Although the development of the platform economy has given birth to a new employment mechanism,it does not mean that the shackles of gender inequality will be automatically lifted.This study joins the discussion on this issue through the platform labor research of"Huolala"female truck drivers.The analysis shows that gender-based occupational segregation is still being reproduced in the plat-form economy,arising from the platform's gendered body discipline,work environment that shelters gendered bias,and existence of risk with insecure situations.Nonetheless,women have also demonstrated their resilience in this male-dominated occupation,as research re-veals that female truck drivers resist by reframing the meaning of"toil,"tactically negotiating gendered norms,and leveraging the mes-sage of empowerment in media.Based on these findings,this study not only enriches the understanding of the dynamics of gender-based occupational segregation and gender inequality in the platform economy,but also highlights the impact of gender on labor precarity.
This article examines domestic services in Beijing between the 1980s and the mid-1990s to delineate the practice of"socializa-tion of domestic work"including its political,organizational and cultural underpinnings.It seeks to deepen our understanding of the changes in the relationships between production and reproduction since the start of market reforms in China.During this period,the state still held to the ideology of the collective era,affirming the public value of reproductive labor and endorsing a socialized approach to address the issue of domestic work.However,with the implementation of economic system reforms,the responsibility for social reproduction gradually shifted to private households.At the ideological level,the state maintained its moral responsibility for social reproduction,but its intervention shif-ted from centralized planned operations through work units to coordinated societal forces for the organization of domestic services.Women's Federation established the March Eighth Domestic Service Company to arrange for young rural women to enter urban households.This or-ganization of domestic service workforce represented a model of state-directed labor supply.Culturally,domestic work was overall projected as a form of mutual assistance.It was publicly recognized as a component in the socialist division of labour with values worthy of high ap-praisal.In daily practices,borrowing from a common expression of someone"helping out"with the urban family,the relationship between the rural domestic worker and her employer was rationalized through the cultural appropriation of the normal operation in the"family".
In the perspective of American law,the term"Battered women's syndrome"is mainly used to break the jury's stereotypical im-pression of gender and intimate relationships,and to prove that the defendant is reasonably convinced that they face imminent danger and need to self-defense.It does not subvert traditional legal doctrines,but rather incorporates a gender perspective into existing defense doc-trines.At the same time,the"Battered women's syndrome"faces criticism from a scientific perspective in terms of facts and criticism from feminism in terms of values.China needs to make critical and selective references.Although the concept of"Battered women's syn-drome"does not appear in the norms of our country,in fact,it has partially accepted the application of this theory in criminal justice,whether in the field of substantive law or evidence law.We should replace"Battered women's syndrome"with"Social investigation re-port on Battered women".This not only removes the pathological effects in the American concept,but also provides a more comprehen-sive understanding of the complexity of this phenomenon.At the same time,it is consistent with the existing"Social investigation report on minors"in China's criminal prosecution.
In Xiao Hong's novel writing in the 1940s,the images of the"left behind"in the war constituted a series of the most repre-sentative characters of the weak and vulnerable.As young men in the family stepped onto the battlefield,women,the elderly,and children who were left behind were plunged into huge wounds in life and emotions.Compared with the popular style of emotional writing in the early stages of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,Xiao Hong's writing focuses on the emotional experiences of the weak and vulnerable who were being excluded and belittled during the war,starting from the female experience.It not only critically reveals the cognitive frame of the"strong/weak"opposition behind the aggressive war,but also seeks to shape the"invisible"emotional experiences of the weak and vulnerable beyond the dominant aesthetic concepts in the early stages of the War of Resistance.With the recognition and reflection of her own wartime emotional experience,Xiao Hong's portrayal of the trauma of the"left behind"further reflects the emotional inversion of a female runaway.As a special emotional practice,Xiao Hong's writing provided a different emotional orientation,ethical atti-tude,aesthetic scheme,and political conviction beyond the dominant frames of war in the early 1940s.It furthermore sought a redistribu-tion of emotional legitimacy for women and all the weak and vulnerable in the fields of perception,aesthetics,and politics.The energy and limitations contained in this process are still worth exploring and reflecting on.
