratio of with/ without involvement of axillary nodes was 1.54±0.24 and 1.39±0.23, P =0.026. Conclusions Patients who presented with high grade of malignancy had higher uptake of radiotracer. Also those with higher uptake of radiotracer often had axillary node involvement. This would suggest that more aggressive tumors have higher uptake of 99 Tc m-MIBI. Finally, this study suggests correlation between in vivo uptake of 99 Tc m-MIBI and some of the known prognostic factors of breast cancer.
Objective To investigate the biodistribution of 99 Tc m-4,9-diaza-3,3,10,10-tetramethyldodecan-2,11-dione dioxime (HL91) in rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods Thirty-one MCAO rats were established. Fourteen rats were used to study the biodistribution of 99 Tc m-HL91 and 15 rats were used to study the distribution of 99 Tc m-HL91 in the brain of MCAO model rats. Autoradiographic study of brain was also done in 16 MCAO model rats. Results The liver and kidney retention were higher than that in other tissues. At 1 h after injection, small intestine retention was also high.But radioactivity in normal brain was low. Retention in target site was higher than that in non-target site. Difference between subgroups of operation and that of pseudo-operation was significant( P 0.05 to P 0.001). Regional selective retention of 99 Tc m-HL91 at the target-ischemic area was shown in the autoradiograph. By using computer-enhanced image analysis, difference between target site and non-target site in the same autoradiograph and the differences between operation subgroups and that of pseudo-subgroups were all significant via Dunnett t -test and One-Way ANOVA. Conclusions 99 Tc m-HL91 can be avidly taken up by ischemic penumbra and target/non-target ratio is high. 99 Tc m-HL91 is a potential agent for hypoxic tissue imaging, and 99 Tc m-HL91 SPECT is a promising modality in detecting the ischemic penumbra.
Objective To investigate regional blood flow (RBF) and metabolism changes in the short- and long-term after bone irradiation injury. Methods The tibia of the rabbits on the right side was irradiated with 60 Co γ ray at a dose of 30 Gy. The tibia on the other side was taken as the control. RBF measurement, perfusion imaging and delayed bone imaging were respectively performed at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th and 52nd week after the irradiation. Results The RBF of injured side gradually increased after irradiation, and reached as two times as the level of the control at the 3rd week, and approached to the similar values on both sides at the 6th week, and then became only 27.8% of the value of the control at the 52nd week, the differences of RBF between two sides at all phases were significant or very significant( P 0.05～0.01). Time-activity curve of perfusion imaging on irradiated side was apparently higher than that on control side at the 3rd week after irradiation and slightly higher at the 6th week, began to decrease at the 12th week and was only about 25% of the value of the control at the 52nd week. The region of interest (ROI) counts of damaged side on delayed bone imaging was obviously increased in comparison with control side at the 3rd week( P 0.01), there was no difference between both sides at the 6th week ( P 0.05), the ROI counts markedly decreased at the 12th week and very significantly declined at the 52nd week on irradiated side. Conclusions The study shows that the RBF increases and bone metabolism is activated at irradiated side in the earlier stage after irradiation, and both regional microcirculation and bone metabolism significantly decrease in the medium and late stage.
Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of using monoclonal antibody ~ 99Tc~m-2F 7F(ab′) 2 segment against small cell lung cancer in radioimmunoscintigraphic study. Methods Eighteen lung cancer patients were included and a dosage of ~ 99Tc~m-2F 7F(ab′) 2 of 1～2 mg(1 110 MBq) was iv.injected. The anterior and posterior chest planar imaging and tomographic scan were performed after 7～8 h, the same planar scan was repeated after 24 h. The scan results were compared with the chest radiography, and the result was considered positive if the counts rate between the focus and the contrary area (T/N) on images was more than 1.2. Results During the scanning after injection and the subsequent follow-up, no side effects were found in the 18 patients. The 9 cases of small cell lung cancer that had not received any treatment or were receiving chemotherapy in the meantime showed positive results. Five patients had undergone chemotherapy for more than 10 d or several times, among them 4 cases with positive images showed poor clinical effectiveness, the remaining 1 case with negative images had a better therapeutic efficiency. Two adenocarcinoma and 1 squamous cell carcinoma patients had negative images and another adenocarcinoma patient had positive images. The T/N value after 24 h was higher than that after 7～8 h. Conclusions The radioimmunoscintigraphy with monoclonal antibody 2F 7F(ab′) 2 segment against small cell lung cancer showed highly positive results without any side effects. The result indicates that this method could be applied in clinical practice.
