"译才并世数严林"再现了严复和林纾两人在中国近代翻译史中的重要地位."并世译才"因此广为流传,逐渐演变成一种公识.前贤时俊在探讨两人翻译时亦等同视之,未加区别.其实不然,二人虽同用文言翻译西方著述,追求行文之雅驯,但所用语言却有较大出入.通过比照严、林不同的语言风格,体察两人使用"固守"和"松动"的文言翻译方式,寻绎两人译作在翻译动机、目标读者、译介过程和文体类别中的差异,进而透视近代知识分子在欧风美雨席卷下呈现出的不同文化面相.
Subject is an indispensable part of translation criticism.Traditional research on translation criticism emphasizes the literary field and focuses on the text,and thus the subject of translation criticism is often divided into translators,readers,and scholars.However,it is inapplicable to the pragmatic translation where legal translation belongs.Studies on the subject of legal translation criticism illustrate some features of the subject in the pragmatic translation.This paper takes legal translation as an example to explore the identity and qualification of the subject in translation criticism,and argues that the subject of legal translation criticism involves a wide range of subjects,and its identity is different from that of literary translation criticism.Bilingual ability and professional knowledge cannot be considered as necessary requirements for the qualification in all types of translation criticism.Instead,adequate consideration should be given to the specific functions and purposes of translation criticism in light of subject's identity and qualification.
In the age of digital intelligence,the use of internet language has become increasingly diverse,which has significant implications for language security.This paper provides an overview of the theories related to internet language security,examines the challenges that arise from the development of artificial intelligence and internet language in the era of digital intelligence,and discusses their impact on China's political,technological,cultural,and educational fields.Furthermore,it elucidates the three paradigms of internet language security governance and proposes a path towards effective governance of internet language security.The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the establishment of a theoretical system for language security in China,facilitate the growth of language security science as a discipline,enhance the national language security risk monitoring and early warning capabilities,and provide valuable insights for national language security governance in the context of an overarching national perspective.
The relationship between cause and effect is ubiquitous in the objective world,including linguistic structures.The baseline/elaboration model of Cognitive Grammar shows its strong explanatory power for dynamic and sequential language phenomena.This paper adopts the baseline/elaboration model of Cognitive Grammar as a theoretical framework and explores the mechanism of meaning construction of cause and effect compound sentences in English and Chinese.It also analyzes the differences in terms of information distribution,degree of subjectivization,and pragmatic intentions.This study shows that English cause and effect compound sentences are more psychologically salient than Chinese ones with stronger subjectivity and logical characteristics.At the theoretical level,this paper indicates that the baseline/elaboration model can exert its potential explanatory power of syntactic constructions with seriality,summation and asymmetry,reducing the overemphasis on the grammatical structures in construction studies.
This paper gives a psychiatric analysis of the manic and depressive emotions of Isabel Archer,the heroine in James's masterpiece The Portrait of a Lady,and argues that though James shared not a few suppositions with the modern psychiatrists as to the reasons and symptoms of the manic and depressive emotions,yet as a novelist,he preferred the Stoic rationality and responsibility for the therapy.Thus the literary handling of the morbid emotions and the philosophical therapy not only indicate James's farsightedness in the field of psychiatry,but also show that literature as well as literary criticism and psychiatry could learn from each other and complement each other.
本研究采用眼动技术探讨自主学习能力对中国理工科大学生学术英语阅读与写作能力的影响.结果发现:高自主学习能力者阅读/写作能力显著高于低自主学习能力者,其阅读时的总注视次数、总注视时间、重读时间显著少于低自主学习能力者;写作时其平均眼跳幅度高,而回视次数、总注视次数低于低自主学习能力者.阅读显著正向预测写作,高自主学习能力负向调节阅读对写作的影响.研究表明自主学习能力越高,学生认知加工效率越高,更善于内化并运用文献阅读信息创造性地完成学术写作.