Based on a field investigation of self-employed construction workers in County Z,North China,this paper finds that the rapid expansion of the local real-estate industry in the context of county-level urbanization attracts migrant construction workers,who are oper-ating as couples and return to their hometowns for employment.In this process,female workers take advantage of this opportunity to es-tablish a new role as"coordinators".The study shows that the female workers coordinate the labor and operational aspects of construction work while also managing household livelihoods and caregiving responsibilities.The emergence of the new occupation of female workers as"coordinators"is rooted in the restructuring of their role within the county's self-employed construction work,which allows husband-and-wife functioning in a partnership.That is because the segmentation of work and operational aspects that have emphasis on business capabilities such as communication,coordination,and relationship maintenance,offers a chance for women to expand their entrepreneurial roles.This expansion allows them to participate in both work and business operations.The relative flexibility of working hours and the ac-cessibility of work sites to family spaces enable female workers to balance both family livelihoods and caregiving responsibilities.This study extends an understanding of the role of migrant female workers in county industrial development and potentially contributes to fur-ther research on the profound impact of industrial development on female workers.
Xu Mao and His Daughters has presented historical political trauma and its healing through writing about mobilization of and absorbing personal emotions,desires,and other private relationships.To re-interpret Xu Mao and His Daughters is to situate this story during the changing times between the first thirty years of Chinese contemporary literature and its last forty years.This helps investigate cultural politics,historical logics,and ethics in private and public areas through the examination of the complexity of private emotional re-lationships between father and daughters,between sisters,and men and women.As a product at the"historical turning point",Xu Mao and His Daughters has provided a literary,cultural,and political mirror image,which has helped reveal the shaping and reconstruction of emotional relations ultimately affected by the multi-faceted"historical median".Often such provision of the image demonstrates its suffi-cient historical criticism also imply its obvious historical limitations.
近代以来,新闻宣传深度嵌入中国社会和性别文化的转型,在传播男女平等进步观念、宣传动员妇女投身革命和建设、形塑社会主义"新女性"、推进妇女工作等方面发挥了关键作用,有力地推进了中国妇女解放进程,形成了富有特色的新闻宣传中国经验.2023年10月28日,由北京大学新闻与传播学院张慧瑜研究员和华东师范大学传播学院李海波副教授策划、《妇女研究论丛》编辑部主办的"媒介与性别视角下新闻宣传的中国经验"学术工作坊在北京召开.全国妇联妇女研究所所长、《妇女研究论丛》主编杜洁出席会议并致辞.
本文将虚拟男友服务作为一种数字化时代的亲密关系情感商品,通过虚拟民族志的方法考察其中的亲密关系生产过程及其在性别视角下的独特现实意义.虚拟男友以数字化的平台、身体和情感为基础进行情感劳动和亲密劳动,最终生产出一种以虚拟性兼顾情感属性与商品属性的亲密关系.在此过程中,虚拟男友的劳动困境体现了情感劳动被视为一种女性化的劳动而遭受的贬值与污名,但其中的男性情感劳动与女性情感消费也喻示着打破性别分化的可能,尤其是女性通过消费赋权的主体性改变了亲密关系性别脚本中的客体性地位,进而塑造出新的两性性别气质与亲密关系体验.因此,虚拟男友服务的背后是亲密关系的商品化、数字化、流动化等变迁,对其进行分析有助于我们理解更加适应现代社会的亲密关系形态.
张暖忻是中国改革开放新时期实验电影的先驱,在理论上率先提倡法国新浪潮和纪实长镜头,在实践中开创了主观纪实风格电影,为20世纪80年代中国新时期电影走向世界和多元化作出了杰出贡献.可是,作为中国社会主义女性电影人,张暖忻同以绝对男性为创作主体、提倡自由主义的法国新浪潮电影批评和实践之间到底是怎样一种关系?作为中国新浪潮电影的前卫,在20世纪80年代中后期,随着中国经济改革的深入、新兴的现代性主流话语的形成、性别差异的自然化以及中国具有世界影响力的第五代男性导演的崛起,她的立场和电影实践有着怎样的变化?在商业大潮席卷中国电影制作的20世纪90年代,她的挣扎和反思又是通过什么样的语言和电影风格表现出来?本文通过重新梳理法国电影新浪潮的历史、政治和艺术生成,通过分析中国新时期独特的社会文化多元异质场景,深入探讨张暖忻怎样批判借鉴世界电影艺术,坚持唯物历史观念和性别平等,将法国新浪潮美学社会主义化,在新的历史转折和世界化时期深刻反思并创新社会主义大众电影的不朽成就.
