为全面了解2022年档案寄存外包服务行业整体发展状况,通过调研访谈了解我国档案寄存外包服务行业中发包、承包、监管各方发展现状,发现当前我国档案寄存外包服务行业在行业监管、电子档案寄存业务开展、企业发展、新技术投入与服务能力等方面存在问题,最后,在行业监管体系、电子档案长期保存、行业协会发展、新技术应用与产学研合作等方面提出行业发展对策.
档案开放的"过度追责"亟需纠偏、"避责式不作为"亟需矫治、依法尽职履责亟需鼓励,这些均表明档案开放尽职免责制度的构建具有较为迫切的现实需求.理性人假设、激励理论、权责一致原则为档案开放尽职免责制度的构建提供了理论支撑.按照法治化、规范化的要求,应当增设尽职免责条款,设置尽职免责程序,以实现档案开放尽职免责制度的立法建构;运用"排法定责"廓清职责范围,引入"业务判断准则"判定履职程度,以推进档案开放尽职免责制度的有效实施.
档案软件行业的发展对国家档案事业的发展具有重要价值.在明确了我国档案软件行业发展历程的基础上,基于宏观环境分析模型和调研访谈数据,分析了我国档案软件行业的发展环境和发展现状,提出我国档案软件企业发展面临着环境依赖性强、协同发展能力弱、缺乏战略发展思维、专业人才匮乏、技术研发和宣传推广力度不足等问题.未来档案软件企业应拓宽客户和产品类型、建立协同发展格局、深化战略发展思维、加大人才培养、技术研发和宣传推广的力度.
建构中国自主的档案学知识体系是新时代中国档案学者的崇高使命,是提高中国档案话语权的必然要求.从马克思主义在档案学研究中的创造性运用,具有中国特色的档案学理论的创建,档案学分支学科建设,档案术语建设等方面分析了中国自主的档案学知识体系建设业已取得的成绩,并从融通马克思主义、中华优秀传统文化和国外档案学先进经验与成果等方面论述了进一步建构中国自主的档案学知识体系的措施.
传统档案文献的组织整理工作主要围绕基于元数据的人工标引和数据库建设展开,难以满足数字环境下智能化知识服务的迫切要求.以知识聚合为核心方法,充分结合人工智能、交互式可视化等技术,设计了一个面向知识服务的清代档案文献资源知识聚合的有效解决方案,包括"基于智能协同的语料著录标引""多维度的语义聚合"和"基于交互式可视化的聚合服务",并以《康熙朝实录》为聚合对象,结合几种重要的代表性清代档案文献和外部知识源进行了实证分析,为档案文献资源的知识组织与应用提供了一定的方法拓展与应用参考.
清末新政中的"废书吏""兴学堂"改革,使文书知识的传播、传承开始从书吏、幕友间的师徒式私相传授,转变为官办学堂中面向基层候补和试用官员的教育和培训,进而又从官僚体系内部扩散至民间.进入民国以后,在颁布新公文程式、实行现代考试制度、整理明清档案,以及开展文书档案改革等多重因素影响下,文书教育和知识传播依托学校教育、公职人员培训和图书出版等方式在更大的范围内展开.在此过程中,不仅文书知识迭代更新、知识传播方式发生改变,文书和文书工作也逐渐成为独立的研究对象,多领域人群参与其中,产出了大量研究成果,使中国文书学初具学科的雏形,并呈现出多学科融合交叉的特质.
企业档案作为企业生产、经营、管理活动的真实记录,不仅是企业重要知识资源,同时对企业决策也起到促进作用.循证决策连接了企业档案与决策之间的关系,为企业决策提供了科学的框架.立足于循证决策视角,分析循证决策应用于企业档案的必要性和可行性,把握企业档案知识管理和循证决策的基本流程,构建基于循证决策的企业档案知识管理流程模型,并对模型运行机制进行分析.研究发现,与传统经验决策相比,循证决策在企业档案知识管理中的应用,不仅可以有效降低企业决策过程中无效信息的干扰,提高企业决策效率,还可以提升档案在企业资源体系中的地位,最终助推企业档案管理范式的转变与企业循证决策的发展.
