多元主体合作是提升全民健身公共服务供给效能的重要途径,而多元主体间合作的稳定性则是全民健身公共服务可持续供给的关键保障.为防止合作"博弈失衡"与结构"场域塌陷"现象,进一步强化多元主体合作供给的高质量发展,推动全民健身公共服务体系的"活力化、高效化、标准化"发展.该研究以"结构—过程—效能"为思辨主线,采用结构功能主义AGIL模型对全民健身公共服务多元主体合作供给进行了全面的逻辑解构.并从组织要素与行动要素等不同维度剖析了合作供给的功能结构,发现供给过程中面临适应不恰、目标不清、整合不顺、模式维系不稳等阻滞问题.进而提出全民健身公共服务多元主体合作供给的效能提升路径:升级角色创新能力,厘清权责定位及边界结构;激发目标驱动意识,塑造协同枢纽及共生结构;疏通资源共享渠道,巩固关系框架及串联结构;保证发展正轨运行,树立联合监管及弹性结构.
全民健身公共服务基层治理数字化转型是数字时代发展的必然趋势,对构建更高水平的全民健身公共服务体系具有重要意义.该研究从组织变革理论视角探讨了全民健身公共服务基层治理数字化转型的理论逻辑、价值意蕴、转型阻力与消解路径.研究表明,全民健身公共服务基层治理数字化转型能够拓宽治理边界,促进多元治理主体的共同参与;识别治理需求,提升全民健身公共服务供给水平;重塑治理流程,提高全民健身公共服务基层治理效能.全民健身基层治理数字化转型的阻力主要表现为:"向上看"的基层组织任务目标阻碍数字化转型,"条块分割"的传统科层制结构与数字化转型不适配,"参差不齐"的数字素养掣肘数字化转型,"不断攀升"的个人数据风险不利于数字化转型.进而提出从建成"以人民为中心"的全民健身公共价值规范、构筑纵横一体化的全民健身基层组织治理结构、提高全民健身基层治理组织内外主体的数字素养、加强全民健身数字化转型过程中个人隐私数据保护等几个方面探寻转型发展的消解路径.
基本公共体育服务标准化是保障公众体育权益的有效手段,是提升均等化水平的现实路径.该研究运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法,基于共同富裕背景下,阐释了基本公共体育服务标准化的内涵特征、现实基础和二维图景,并提出了推进路径.研究认为,基本公共体育服务标准化的现实基础包括财政投入提供资金支持、政府治理提供制度保障、数字技术提供科技支撑;基本公共体育服务标准化促进"城市"与"乡村"的全体富裕、推动"物质"与"精神"的全面富裕、实现"数量"到"质量"逐步富裕.针对服务标准制定不完善、服务标准难落实、标准监督机制不健全等困境,借鉴标准实现过程视角,提出了完善服务标准体系,提升基本公共体育服务标准的合理性;优化服务保障体系,推动基本公共体育服务标准有序落实;完善服务监督机制,实现基本公共体育服务的全程可控等推进路径.
新修订的《体育法》保障了公民参与体育活动的权益,但并未明确界定公民体育权及其权能范畴,学者们对体育权是权利泛化下的虚构概念还是公民应享有的权利仍存在分歧.研究认为,从权利的运行逻辑出发公民体育权可以从三重路径证成:(1)公民体育权具有道德正当性,权利的实现能增进公民身心健康、保障人性尊严、促进社会发展、增强群体凝聚力和文化认同感;(2)宪法中的体育条款是国家发展体育事业的政策宣示,概括性条款是体育法体系确认权利的宪法依据,《体育法》明确规定了公民的体育参与权,这些法规范证成了公民体育权的合法性;(3)国家是公民体育权实有化的主要义务主体,应履行尊重、给付与保护三重义务.在此基础上,体育法体系应明确公民体育权的权能范畴,强化公民体育权实现的义务保障,实现体育法由管理型立法向维权型立法转变.