人的问题始终是朱迪斯·巴特勒关注的一个重要课题.虽然这种关注在其讨论女性主义政治伦理的著作中更为明显,但在其较早的性别批评著作中已见端倪.巴特勒人学观念的逻辑起点始于"非人"的解构主义哲学,并在文学的虚构世界找到其哲思的落脚点.她以人类的悲伤、哀悼、脆危的普遍性为基础,将"人"理解为一种建构意义上关联性的存在.巴特勒作为深刻思考人类性别和人类本质的思想家,她的女性主义人学构想应当被理解为一种对人类生存境遇的非乌托邦式呈现和向往,其理念很好地诠释了人类命运共同体所倡导的符合人类共同发展的需求.
已有研究基于麦克·布洛维工厂政体理论,对富士康劳动体制进行了分析,但未就职工留厂赶工形成解释.本文将研究视角从生产场域延伸至生活场域,聚焦劳动者制度性跨越、家庭化突破、主体性建构三维需求层次,对其"熬社保"的富士康劳动体制进行成因剖析,揭示该劳动策略隐匿的"厂内劳动,厂外赋义"逻辑.本文基于制度、家庭、个体领域建构的分析框架,具象了生活政治概念意涵,强化了生产政治同生活政治的互动关系,论证了地方政府在平衡劳资关系上积极包揽的观点,对深化认识富士康劳动体制、维护女性农民工权益具有现实意义.
延安时期的文学实践于女性叙事上有诸多突破,留下了很多经典作品.本文以《漳河水》为线索,勾勒、比较20世纪40年代解放区女性题材写作的多重脉络,围绕阶级解放展开的女性叙事只是其中之一,更多的作品将叙事重心置于生产、婚姻和家庭变迁.恢复这一女性叙事图景的历史丰富性意在指出,延安时期的女性解放深嵌在边区的社会变革中,是多层面、不同程度的变化.尤其是对陕甘宁边区的农村妇女来说,抗战动员、边区民主建设、大生产运动等使得农村妇女得以走出家庭、参与生产和社会工作,探索新的身份认知与家庭关系重构,也正是源于这样的社会变革产生了女性叙事的文体新变.
2023年8月12-13日,由全国妇联妇女研究所《妇女研究论丛》编辑部与山西大学中国社会史研究中心共同主办的"从社会出发:重探20世纪的中国妇女与中国经验"学术研讨会在太原召开.来自中国社会科学院、北京大学、中国人民大学、中国传媒大学、华东师范大学、重庆大学、南京师范大学、首都师范大学、中国矿业大学等国内15所高校和研究机构的专家学者参加会议.山西大学原副校长、中国社会史研究中心行龙教授,全国妇联妇女研究所所长、《妇女研究论丛》主编杜洁研究员分别致辞.开幕式由山西大学中国社会史研究中心主任张俊峰教授主持.
在推动基层治理体系与治理能力现代化过程中,妇联组织与社会组织的有效联动成为深化改革、构筑治理共同体的重要创新,探究"妇社联动"在实践中的合作机制成为本文的核心问题.本文借助嵌合理论,对上海市P区妇联"家中心"项目实践中的"妇社联动"逻辑进行考察,试图揭示妇联与社会组织联动治理的嵌合机理.研究发现,上海市P区妇联在以项目化运作来联动社会组织协同推进家庭建设中,形成了以群众性需求为核心导向的项目筛选机制、党建引领多方联动的项目运行机制、全过程项目陪伴赋能机制、制度创新驱动的项目长效机制等多维嵌合实践机理,初步实现了对家庭主体性与社会性的激活、对妇联再组织化逻辑的重塑、对妇社联动治理共同体的构建,进而为探究家庭治理创新、组织化机制转向、群团组织深化改革等贡献了本土智慧.
本文讨论解放区20世纪40年代移民运动和大生产运动,分析二者发生的原因以及与此前移民垦荒的不同,在这一背景下理解新秧歌剧《兄妹开荒》的诞生.通过比较《兄妹开荒》与本事的差异,论述解放区新文艺的展开过程,在此基础上论述人民文艺如何立足现实,不断调整焦距,引导和推进历史前行,体现了文化与历史"两种真实"的辩证运动.