Objective To investigate the effects of the different levels of 131 I and 99 Tc m background in the body on bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods To compare the BMDs before and 3 h after oral 131 I 370 kBq and 3, 24 h after intravenous injection of 99 Tc mO - 4 185 MBq. The BMDs of the forearm, lumbar vertebrae 2～4 (L 2～4 ), right femoral neck, Ward's triangle of 35 subjects were measured four times (before and after the administration of the two radioactive tracers using in thyroid imaging) by Sophos XRA instrument made in France. The results were defined as 131 I 3 h, 99 Tc m 3, 24 h group and control group. Results As compared with the control group, the BMD of L 2～3 , Ward's triangle in 99 Tc m 3 h group were significantly increased by 13.2%, 6.2%, 10.7% ( P 0.05). The increase of BMD of Ward's triangle was positively correlated with the counts of background ( r=0.870, P 0.01). The order of the increases of BMDs was L 2, Ward's triangle, L 3. There was no significant difference among the BMDs of forearm, neck and L 4 in 99 Tc m 3 h group and all BMDs in 99 Tc m 24 h? 131 I 3 h group and control group ( P 0.05). Conclusion The accuracy of BMD in DXA is effected by 99 Tc m for thyroid imaging, but not by 131 I for routine thyroid uptake test.
Objective To evaluate the value of radioimmunoimaging in detecting pulmonary thrombosis and distinguishing the fresh and old thrombi. Methods The model of pulmonary thrombosis was made in 7 dogs. Radioimaging and quantitative radioactive analysis were performed by γ-camera and computer system after 99 Tc m-SZ-51 was injected. Results The pulmonary thrombi were showed by γ camera at 1 h after injection. Quantitative analysis figured out the ratios of radioactive uptake of the thrombus to surrounding lung tissue were 2.8±0.6 in vivo imaging, 3.5±1.2 in isolated lung imaging and 17.5±1.3 in unit weight of the thrombus. The higher uptake was found in the fresh pulmonary thrombus compared with that in the old thrombus. Conclusion 99 Tc m-SZ-51 radioimmunoimaging is an available and highly potential approach for detecting pulmonary thrombosis and distinguishing the fresh and old thrombi.
目的评价125I-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(UdR)对肝癌细胞HepG2生长的抑制作用及影响因素.方法 HepG2细胞在含有125I-UdR培养基中培养后测量其放射性,观察HepG2细胞对125I-UdR的摄取;用细胞克隆形成法评价125I-UdR对HepG2细胞生长的抑制作用.结果 HepG2摄取125I-UdR量随培养基中125I-UdR浓度增加而增加,两者显著相关(r=0.99).HepG2对125I-UdR的摄取明显高于Na125I.HepG2细胞摄取125I-UdR后其生长受到抑制,两者呈明显负相关(r=-0.943),半数致死剂量(LD50)为(0.87±0.29) kBq/mL.125I-UdR组细胞存活分数明显低于Na125I组.结论 125I-UdR对HepG2细胞生长有明显抑制作用,HepG2细胞摄取125I-UdR量有浓度依赖性.