借助生态后现代主义思想及"经济人"概念的演变来看,《毒木圣经》一方面揭示了现代工业文明发展、资本全球化过程中从个体到国家多重层面"经济人"的自私、贪婪及消亡,另一方面呈现了几位女性人物的觉醒.她们起初依附"经济人"形象的父权制家长内森,但在与刚果土著居民的交往中,欣赏到了他们的土地智慧和生态伦理,遂萌生万物相关的生态意识,最终与独裁堕落的内森决裂,从对小我的关注走向对异质社群的关怀,从物质享乐回归生命本真,以不同途径走出了"生态人"的步伐,赢来了生命的重盛.小说中"经济人"及"生态人"迥然不同的命运走向对于当今世界走出现代性危机、走向共生互荣的地球共同体具有重要的现实意义.
雪莱诗学等英国浪漫主义诗学通常被认为是指向"艺术家"的"表现论",但雪莱诗文书信表明他一直奉行指向"读者"的"实用论"创作理念.正是"推进自由广泛的道德事业"这样的"实用论"创作"目的"决定了雪莱诗歌题材选择、语言选择及人物塑造的策略.雪莱诗学的"实用论"倾向既是他因承古希腊罗马以降"实用论"诗学传统的结果,也是他关切"忧郁和厌世"成为时代特征、"时尚文学"泛滥文学市场等社会文化症候的产物.将雪莱诗学重新厘定为"实用论",有助于揭示雪莱诗学与其社会文化批评思想之间的内在统一.
Cognitive linguistics explores the relationship between human language ability and cognitive processes,aiming to reveal the psychological cognitive mechanisms underlying the production,understanding,and use of human language.With the increasing development of theoretical and applied research in this discipline,its integrated application in foreign language education has gradually attracted the attention of many scholars.This article first elucidates the language perspective of cognitive linguistics from two dimensions:the perspective of second language acquisition and the perspective of foreign language teaching,highlighting the inevitability and feasibility of integrating cognitive linguistics into foreign language education.Then it introduces the current situation of the integrated application of cognitive linguistics in foreign language education,characterized by the application of theories such as categorization,prototype,and conceptual metaphor in the branches of foreign language education.Finally,this article points out the shortcomings of current research and looks forward to a new paradigm for the integration and application of cognitive linguistics in foreign language education,providing suggestions for the future development in this field.
莎士比亚戏剧之所以能够具有非凡的感染力并成为世界文学经典,很大程度上是因为其丰富的内涵,具有文体多样性、世俗性、多义性、幽默性、互文性和文化异质性等特征,呈现出莎剧卓尔不凡的独特风格.本研究尝试以莎翁的两部剧作《李尔王》和《温莎的风流娘儿们》为研究案例,以上述6种特征为着眼点,总结译者的翻译风格和译者行为及其背后成因,以期为莎剧翻译提供参考.
中俄跨境鄂温克语(埃文基语)目前处于濒危状态,存在语言使用领域缩减、代际传承中断、语言本体污染、转用强势语言、语言观念经济化、俄罗斯语言政策保障缺失等安全问题.建议坚持平衡的语言安全态度、树立多语意识、培养"冷门"多语人才、加大科学的语言研究和保护,以便保障鄂温克语(埃文基语)安全,发挥其交流工具、人文建构、经济支撑和安全维护功能.
To cope with the dangerous political conditions both home and abroad,Elizabethan government was on the way to an imperialized mode,with increasingly strengthened kinship threatening parliamentary democracy and citizens'freedom.James I proposed divine right of kings to argue for absolute monarchy,England therefore being in the state of sickness,and rebelling against tyranny seemed to be medicine to cure the king's body politic.In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar by Shakespeare,Brutus'melancholy deteriorated both for the dynamic change in body politic after murdering the king and for incomprehension of temporality and rhetoric of body politic.Consequently,the melancholy starting with rebellion against tyranny obtained an ambiguous meaning of being as a medicine or as a disease.This play associated Roman age of republic declining and empire rising with the 16th and 17th centuries England when kingship was increasingly intensified,conveying an anxiety towards the more divine and absolute kinship in the era of English imperialization through the narrative of Roman body politic crisis and the melancholy.
This study investigates the influence of productive vocabulary knowledge and working memory capacity on L2 oral fluency.114 intermediate-level English learners'oral production is collected through oral compositions,and their oral fluency is analyzed in terms of speed,breakdown,and repair.The results show that:1)productive vocabulary knowledge is significantly correlated with speed,breakdown,and repair;2)working memory capacity is significantly correlated with speed and failure,but not with repair;3)the constraints of working memory capacity on speed and breakdown can be mediated by productive vocabulary knowledge.These findings enrich our understanding of the role of vocabulary knowledge and cognitive resources in oral production.