口述史作为近年备受关注的跨学科方法之一,其立意从原初就带有了与性别研究和底边社会研究的亲缘性:对长久以来以男性为中心的文献记载的不满,激发了记录包括不同阶层女性在内的被忽视的亲历者声音的"口述",朝向补充甚至重写"历史"、推动性别与阶层色彩凸显的普通人生活的在场.本文从口述史的这一根本立意出发,结合教学和侧重性别议题的实地案例,从方法立场、选题的问题意识、口述过程与呈现中的明暗线三个层次展开分析;在对"为什么做口述史"的辨析中,探讨"如何做口述史".旨在通过对立意的回溯和辨析,推动切实的口述实践,包括如何展开对谈,梳理主线,通过辅助文献、"按语"和注释更好地呈现明暗线,以及在更宽的方法谱系中积极尝试具体之"术"的超越与整合;最终,促进包括女性在内的诸多人群更为真实与丰富的在场与呈现.
本文以重庆璧山为例,梳理了合作化前后劳动性别分工的嬗变.革命前璧山的劳动性别分工为"男田女土",不同于江南的"男耕女织",也不同于海边的"男渔女耕".这一分工形成既源自家庭生计的需要,也受到当地自然条件、资源禀赋及社会文化观点的影响.解放后由于新政权强调通过劳动来解放妇女,这一分工在解放初、互助组、合作社期间逐渐发生嬗变.在互助组成立前,妇女的劳动生产仍然局限于"男田女土"的框架;到了互助组时期,妇女劳动虽然仍在"男田女土"的逻辑里,但已经渗透进水田生产的辅助环节,如捉虫、车水、割谷、选种等;到了合作化时期,随着"提高技术"口号的提出,妇女借助技术训练,不仅进入土里生产的关键环节如打窝和耕作旱田、地,而且在水稻种植环节的核心处("挞谷")开始占据位置,这一方面强化了其土上的劳动,另一方面真正打破了"男田女土"的格局和逻辑.
作为赋权工具的自媒体极大地凸显了农村妇女的社会可见性.诉诸"可见性—权力"关系分析视角,通过呈现农村妇女快手平台展演检视其赋权效果,研究发现:农村妇女的展演包括再造传统形象、打造性与性别化形象、构造夸张的形象,其赋权存在经济收入的"实"与"虚"、虚拟"中心感"与现实"边缘性"、经济接纳与社会排斥的张力等后果.概言之,农村妇女的短视频赋权或许是一种虚假或不完全赋权,她们构筑的"视频微社会"主要基于生存道义,以他人为对象形塑自我、复制了现实社会的性别秩序与结构,呈现出主动的被动性、主体的客体性、看见的看不见性等特点.
在传统现代杂糅的当代中国,传统的早婚普婚模式正在向晚婚非普婚模式过渡.在此背景下,本文聚焦上海市人民公园的相亲角,从男女双方家庭的日常生活逻辑和动机人手,在规范、观念和意义层面讨论中国婚姻制度变迁.本文发现,男女双方家长的婚育观念和性观念正变得更加多元化,呈现出传统和现代杂糅并存的状态,并具有鲜明的性别模式和显著的性别界限.女方家长对传统婚育规范有更多反思;男方家长虽然在这方面相对传统,但对非传统亲密关系更为包容.在此基础上,本文尝试初步提炼出中国婚姻制度变迁的可能性逻辑机制:选择—经济基础—性别观念差异的三要素链条.在婚姻开始不再是社会规范必选项的前提下,年轻女性的经济独立和原生家庭的经济支持成为她们自由选择结婚与否的微观经济基础,男女双方存在明显的性别观念差距则在很大程度上触发了女性的现实婚姻抉择.
随着人口老龄化成为全球常态,养老正演变为一个具备鲜明国家特征的综合治理议题."中国式养老"脱胎于此背景而"立题",既植根于学理性的术语革命,又回应了国家话语体系和话语能力建设的价值要求.本文在此基础上于人口高质量发展中审视中国式养老,提出中国老龄社会治理天然包裹着家庭与性别议题,中国人的家庭特质与中国老年人的性别及队列差异将形塑"中国式养老"的需求结构和资源格局,由此聚焦性别和家庭双重视角来反思新时代中国式养老的"破题",强化性别意识以具体诠释其高质量发展、依托家庭建设以凝练其治理特色及创新实践,助推老年人口规模巨大的现代化和老年人口高质量发展.