Objective The preliminary studies of the multimodality image registration and fusion were performed using picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and image fusion software to explore the methodology. Methods The original image volume data were acquired with Siemens Somatom Plus S CT scanner, Magneton Vision 1.5T MR and E.CAM + dual-head coincidence SPECT, respectively. The data sets from all imaging devices were acquired, retrieved, transferred and accessed via DICOM PACS. The image fusion was performed at SPECT ICON work-station, where the medical image merge (MIM)fusion software was installed. The images were created by reslicing original volume on the fly. The image volumes were aligned by translation and rotation of these view ports with respect to the original volume orientation. The transparency factor and contrast were adjusted in order that both volumes can be visualized in the merged images. Results The image volume data of CT, MR and nuclear medicine were transferred, accessed and loaded via PACS successfully. The perfectly fused images of brain MR/SPECT and chest CT/ 18 F-FDG were obtained. Conclusions The results showed that the image fusion technique using PACS was feasible and practical. Further experimentation and larger validation studies are needed to explore the full potential of the clinical use.
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and regional wall motion measured by gated SPECT with dual isotope[~ 99Tc~m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) and ~ 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)] simultaneous acquisition (DISA). Methods Seventy-seven patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent ~ 99Tc~m-MIBI/~ 18F-FDG myocardial gated SPECT with DISA using a dual-head SPECT system equipped with ultra-high-energy collimators. LVEF obtained by gated SPECT was measured using a commercially available software. Contrast left ventriculography (LVG) was performed as well in 53 patients separately from myocardial SPECT within (6.0±8.6) d apart from each other. Results LVEF was (38.3±13.6)% obtained by~ 99Tc~m-MIBI, (39.5±13.5)% by ~ 18F-FDG, respectively. Correlation between LVEF measured by ~ 99Tc~m-MIBI and ~ 18F-FDG gated SPECT was excellent (r=0.90,P0.001). Both LVEFs determined by ~ 99Tc~m-MIBI (r=0.86,P0.001) and ~ 18F-FDG (r=0.85, P0.001) gated SPECT correlated well to that determined by contrast ventriculography. Correlation of regional wall motion measured by LVG with that come from gated SPECT of both isotopes was good with the Kappa value being 0.765 (~ 99Tc~m-MIBI) and 0.742 (~ 18F-FDG), respectively. Conclusions Left ventricular global and regional function can be accurately measured using ~ 99Tc~m-MIBI/~ 18F-FDG myocardial gated SPECT with DISA. It is thus feasible to obtain the information about left ventricular myocardial perfusion, metabolism and function simultaneously.
Objective To comprehensively mark the treatment of hyperthyroidism with 131 I and antithyroid drugs(ATD) and to quantitatively assess the advantages and the disadvantages of them. Methods In two therapeutic methods of hyperthyroidism those being cured were marked 0,those getting better were marked 1,those remaining unchanged were marked 2. After treatment the patients demonstrated ophthalmopathy or more severe ophthalmopathy,hyperthyroid heart disease, liver function damage and leukopenia were marked 2,those showed temporary hypothyroidism and permanent hypothyroidism were marked 1,2,respectively.Those who had a relapse of the disease after being cured were marked 2.Both individual kinds of marks and total marks were compared. Results The total mark of group treated with 131 I was 319,and the average mark was 1.39;the total mark of group treated with ATD was 569,and the average mark was 2.20,the difference between the two groups was significant ( P 0.001).The incidences of ophthalmopathy of the two groups were not significantly different,but in improving ophthalmopathy the ATD excelled 131 I( P 0.05).The patients treated with 131 I contracted hypothyroidism more often than those treated with ATD( P =0.001).The patients cured with 131 I their hyperthyroidism relapse obviously less occurred than in those cured with ATD.In the patients treated with 131 I the incidences of hyperthyroid heart disease, liver function damage, leukopenia and so on were less than in those treated with ATD( P 0.001). Conclusions 131 I therapy excels the ATD in treatment of the patients with hyperthyroidism. Although there is certain incidence of hypothyroidism, ophthalmopathy and so on after 131 I treatment, its total curative effect is better than that of ATD.