The current Chinese-English alignment research mainly focuses on the optimization of alignment model,but some fundamental questions have not been answered systematically.This paper summarizes the existing alignment methods and puts forward three preconditions that need to be satisfied in alignment of bilingual sentences.It points out that Chinese-English alignment does not satisfy the three preconditions.Therefore,relevant workings should be carried out,including finding the appropriate language units for Chinese-English alignment,building the Chinese-English aligned corpus and automatic alignment model.
语言问题与国家安全紧密相关.巴基斯坦民族众多,语言丰富,但也存在诸多问题,包括作为民族意识塑造者身份出现的乌尔都语及其困境、导致东巴分裂的国语之争、滋生信德分离主义的信德语问题、英语撤而不退的矛盾地位以及旨在重新划省的瑟拉伊基语言运动等.通过分析这些问题可知,语言分布与行政区划大致接近造成族群身份认同强于国家认同,多次语言竞争是经济利益层面的问题得不到有效解决的另一种出路,而这些问题最终指向国家认同薄弱所导致的国家整合困局.
本文试图在浪漫主义医学的语境中重新定位济慈的诗歌.济慈学医的年代正值西方医学的转型期,文学和医学领域呈现出相互交叉的时代趋势,并极大地影响了济慈的诗歌创作和理念.浪漫主义医学所强调的外界刺激和身体可兴奋性之间的关系,构筑了济慈诗歌的具身化结构,也成为了展现书写者的身体强度起伏的窗口,并直接影响了其著名的消极感受力理论.消极感受力作为一种隐含的疾病书写,内置了一种病理学上的身体焦虑,同时也提供了对这种焦虑的想象性解决.
本研究从剖析洪业、宇文所安英译杜诗和伍德执导的BBC纪录片出发,结合二级传播模式与翻译文学经典化理论探究杜诗英译经典化的相关要素及运作机制.研究发现,意见领袖是经典化的核心要素,由个体性和机构性意见领袖组成,二者分别从文本内外两个层面对杜诗进行了本质性与建构性相结合的经典重构.在数代意见领袖的合作推动下,杜诗在英语世界得以被准确解读,东方莎翁这一文学形象得以建构,其经典性逐步确立、深化.研究从传播学视角解码了杜诗英译的经典化机制,尝试从跨学科视角为中国经典文学作品的国际传播提出新思路.
本文以独立后印度的语言政策与规划为研究对象,从微观与宏观两个维度分析印度语言政策与规划和国家安全之间存在的内外关联,探讨语言政策与规划的安全维度,以期进一步厘清语言和安全两大议题间的联系与限度,阐述语言安全视角下语言政策与规划的目标指向与价值意义,丰富语言政策与规划问题和语言安全问题的研究实践,同时为进一步了解和研究印度的语言、国家安全问题和社会状况提供新思路.
角色参照语法近年来不断得到国际学界的认可与推广.其多界面互动的表征框架可以有效地呈现双关的识解过程,为阐释双关型歇后语的幽默机制提供新思路与新工具.本研究发现:从无标记向有标记释义切换时,组合类双关歇后语的句法关系类型和语义关系类型从关系级阶的松散端转向紧密端分布;后部核心谓词的动词类型发生改变;实际焦点域有向句尾缩小的趋势.双关的识解过程揭示出幽默机制的运作过程,后部句子成分的动态组合是消解乖讹的关键.
在小说《圆屋》中,美国本土裔作家厄德里克书写了联邦印第安法律宰制下印第安人的矛盾情感反应,拷问了法律制度的殖民性,彰显出文学情感的政治动能.印第安人的情感矛盾缘于法律制度的不公,揭示了联邦印第安法律的内部殖民性,激发印第安人由被动的情感压抑转为主动的情感克制,寻求去殖民化的情感策略.通过情感书写,小说不仅呼吁法律改革的紧迫性,还强调转变对印第安人的文化态度是去殖民化的关键.