厘清供给侧结构性改革的理论逻辑,审视体育产业供给侧的现实问题,是准确推进体育产业供给侧结构性改革的前提.该文采用文献资料、数理统计和逻辑分析等方法,从体育产业供给与需求、供给侧与需求侧、供给侧改革与需求侧管理三个维度阐述了体育产业供给侧改革的理论逻辑.指出,体育产业供给体系滞后需求结构变化,导致供需结构失衡;需求侧的"三驾马车"逆势增长,倒逼供给侧改革;体育产业生产要素供给抑制,导致全要素生产率不高的现实问题.基于供需协同管理的思想,提出了体育产业供给改革的实践路径:协同管理,供给侧结构性改革与需求侧管理协同发力;融合发展,形成经济发展的新动能;质量发展,提高体育产业国际竞争力;改革发展,提升体育产业治理效能;共享发展,推进体育产业数字化转型.
目的:探讨8 周跑台运动预干预对心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠心肌纤维结构及心脏功能的影响,并通过检测心肌组织氧化应激水平和动力相关蛋白 1(Drp1)及视神经萎缩蛋白1(OPA1)的表达,探讨跑台运动预干预影响I/R大鼠心脏功能的可能机制.方法:将 64 只雄性成年SD大鼠随机分为4 组,假手术组(sham)、假手术运动组(EX)、心肌缺血/再灌注组(I/R)及运动预干预+心肌缺血再灌注组(I/R+EX),每组 16 只,随后对EX组及I/R+EX组大鼠进行8 周中等强度的跑台运动预干预.运动结束后,通过结扎左冠脉动脉前降支缺血 30 min,再灌注120 min的方法建立I/R模型,采用BL-420S生物机能实验系统监测大鼠缺血前、缺血30 min、再灌注120 min 3 个时间点的左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末期压力(LVDEP)及左室内压上升和下降的最大变化速率(±dp/dtmax),于再灌注 120 min后采集心肌组织,然后HE染色观察心肌纤维结构的变化,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测大鼠心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、硫代巴比妥酸法检测心肌组织丙二醛(MDA)水平,westernblot实验测定心肌组织Drp1 及OPA1 蛋白表达.结果:(1)与sham组比较,I/R组大鼠心肌组织呈现明显的病理改变,LVSP、+dp/dtmax及-dp/dtmax(P<0.01)均显著下降,LVDEP(P<0.01)显著增加;心肌组织SOD活性(P<0.01)及OPA1 蛋白表达(P<0.01)均明显下降,MDA水平(P<0.01)及Drp1 蛋白表达(P<0.01)均明显增加.(2)8 周跑台运动预干预可显著改善I/R大鼠的心肌组织病理变化及心脏功能,与I/R组比较,I/R+EX 组大鼠心肌组织SOD 活性(P<0.05)及 OPA1 蛋白表达(P<0.01)均显著增加,MDA水平(P<0.01)及Drp1 蛋白表达(P<0.05)均显著下降.结论:运动预干预对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤具有保护作用,可能与此运动维持线粒体分裂与融合的动态平衡,减轻I/R诱导的心肌氧化应激损伤有关.
The study developed the Scale of Gambling Behavior of Numbers and Lotto Lottery for China sports lottery market, which is of 5 dimensions（Superstition, Control disorders, Chasing behavior, Agency purchase, Number associating） on 15 items, and accessing criterion validity, gamblers’ scores on clusters, correspondence analysis and regression analysis were adopted in screening problem gamblers and examining correlation degree between behavior and cognition with SGB. Results showed that Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for five factors ranged from 0.727～0.894, 0.862 for the overall scale and the model showed good fitness with data. In conclusion, SGB is capable of distinguishing problems of consuming in gambling and different clusters efficiently, and gamblers will develop to problem gambling when scores rising; In the process of being problem gambler, with evident trend, the condition of cognition has been running down; Control disorders would be the premier division of determining whether behavior of gamblers changing to problem, with appreciable impacts from illusion of control and inability to stop gambling, while be caught in vicious circle of consuming by interaction with superstition and agency purchase; In the end, SGB has good psychometric properties and initially is useful for assessing behavior characteristics of Chinese gamblers.