为了解2022年我国档案数字化服务行业现状,把握其发展趋势,通过对中国政府采购网公布的2022年档案数字化服务采购项目进行调研,发现我国档案数字化服务行业需求旺盛、供应商多元、保障日趋完善、发展成效显著,存在的问题是档案数字化需求不平衡、传统载体档案数字化红利下降、档案数字化服务存在不确定性,未来发展方向是:档案数字化服务行业迎来强监管时代,档案数字化服务行业马太效应与张弓效应并存,档案数字化服务行业加快转型升级,引入项目监理机制提升档案数字化服务质量.
德国来源原则是档案学的重要理论基石,探究其形成背景与演变历程十分必要.基于德国民族主义和历史主义的形成与发展的双重视角,从文化民族主义和政治民族主义、历史主义和历史学派的兴起等方面分析其形成的社会背景,从登记簿的产生与应用、普鲁士登记室制度的演变两个方面分析其形成的实践基础,并结合莱曼的备忘录和1881年条例等相关资料阐述来源原则的演变历程.
历史档案文本数据化是数字人文推动下历史档案数字整理与研究的关键性环节.莫莱蒂关于小说的形式研究宗旨与"远读"学术实践,无论从问题意识还是从方法论的层面,都可为历史档案数字整理与研究提供可借鉴的研究范式.以文书形式研究为核心的古文书学是档案文本数据化的方法论基础.面向文种,从文书的体式性、历时性和层级性三个维度出发,构建包含体系化文书形式特征的数据模型,其实质是为历史研究包括文书史与档案史研究构建必要的且可供整体观察的档案语境.
中国人民大学信息资源管理学院创建70年来,经历合力创设、停滞解散、重建巩固、全面发展、转型升级等5个阶段的守正创新,成为实力雄厚、特色鲜明、享誉海内外的信息资源管理教学与科研重镇.其守正之路包括:传承服务党和国家战略的红色基因,坚持以立德树人为根本,以档案学为学科建设之基,营造良好的国内外合作生态,以开拓创新为学院发展之魂.其创新之举包括:开创信息资源管理一级学科版图、推动学科数字化转型和交叉发展、持续构建中国自主的学科知识体系、搭建系列品牌学术交流平台.面向新时代,信管学院将继承和发扬优良传统,继续守正创新,再创佳绩.
民国时期,我国图书馆界致力于推动档案事业的发展.这一时期,图书馆学校通过知识传授培养了一批档案人才,奠定了档案事业发展的基础;图书馆学毕业生通过参与档案实践工作、从事档案学术研究、开展档案专业教育,生产与检验知识,多渠道推动档案事业发展;图书馆协会通过为档案事业发展提出建议与规划,一定程度上促成全国性档案机构的成立,助力知识管理;图书馆学期刊通过发表档案类文章,为档案学术交流提供平台,促进知识传播.这为民国时期档案事业的发展作出了贡献,也对建构中国自主的信息资源管理知识体系具有启示作用.
近代商会档案是清末至民国商会活动的历史记录,是我国历史文化遗产的重要组成部分,成为研究中国近现代经济史和商会专史的重要史料.在数字人文理念和技术推动下,商会档案数据资源整合可以突破传统物理空间的属地化、层级化的保管格局,聚焦文本的结构,促进商会档案文本内容的挖掘和档案数据集成与共享.近代商会档案数据资源整合既是商会档案自身价值和档案整理走向文本数据结构化的内在驱动,也是史学研究纵深发展对商会档案文本阐释、跨库数据利用的外在需求和数字赋能人文内涵的逻辑使然,并通过采集著录档案元数据、构建数据分析图状数据结构和档案数据资源共享平台来加以实现.
Archives are an important force in curriculum ideological and political construction.By analyzing the basic mode and construction strategy of archives’ participation in curriculum ideological and political construction, it is conducive to giving full effect to the functions of archives, enhancing the influence of archival work and promoting curriculum ideological and political construction.Based on the actual situation of archives’ participation in curriculum ideological and political construction, we clarify the two-way significance of archives’ participation, summarize its connotation, and categorize it into three basic modes of resource-supply type, service-embedded type and field-supporting type.We propose construction priorities and strategies in terms of archival publicity, resource construction, cooperation channels, process specification and venue construction, in response to the problems of cognitive barriers, poor channels and weak targeting that exist in the modes.