ObjectiveTo explore significance associated relation between the content of tumor necrosis factor(TNF), endothelin(ET), nitric oxide(NO) and endothelial cell structure of placenta and cord vessels with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). MethodsSeventeen normal-term pregnant women (the control group) and 41 pregnant women with PIH were enrolled in the study. The concentrations of TNF, ET and NO in plasma were measured both before and after delivery. The endothelial cell structure of placenta and umbilical cord blood vessels were studied with electron microscope. Results①The TNF, ET levels in plasma of the patients with PIH were generally higher than that in the controls before delivery, especially in the moderate and severe PIH cases. The NO level was lower than that in the controls before delivery. ②The damage of endothelial cells of placenta and umbilical cord blood vessels was observed. This damage related to the level of plasma TNF and ET. ConclusionsOur study demonstrated an increase of TNF and ET level in patients with PIH. The results may show an abnormal maternal immune reaction to the fetus, and the damage of endothelial cell would then be caused. Therefore, an abnormal higher TNF level may have an effect on the pathogenesis of PIH.
Objective To evaluate the effect of aging and scopolamine (Sco) induced amnesia on central dopamine transporter (DAT), D 2 receptor in rats. Methods The 3 month old amnestic rat models were made by peritoneal injection of the muscarinic receptor antagonist Sco (5 mg/kg) for 10 d. Passive avoidance task was carried out to evaluate the recent learning and memory of rats. The biodistribution of ~ 125I-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β(4-iodophenyl)-tropan (~ 125I-β-CIT) and ~ 125I-s-3-iodo-N-(1-ethyl-2-pyrolidinyl)methyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamide (IBZM) in the brain was used to evaluate the DAT and D 2 receptor. Results During 10 d passive avoidance task testing, no difference was found for the first day among 3 month control, 26 month old and Sco group rats, on the 10th day the entry number of aged and Sco group rats was (1.33±0.82)/10 min, (3.00±0.63)/10 min, respectively, higher than that of the control rats (t was 5.682 and 6.372, respectively,P0.05). Decreased levels of ~ 125I-β-CIT binding were found in the striatum (ST), hippocampus (HIP) and frontal cortex (FC) of the aged and Sco group rats (t was 4.151,5.416,4.871,6.922,7.331 and 3.990, respectively,P0.05),the %ID/g of ~ 125I-β-CIT in FC for Sco group rats was lower than that of the old rats (t=4.136, P0.05). Decreased levels of ~ 125I-IBZM binding in ST was found in both Sco and old rats (t was 6.021 and 3.227, respectively,P0.05), the %ID/g of Sco group in HIP and FC were lower than that of the old group (t was 4.321 and 7.631, respectively,P0.05). Conclusions The blockade of M receptor by Sco induced the amnesia of 3 month old rats. The hypodopaminergic function, especially in the DAT and D 2 receptor, was found in ST, HIP and cortex of the aged and Sco group suggesting a gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in aged rats. The decreased levels of ~ 125I-β-CIT and ~ 125I-IBZM binding in cortex area might be responsible for the amnesia in the Sco group through the dopaminergic pathway of midbrain-frontal cortex.
ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic efficacy of attenuation and non-attenuation in tumor 18F-FDG SPECT-CT. MethodsForty-eight cases underwent 18F-FDG SPECT-CT. Among them, 41 were with malignant tumors (56 lesions) and 7 were with benign space occupying lesions (11 lesions). Reconstructed attenuation-corrected and uncorrected images were displayed and the FDG uptake in lesions and corresponding background areas (L/B) were evaluated by the region of interest method. Results[WAlthough the numbers of lesions were not different between attenuated-corrected and uncorrected images, the attenuated images were clearer than uncorrected ones. The average ratio of L/B of attenuation group was 5.28±3.51, higher than the ratio of L/B of non-attenuation group, 3.22±2.00. There was a linear correlation between L/B ratios calculated on attenuated and non-attenuated images (r=0.77, P0.01). ConclusionsAttenuation is worthwhile to use for the diagnosis of tumor. The ratio of L/B alone has its limitations to differentiate benignancy from malignancy.