The practice and theory of Wushu show that the action image pursued by Wushu technology takes the “intention” of the body as its real meaning. However, throughout its research pedigree, the theory of “image” in Wushu has not gone out of a big mistake so far, that is, the relationship between “image” and “intention” is ignored. It is helpful to better understand the cultural connotation and aesthetic significance of “image” of Wushu. This article mainly uses the methods of literature and logic analysis, takes the body “intention” in body phenomenology as the theoretical perspective, and takes Wushu technical practice, training concept and terms of ancient books as the interpretation content. It is pointed out that the“image” pursued by Chinese Wushu takes the “intention”of the body as its internal initiative. This point of view not only eliminates the theoretical deficiency that Wushu “image” is neither the appearance of objective things nor the expression of subjective will, but also makes a Wushu “image” that emphasizes the “integration of subject and object” of life energy and life motive force truly established. The “image” of Wushu has changed from active, reflexive and transcendent physical “intention”, which makes Wushu “image” completely move to a kind of kungfu realm where “body and mind are the same”. This kind of body “intention” of “I can”, with the real unity of “visible” and “invisible”, makes the “endless” and extremely dynamic “image” of heaven and man, and “image” of Tao body can be constantly generated, which really shows the transcendental characteristics of Wushu “spirit cultivation integrated with body growth”.
Improving the employment quality of retired athletes is crucial to enhancing the well-being of individual athletes and promoting the high-quality development of competitive sports. Based on micro-survey data, OLS and quantile regression were used to analyze retired athletes’ human capital influence on their employment quality. The empirical results show that: the employment quality of retired athletes in J province varies greatly among individuals, and the overall employment quality is not optimistic; human capital has a significant positive influence on the employment quality of retired athletes, with the degree of influence in descending order of athletic rank, vocational skill training, the degree of marketability of the sport engaged in, and health capital; the effect of each element of human capital on different levels of employment quality has a distribution heterogeneity. Based on the results of the study, suggestions are made to take into account equal opportunities for athletes of different sports to attend school, enhance the cultural and educational capital of athletes, improve the multi-level medical security system, strengthen vocational skill training and innovation and entrepreneurship training, and build a collaborative employment governance model to improve the employment quality of retired athletes.
Objective:Based on the social exchange perspective, to explore the influence mechanism of volunteer motivation on satisfaction and the mediating effect of experience value of college students’ sports events volunteers, in order to provide reference and suggestions for the management of college students’ sports events volunteers. Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted on 731 college student sports event volunteers using volunteer motivation questionnaire, volunteer satisfaction questionnaire and experience value questionnaire, and statistical analysis and mediation test were conducted on the obtained data. Results:（1） Volunteer motivation and experience value had significant positive effects on satisfaction, and explained 30.8% and 51.3% of the variance respectively;（2） In the process of volunteer motivation influencing satisfaction, experience value had a partial mediating effect with an effect size of 13%, but the mediating effect size had significant differences in gender and education, and there was no significant difference in the place of birth. Conclusion:The construction of the mediation model confirms that volunteer motivation can affect satisfaction directly as well as indirectly through experience value, and in the future, the satisfaction of college student sports event volunteers can be improved by enhancing college student volunteer motivation and improving the perceived value of college students, so as to realize the normal development of collegestudent sports volunteer management.
