Motorcycle Technology

1实例1 故障现象: 一辆某品牌50mL排量摩托车行驶2.6万km后,突然出现负载时加油门熄火、行驶时一冲一顿的故障.维修工更换过火花塞、高压包以及电子点火器等点火系统零件,又调整过化油器油位和混合气配气螺钉,始终未见任何效果,故障原因不详.

In the motorcycle industry,the European Union has taken the lead in the technical regulation(EU 168/2013)to clearly put forward the requirements for improving the safety of braking systems.For the people's personal security and the future development of the country,it is inevitable to improve the safety of transportation.Combined Brake System(CBS)is the entry level safety brake system for motorcycle.A suitable braking system that matches the whole vehicle will make the rider more comfortable and safer to drive.It can guarantee the vehicle safety to exert maximum performance and the highest driving degree.The design theory of combined braking system(CBS)for L3 motorcycle is to establish the design parameters and design concept of the brake system that match the whole vehicle.

The ISO international standard system for motorcycles was one of the foundations for the early establishment of Chinese motorcycle standard system.The current national standard system for emissions,infield,and electric motorcycles in China is established based on the basic characteristics of the motorcycle industry in China and relevant international standards(such as ISO and the European Union standard).The ISO international standard system now plays a crucial role in technology leads and technology integrating in many industries worldwide,and the motorcycle industry is no exception.At present,China is in a leading position in the formulation of ISO international standards for electric vehicles and intelligent connected vehicles,and has led the formulations of many international standards.This article will summarize and introduce the international standards related to motorcycles under the ISO international standard system.

In order to measure the acceleration noise effectively and accurately,the instantaneous speed of the motorcycle entering the test road should be accurately measured according to the standard requirements.In this paper,a wireless transmission type comprehensive road tester is designed.According to the time difference of the signal generated between each pressure belt and the distance between the pressure belts,the speed of the vehicle passing through the two pressure belts is calculated,so as to realize the speed measurement of the vehicle.The test data adopts wireless data communication between the measuring end and the receiving end,and the data acquisition port can be expanded according to the different standards and test requirements.It is easy to measure the speed of multiple vehicles and easy to operate.The test data is calculated and wrapped at the measuring end and then transmitted to avoid the data distortion caused by interference and realize the speed measurement of the vehicle.

This article studies the design of the rear suspension with a four link mechanism and analyzes the characteristics of the suspension type.Through adoption of motion simulation of UG software,it studies the stiffness curve of the rear shock absorber.At the same time,the force situation of the connecting object is simulated and analyzed.By comparing the changes in spring stiffness,force situation,and compression stroke etc.,a complete corresponding relationship is formed between the rear wheel load,rear wheel displacement size,and compression situation,Ultimately,the optimal design results are obtained by optimizing parameters,improving the design efficiency.

2023年1-7月全行业摩托车生产情况 2023年7月,全行业生产摩托车16 8.16万辆,环比增长1.14％,同比下降21.57％.其中,两轮摩托车生产148.83万辆,三轮摩托车生产19.34万辆.2023年1-7月,全行业生产摩托车1163.73万辆,同比下降8.56％.其中,两轮摩托车生产1 029.96万辆,同比下降9.81％;三轮摩托车生产133.77万辆,同比增长2.38％.

The large-capacity fuel tank for motorcycle can effectively increase the operating range of motorcycle.

(上接2023年第4期) 将主从动齿轮总成套到主轴上,见图95所示. 花键垫圈沿着花键槽装入主轴花键轴,然后转动一个角度.将离合器毂套到主轴上,止动垫片折弯角对着离合器毂凹槽,见图96所示. 六角螺母拧到主轴螺纹上,持气枪及专用六角套筒并紧,见图97所示. 持钳子将止动垫圈折弯角铆牢在六角螺母边上,见图98所示.

(上接2023年第4期) 3噪声特性测试 选取功率为3 000W、5 000W、10 000W的电动两轮摩托车及市面常见的1500W三轮摩托车车型为测试样车,进行噪声测试,样品数量各1例.下文1#车为某款10 000W电动两轮摩托车,2#车为某款5 000W电动两轮摩托车,3#为某款3 000W电动两轮摩托车,4#为某款1500W电动三轮摩托车(以下简称1#车、2#车、3#车、4#车).

(上接2023年第2期) 持T型扳手旋松六角螺母,取出平垫圈推板、推杆、离合器压板及摩擦片和离合器片,见图29所示. 持一字螺丝刀对准止动垫圈翘起部,将其垫圈铆起部冲平,持气枪及六角套筒旋松六角紧固螺母,依次取出止动垫圈、离合器毂,见图30～31所示. 取出离合器花键垫圈、主从动齿轮总成和换挡轴总成,拧松并卸下止动器总成2及只螺栓,拧松星形轮螺钉,取出星形轮,见图32所示. 持气枪及六角套筒旋松曲轴右端六角紧固螺母,见图33所示;用2只一字螺丝刀对准曲轴主动齿轮底部轻轻缓慢地撬起,直至曲轴主动齿轮完全脱离曲轴右端键槽部分,见图34所示.