福柯对档案的沉思不仅贯穿于学术生涯始末,而且涉及其核心理论.在福柯庞杂的思想体系中,档案扮演过三种截然不同的角色:一是作为统摄话语理论的核心概念;二是作为批判现代微观权力运作的技术对象;三是作为聆听已逝去的卑微个体其微弱声音的历史媒介.
In the era of digital intelligence, the integration and fusion development of emerging scientific and technological clusters such as big data and artificial intelligence have driven the interconnection of everything and intelligent innovation.The digital government and smart city have been accelerated.The digital intelligence transformation of archives work is obvious, and the smart archives strategy is imminent.Smart archives is an organizational format and strategic system that takes archival data as the core element, relies on the construction of smart archives as the carrier, and provides intelligent services for archives with the help of the new generation of information technology.Taking “logic-link-approach” as the research clue, the authors analyze the logic of the construction of smart archives, and build a smart archives operation link integrating the base, platform, hub and terminal.Focusing on smart archives to promote the approach, adhere to the people-oriented concept, we will strengthen data empowerment, technology empowerment, institutional empowerment, cultural empowerment and intellectual empowerment.Organically coupling the professional wisdom of archivists, the intelligent gene of archival data and the intelligent elements of machine technology, we can enhance the technical application ability and archival service ability in the integration of human-machine and physical intelligence, and promote the modernization of archives governance.
The innovation of archival science and technology is an important supporting factor in the modernization of archival work, and the key to promote the high quality development of archival science and technology is to grasp the direction and focus of innovation.Through the in-depth analysis of patent information in the field of archives management, it is found that the archives management technology is now in mature stage.After decades of development, the new generation of information technology has been increasingly applied, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the internet of things.Meanwhile, the cutting-edge technology has integrated deeply, with improved degree of public innovation.Now, the research frontier covers technical archives management equipment and systems from numerous industries, which presents “intelligence+archives” and “socialization”form.Key technologies mainly focus on the invention of patents.Things like H04L,G06F,G06K,G06Q10 are the vital fields of archive management technology, with numerous underlying technologies, involving computer vision, natural language processing and Internet of things technology, etc.Finally, from the perspective of patent layout, talent team construction and resource integration, the suggestions are put forward.
Under the overall national security concept, the archives decryption in China is facing a complicated security situation and threats.This paper makes a comprehensive investigation and in-depth analysis on the legal regulation of archives decryption and current situation and problems of archives decryption through the content analysis and interview.It also summarizes the restrictive factors of archives decryption in the aspects of consciousness, legal regulation, organization and coordination, methods and technology by using the grounded theory.Five countermeasures are put forward, that is, take “Party Management Confidentiality, Administer Secrets According to Law” as the basic political principle and establish a normalized mechanism of “Quartet Cooperation and Dynamic Coordination” between encryption agencies, archives, security bureaus and archives administration; improve the policy and regulation system; refine the standards and specification for archives decryption; ensure both archives declassification and overall national security; and introduce new technologies and methods.The systematic solutions are proposed to provide a reference for breaking through the practical dilemma of archives decryption.
From the multi-dimensional analysis perspective of the changes of digital archives work, the research constructs a “three-dimensional and five-aspect” competency framework which includes three dimensions of workflow, technology and innovation, and five aspects of archival professional ability, information technology ability, data technology ability, learning and absorption ability and pioneering and innovative ability.This research sorts out the main challenges of the training of archival professionals in the digital transform, and combining with the reform of the training mode of archival science in Nanjing University, expounds the specific measures for the training of archival professionals in the digital age from the aspects of subject connotation, curriculum system, training competition, training structure and teaching staff.
The ideological and political construction of Archival Science curriculums is not only the inevitable requirement of ideological and political construction curriculums, but also the meaning of the innovative development of Archival Science under the background of New Liberal Arts. Taking 35 colleges and universities offering the undergraduate program in Archival Science and their professional teachers as the survey objects, this paper carries out a semi-structured questionnaire survey, assisted by network research and literature research, deeply explores the current situation of ideological and political construction of Archival Science curriculums, analyzes the dilemmas from the perspective of teachers, and puts forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions. The results show that the main dilemmas of Archival Science teachers in carrying out ideological and political teaching of professional curriculums focus on three levels: motivation, self-confidence and experience. For this, we need to strengthen the support for Archival Science teachers from the aspects of motivation support, multiple resonance and community building.