The collaborative participation of multiple subjects in community sports governance is important for maximizing public interests of urban communities. Aiming at improving the level of urban community sports governance, this study constructed an evaluation system of urban community sports governance composed of 3 primary indicators, 9 secondary indicators and 32 tertiary indicators based on the theory of collaborative governance of multiple subjects and using methods such as questionnaires, entropy weight method, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The status of community sports governance was classified into four categories: balanced governance, weak dominance, loose ties and insufficient autonomy. The S-W test was used to test the normality of the governance evaluation results and to verify the rationality of the community sports governance evaluation system. Based on the results of the study, the responsibilities of each stakeholder in governance practice were clarified as follows: Government administrative departments play a leading role to achieve point-to-point governance support, sports organizations embody the bridging role to achieve macro guidance, and community residents consolidate the responsibility of autonomy to achieve shared governance.
The integration of sports and education is an innovative initiative to promote the collaborative participation of multiple subjects in education reform in the new era, and is a key link to promote the healthy development of youth. In order to promote the governance efficiency of sports-education integration of multiple subjects, we start from the modern context of collaborative governance participation in sports-education integration and explore the promotion path of collaborative governance with the help of SFIC theoretical model, based on the diagnosis of the development pattern and difficulties of sports-education integration in China. The study finds that collaborative governance is an important technical tool for the development of sports-education integration, but in concrete practice, there are shackles in terms of inadequate policy implementation, unclear effect of "unblocking" initiatives, backward institutional space, and single linkage mechanism. In this regard, we propose a collaborative governance path based on the SFIC model to promote the integration of sports and education: to clarify the goals and motives of the collaboration of multiple subjects and to consolidate the conditions for initiation; to realize the vertical integration of "state-government-school" and "government-society-family-school"; and to realize the vertical integration of "state-government-school" and "government-family-school". The government should realize the vertical integration of "state-government-school" and the horizontal integration of "government-society-family-school", and strengthen the catalytic leadership; promote institutional reform, simplify and decentralize the government, improve the monitoring and evaluation body and system, and upgrade the system design; take traditional sports schools as the platform, promote the "six-party linkage", and promote the integration of sports and education. We also promote the "six-party linkage" as a platform to facilitate the synergistic process; form a "four-party integration" with system, resources, learning and training and events to consolidate the synergistic results.
With the coming of aging society, aging muscular atrophy is a serious threat to human health. As an active and effective prevention and treatment method, exercise has become a research hotspot in recent years. From the essence of aging muscular atrophy and the difference of its effects on different types of muscle fibers, we discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of different types of exercise to attenuate muscular atrophy, such as aerobic exercise, resistance training, high-intensity intermittent exercise, and autonomous wheel exercise. The mTOR, TGF-β/Smad and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways participate in the inhibition of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in sarcopenia, and ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosome system, cell apoptosis, pyroptosis/inflammation, oxidative stress/erroptosis and other pathways are involved in the promotion of protein decomposition. Exercise could regulate the process of protein synthesis and decomposition through the above signaling pathways, so as to alleviate the process of sarcopenia.
In order to help the sustainable development of the economy of the Yellow River Basin, based on the relevant data indicators of sports industry and tourism, the VAR model was constructed using Eviews 11.0 software to conduct an empirical study on the development effects of sports industry and tourism in the Basin. The research finds that:（1） there is a long-term balanced development relationship between sports industry and tourism in the Basin.（2） Granger causality test results show that the sports industry in the Basin is the Granger reason for the development of tourism, and the number of cultural market management institutions is the Granger reason for the development of sports industry and tourism.（3） The pulse response analysis shows that the interaction between sports industry and tourism in the Basin is positive.（4） The variance decomposition shows that the sports industry and tourism industry are most affected by themselves in the short term. With the continuous development, the interaction effect is gradually rising, and the contribution of the cultural market scale is also gradually increasing. On this basis, the optimization suggestions are put forward: pay attention to resource sharing and build a high-quality development mechanism for integration of sports and tourism in the Basin; With culture as the core, build a brand image with traditional cultural characteristics of the Basin; Take tourism as the carrier to continuously improve the service level and consumption toughness of sports tourism; Taking sports as the driving force, optimize the consumption experience and talent training mechanism of sports tourism; Strengthen policy guarantee and promote the deep integration and symbiotic development of culture, sports and tourism in the basin.