摩托车底盘检测对冷却风机风速均匀性有着严格要求,现有传统风机均存在风场特性不理想的突出问题.采用模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,对试验风机的出口风速进行了深入分析,在几何优化拓扑的基础上得到了风机出口段的最佳优化方案.结果表明:增加出风管道长度、减小进风口尺寸可以改善风速均匀性,而采用平均等分格栅形式对出风口进行改造并不能显著改善出风口的风场特性,通过几何拓扑优化得到的风机出口优化方案可以显著提升风机出口风速分布均匀性,满足机动车测试的要求.

本文以某大排量摩托车为研究对象,针对大排量摩托车的操纵稳定性问题,通过3D扫描和使用三维软件测得该摩托车的整车结构参数,使用摩托车多体动力学仿真软件Ⅵ-Motorcycle建立该摩托车的动力学仿真模型.之后,对该模型分别在直线加速、直线制动和定圆三种工况下进行仿真模拟实验,并根据仿真后得到的后处理数据分析摩托车在不同工况下的操纵稳定性.模拟实验结果表明:本文的仿真模拟过程和最后实验得到的数据对以后国内大排量摩托车操纵稳定性的研究有一定的参考价值.

发动机是摩托车的"心脏",检修人员则是摩托车的"医生".由于摩托车发动机故障成因十分复杂,因此需要检修人员熟悉摩托车发动机的结构、技术原理,并具备一定的实践操作经验,才能够精准定位发动机故障发生点,采取相应的诊断、检修措施,保证发动机恢复最佳工作状态与机械性能.本文章结合实际工作经验,自身对摩托车发动机维修保养的思考与实践,探究摩托车发动机故障的检修技术.

消音器安装于机车发动机的排气尾管上,用于吸收发动机运行排出的气流,气流经过多孔消音管,噪声衰减后排入大气.目前,发动机在不同转速下会产生不同的排气流量和排气背压,摩托车消音器整体常采用焊接或铆接结构,其排气流量不能根据发动机的排气流量进行调节,即消音器与发动机的排气流量匹配度低,易造成发动机排气不畅和排气背压升高,从而降低发动机的输出功率和转矩,抑制发动机热效率转换,增加油耗.另外,发动机排气不畅,影响消音器吸收发动机运行排出的气流及相应的噪声,从而发动机噪声大,形成噪声污染.

(上接2023年第2期) 2 液压阻尼减震器的工作原理 液压阻尼式减震器和伸缩管式前叉液力减震器是目前摩托车使用最为普遍的二种减震器,现简要介绍其工作原理. 2.1 液压阻尼式后减震器 液压阻尼式后减震器,见图9所示. 液压式减震器的结构同吸入式泵基本相似,不同之处只是液压减震器的钢体上端是封闭的,阀门上留有小孔.当后轮遇到凸起路面受到冲击时,缸筒向上移动,活塞在内缸筒里相对向下移动.

(上接2023年第1期) 图2、图4～图6的名称:括号内内容分别为电动车 型号、动力蓄电池规格和充电器恒流充电阶段恒流设计值. U-E2:充电器输出电压; I-E2:充电器输出电流; I-E2(I)×N:充电器输出电流乘以放大倍数N.由于充电电流相对充电电压较小,乘以放大倍数N是为了对电流与电压变化进行对比.N 一般取充电器标称充电电压与充电器标称充电电流比值的整数倍.

分析了摩托车后转向灯间距的传统测量方法在实际测量过程中的优缺点,针对目前后转向灯间距设计为标准限制附近的情况,灯具间距的测量结果不能准确判定,从而提出了一种新的灯具间距精确检测方案.采用标准对灯具间距的定义,通过三坐标转台精确定位灯具视表面边界,实现灯具间距的精确测量,最后对精确测量技术进行了不确定度分析.这种新灯具间距的精确检测方案,为今后灯具企业的设计合规性提供了理论依据.

通过化学成分、金相检验和扫描电子显微镜等方法对发动机悬挂螺栓进行分析,结果表明:悬挂螺栓断裂是由于生产过程中混入了高强度合金钢,导致氢脆延迟断裂而造成的.针对断裂原因分析了氢脆产生的原因和采取预防措施.

2022年1一11月全行业摩托车生产情况 2022年11月,全行业生产摩托车145.10万辆,环 1-11月,全行业生产摩托车1 965.77万辆,同比下降比下降9.70％,同比下降29.48％.其中,两轮摩托车 16.09％.其中,两轮摩托车生产1 754.71万辆,同比下降生产128.22万辆,三轮摩托车生产16.88万辆.2022年 17.00％;三轮摩托车生产211.05万辆,同比下降7.67％.

摩托车照明与光信号装置几何可见度的准确测量较为困难,为此,笔者设计了一款专用仪器,该仪器的机械结构设计独特,应用了光束准直系统并自带角度刻度,且在保持杆分别安装了检测装置、升降装置和旋转装置,最终通过观测三条光束能否达到待测单元的基准点,评判被测单元是否符合检测标准.