This study investigates Howard Goldblatt’s translation of Wolf Totem and the consequent shifting of the ecological meanings by investigating a parallel corpus of Wolf Totem.It was found that 73.99% of the original content was translated, and the most common means of variation used by the translator was to omit whole sentences or paragraphs（26.01%）.A strong correlation between the translator’s extensive omission and the speech and thoughts of the protagonist, Chen Zhen, was demonstrated by Pearson’s correlation analysis（r=.989, p＜.001）.Combined with the most frequent word list, we confirmed that the abundant monologues and mental activities of Chen Zhen were one of the main targets of omission.Combining hierarchical clustering analysis with content analysis, we confirmed that the content of omission mainly includes 1) Chen Zhen’s life in taming the coyote, 2) the appreciation of the swan from Yangke’s perspective and his psychological shock of the swan being slaughtered by rural workers, and 3) Chen Zhen’s reflection on the relationship between ecology, nation, history and the world.The ecological implications of the novel reside in the intellectual maturation of the Beijing youth in the course of their life on the grassland, reflecting their identity transformation from grassland outsiders to herdsmen believing in “Wolf Totem”.Goldblatt’s omission accelerates the narrative pace and dilutes the implications of ecological holism, ecological naturalism and sustainable development embedded in the characters’ speeches and thoughts.
本文主要在分布式形态学的框架下讨论现代汉语的单语素词汇致使式.基于不同的句法语义表现,我们区分了两类词汇致使式,分别以"√开"和"√毁"为代表.在句法上,前者不允许致事主语被动化和回指,后者允许;在语义上,前者存在动词的歧义现象,后者不存在;在跨语言上,前者的句法表现与英语词汇致使式不同,后者与之相似.本文对上述现象提出如下解释:首先,"√开"类致使式的施事处于VoiceP但致事处于vP,而"√毁"类致使式施事与致事均处在VoiceP;其次,汉语词汇致使式复原义的显著性,与动词是否有歧义相关,而歧义一方面源于词根的不同句法实现方式,另一方面源于词根的语义变体.与此同时,该歧义也与使用频率的高低相关.最后,现代汉语跟古代汉语和英语在(反)致使式上不同的句法现象,来源于轻动词f是否具有[D]特征,该特征所允准的句法环境限制了语义变体的实现.
本文着重讨论了准定中结构是否与句中主动词发生句法关联的问题.文章认为准定中结构中的领有者与领有物是隐含谓词而非主动词的论元,该隐含谓词的语义由包括主动词在内的语境赋予.准定中结构的事件义由其中的名性范畴G决定.定语标记"的"像英语中的属格标记"'s"一样,是结构的前置核心.作为核心,它会阻止其补足语中的核心移出名词性短语,所以不采用动词核心移位推导准定中结构;作为前置核心,它也会阻止"的"的后附插入操作.补语作为动词的补足语,也要求准定中结构必须作为名词短语参与计算.准定中结构与重动句的相关性在于达成范畴会选择"S的O"与"SVO"充当役事.
Currently the few classic narratology-based translation criticisms are focused on the six aspects of point of view, speech/thought presentation, showing vs.telling, narrative time, unreliable narration and narrative distance, which still leaves much space for further exploration.Apparently, these cannot provide an all-around research frame for narratological criticism in literary translation.Using the methods of “interdisciplinary transplant” and “dialectical prescription plus description”, this paper tries to build a comprehensive model of narrative criticism in literary translation, which, besides the above-mentioned six aspects, incorporates another six aspects of narrative space, implied author, meta-narrative, legibility vs.readability, narrative structure, narrative function.Furthermore, detailed criticism points for each aspect are suggested.
Through self-paced reading paradigm, with arithmetic equations as the primes and English relative clauses as the target structures, this experimental study explored the cross-domain structural priming from arithmetic equations to English relative clauses in sentence reading comprehension by Chinese college English majors.The results of the two experiments show that high-attachment arithmetic equations processing facilitated the processing of high-attachment English relative clauses and low-attachment arithmetic equations processing facilitated the processing of low-attachment English relative clauses.These results indicate that there is cross-domain structural priming in L2 comprehension, and arithmetic equations may share abstract structural representation with L2 relative clauses.