The public service system of sports for people with disabilities in developed countries is more mature and has rich experience in the practice. This study takes the public services for people with disabilities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan and Australia as the research objects, and explores the construction of the public service system of sports for the disabled in developed countries in terms of supplying subjects, guaranteeing systems and implementation paths. The study finds that under the guidance of diversified supply subjects and policies and regulations, developed countries combine the types of disabilities and physical and mental characteristics of the disabled to carry out targeted sports activities and build more adaptable venues to meet different needs. Compared with developed countries, the overall development of public sports services for the disabled in China is relatively good, but there is a gap with developed countries in terms of diversified and precise supply, as well as the participation of social organizations and the third parties in the construction of public sports services. The construction of the service system in developed countries has positive implications for China:（1） Reform government functions and clarify the responsibilities of supplying subjects; improve the undertaking capacity of social organizations for the disabled; and improve the governance efficiency of public sports services.（2） Focus on the sports needs and provide targeted service. Actively connect to platforms such as the National "Disabled Persons’ Fitness Week" to carry out sports activities; regularly conduct surveys on the sports lifestyles; realize the sharing of public sports information resources to create a quality environment for persons with disabilities to participate in sports activities.（3） Revitalize the stock of social organizations and explore diversified implementation paths; encourage cooperation between sports organizations and universities and enterprises, focus on the development of physical fitness test standards for persons with disabilities in China, the construction of a sports rehabilitation system and the construction of barrier-free facilities; establish a third-party selection mechanism, bring into play the resource advantages of various departments for precise subsidies, and form a working mechanism led by the government and joined by the China Disabled Persons’ Federation and other departments; improve the volunteer service system and establish a volunteer service incentive mechanism.
The National sports industry base is the space carrier and spearhead of the development of sports industry. It is of great significance to study its spatial layout and evolution rules to promote the high-quality development of sports industry. Taking 334 national sports industry bases identified by the General Administration of Sport of China from 2006 to 2021 as research samples, this paper analyzes the evolution types, patterns and trends of spatial pattern of national sports industry bases by using the methods of nearest proximity index, standard deviation ellipse and spatial auto correlation. Furthermore, GWR mode was used to explore the influencing factors of spatial pattern evolution. The results show that the development of national sports industry base has significant spatial agglomeration, and the agglomeration degree increases with the passage of time; The spatial center of gravity of the national sports industry base develops in a roundabout westward way, which plays an important role in narrowing the development gap between the eastern and western regions of the national sports industry base; The national sports industry base has a significant spatial positive correlation on the global level, and the quadrant distribution of local spatial auto-correlation does not have an obvious transition with time, and there is a strong path locking effect. The spatial pattern evolution of the national sports industry base is the result of the joint action of economic development level, scientific and technological innovation environment, tourism resource endowment, government investment and other factors, which have obvious intensity difference and spatial heterogeneity.
Harmonious symbiosis between national sports federations and the government is an important task and fundamental project to promote the modernization of sports governance. With literature and field research, the study explores the relationship between national sports federations and the government from the perspective of symbiosis theory, providing ideas to break through the bottleneck of monolithic government and sport association relationship and providing practical guidance for the formation of a mutually beneficial symbiosis. The study concludes that the key to the symbiotic development of the association and the government is to clarify the operation of the symbiosis at the levels of conceptual recognition, coordination and linkage, responsibility sharing, and constraints and checks and balances. Future recommendations: take the association’s constitution as the guideline and improve the corporate governance structure; promote the association’s return to the market and effectively realize self-enhancement; take the cultivation of composite talents as the bridge to strengthen symbiotic matching; optimize the construction of the membership team as the cornerstone to enhance symbiotic integration; enhance democratic participation and improve the association’s social credibility; establish a credit information platform and strengthen the association’s integrity construction, aiming to promote the decoupling reform. The aim is to provide theoretical support and basis for the smooth implementation of the decoupling reform, and to promote the association and the government towards "mutual symbiosis".
From traditional to modern Chinese martial arts, there are different opinions on the evaluation of the practitioner’s level. From the “use of notion rather than strength” of traditional martial arts to the pursuit of "quantification" of modern competitive martial arts, it is to find a reasonable explanation for the evaluation standard. However, from the perspective of the development and change of Wushu evaluation, Quanyi（i.e., Meanning of Boxing）, which shows the cultural characteristics of "Yi" of Chinese Wushu, is the core element that affects the personality development of Chinese Wushu and the evaluation and practice level. Therefore, starting from the cultural characteristics of "meaning" in Chinese martial arts, this paper explores the psychological order process and expression ways of the formation of boxing meaning, so as to evaluate the core elements of Chinese martial arts practice level. Thus, the evaluation of martial arts practice level provides a kind of research perspective which has long been available, but has not become the theory. The research points out that the cultural characteristics of "meaning" of Chinese martial arts are composed of technical meaning, philosophical meaning and artistic meaning, which are expressed in the form of "boxing" and "boxing meaning" respectively in the evaluation system. Finally, it is concluded that the presentation of fist is an important way for practitioners to communicate with the world of experience. In terms of technical core expression, fist is presented as perception, expressing the underlying logic of winning a move and reaching the point. In the core category of theory, the fist shows initiative, expressing the philosophical quality of combination of dynamic and static, internal and external cultivation; In terms of the interpretation of the cultural core, fist meaning presents directionality, expressing an implicit and defamiliarization art form. Therefore, the consensus reached in the explicit and deep structure of boxing has jointly created the unique cultural aesthetic and evaluation way of Chinese Wushu.
采用系统耦合作用机理作为分析滑雪旅游业、生态环境和城镇化互动发展的理论基础,通过构建各子系统评价指标体系,引入综合评价模型和耦合协调模型,探寻河北、新疆、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁5 省区省份滑雪旅游业、生态环境和城镇化耦合协调发展关系及趋势.研究结果表明:滑雪旅游业—生态环境—城镇化系统呈现高耦合低协调的发展特征,系统整体耦合协调发展水平有所提升,呈现"磨合—协调"的协调发展演进态势,整体耦合协调发展类型为"勉强协调—城镇化滞后"型;子系统间存在紧密的互动性,发展水平差异性与一致性共存;其中,滑雪旅游系统的综合发展具有易波动性,生态环境发展与系统耦合协调显著相关,而城镇化发展滞后的状态将成为困扰系统发展的现实因素.
Servitization is one of the important trends in the transformation and upgrading of sports goods manufacturing enterprises. Can servitization promote the growth of enterprise business performance, and what are the moderating effects of related factors? To answer this question is of great significance to the servitization development of sports goods manufacturing enterprises. This study takes sports goods manufacturers in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares and the New Third Board as research samples to explore the impact of servitization on business performance, as well as the moderating effects of technological innovation and industry diversification. The results showed that at present, the service of Chinese sports goods manufacturing enterprises is still at the low level, and there is a large space for improvement. The servitization of sporting goods manufacturing enterprises has a "U-shaped" nonlinear relationship on business performance, which first inhibits and then promotes, and the inflection point of "U-shaped" curve is 16.40%. Technological innovation has no moderating effect on the impact of servitization on business performance. The moderating effect of industry diversification on servitization on business performance shows an "inverted U-shaped" nonlinear relationship. It is suggested that the enterprises promote the servitization of downstream industry chain based on the emphasis on marketing and marketing promotion; increase investment in high-quality research and development to extend the upstream industrial chain as a service; carry out industrial diversification in an orderly manner, drive enterprises to become service-oriented in the upward and downstream industrial chain, and strive to achieve complete de-manufacturing.
