"推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展"是党的二十大为促进黄河流域协调发展确立的新方略、新坐标、新定位.实现这一目标,必须立足新发展阶段,贯彻新发展理念,构建人与自然和谐共生的现代化产业体系.在此过程中,要通过构建恰当的产业链治理模式和治理机制,推动黄河流域产业链相关主体协同形成共同信念和一致行动,相机抉择融合融通、规则规制、技术突破、资源共享等政策策略,加快产业链布局优化和结构调整,补齐产业发展短板,夯实产业链发展基础,以产业链的高端化、智能化、绿色化,推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展.
Energy security is an important guarantee for the smooth operation of the economy, and the “West-East Gas Transmission” project has greatly relieved the pressure of energy supply in eastern China. The report of the 20th Party Congress proposed to “promote the energy revolution in depth and ensure energy security”. This paper constructs a set of energy security evaluation index system from four dimensions: energy supply security, market security, environmental security and economy security, and uses a combination of hierarchical analysis and entropy weighting method to measure and evaluate the energy security level of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2021, and concludes: First, the average level of energy security in China during the sample period is below 0.42%. First, the average level of energy security in China during the sample period is below 0.42, which is in the state of early warning and general security. Third, from the spatial perspective, China’s provincial energy security level is distributed in a “Y” pattern, and decreasing from the west to the east. In view of the overall low and uneven average level of energy security in China, this paper argues that energy security should be ensured by formulating differentiated energy policies, improving energy infrastructure construction, and strengthening international cooperation.
全球气候变暖致使人类生存和发展面临空前挑战,为应对严峻的环境问题,世界各国政府陆续启动"全球绿色新政及绿色经济计划".国内外学者对低碳经济、循环经济、绿色经济展开的广泛研究,反映了国际社会对自然环境和经济发展和谐统一的需求,表明了绿色发展时代的到来作为一种共识已经确立和形成,绿色发展状况开始成为衡量一个国家整体发展的重要指标.2015年10月26-29日召开的党的十八届五中全会,在"十三五"规划建议中明确要牢固树立创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念.然而,中国地域辽阔,地区内部资源环境、经济社会发展都存在显著的区域差异,使得中国绿色发展必然存在区域差异问题.并且,自20世纪70年代以来,中国各种促进环境保护的政策工具陆续出台,纷繁复杂的政策工具所产生的效果存在很大差异.因此,亟须构建绿色发展的理论分析框架,分析中国绿色发展的区域差异,提炼中国绿色发展技术路线,总结中国绿色发展区域实现路径,预测模拟中国绿色发展趋势并提出相应的政策建议.由此,南昌大学绿色化研究团队耕耘5年,出版《中国绿色发展效率与政策工具选择》一书.
党的二十大确立了党在新时代新征程的中心任务,即"团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标,以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴"①.中国式现代化,不是简单地重复发达国家的现代化,而是对工业革命后建立的不可持续现代化概念的重新定义.二十大报告总结了新时代十年生态文明建设的巨大成就,明确了生态文明建设在中国式现代化重要特征、本质要求和现代化目标中的基础性地位,对生态文明建设进行了战略部署,全面开启了生态文明建设的新篇章.
推进人与自然和谐共生是中国式现代化的本质要求.党的二十大报告全面系统总结了党的十八大以来生态文明建设取得的历史性成就,深刻阐述了人与自然和谐共生中国式现代化的重要特征,对推动绿色发展、促进人与自然和谐共生作出了重大战略部署.为此,本文从理念、制度、战略等三重维度探讨如何推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化.
Before the implementation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy, the urban governance of Beijing administrative region experienced a long process of exploration from central urban governance to regional urban governance. Urban governance in the whole region is faced with such problems as rigid restriction of land and water supply, uncontrolled population expansion and air pollution control. The implementation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy provides direction for Beijing to open the metropolitan area governance. The future governance of Beijing metropolitan area faces new issues and challenges, therefore, it is suggested that the measures should be taken to implement the construction of International Science and Innovation Center, strengthen the function of International Consumption Center City, lay stress on the high-end industry implantation of Beijing’s urban sub-center（Tongzhou） and Xiong’an new area, carry out the construction of Healthy Beijing metropolitan area in an all-round way, promote the equalization of basic public services in the region, and advance the construction of integrated governance system of Beijing and Beijing-surrounding areas.
Along with the rapid urbanization in China, the phenomenon of outward expansion of the suburban outer circle gradually emerged, and the urban expansion as an urbanization process is closely related to the construction of public transportation infrastructure. Based on the public transportation data of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2009-2017, the article uses the nonparametric DEA-malmquist method to calculate the public transportation supply efficiency of different cities to explore the impact of externalities of urban expansion on urban public transportation supply efficiency in China. The heterogeneity analysis of the impact of urban expansion on public transportation supply efficiency in different regions is also conducted. The article is innovative in that it focus on urban expansion as a direct influence mechanism on urban transportation supply and focus on urban public transportation infrastructure development; it takes cities as the research object for empirical analysis, avoiding the estimation bias that may be caused by previous related studies taking provincial level or individual cities or regions as the research object; it uses the instrumental variable method to overcome the endogeneity problem caused by reverse causality or omitted variables, and to provides clearer identification of causality. The results of the study,（1） the phenomenon of urban expansion is significantly present in the central-western and eastern regions of China, while urban expansion is less pronounced in the northeastern region and has the least internal variation;（2） in general, urban expansion is conducive to the improvement of urban bus supply efficiency;（3） after controlling for the omitted variables bias and endogeneity problems, the result still imply that the most cites’ public transport supply is exacerbated in the process of urban expansion, and the regional sample analysis indicates that impact effect is obviously different in different regions of China.
The ecological restoration of Dianchi Lake is a typical case of the ecological treatment of plateau lakes, which has gone through three stages. Firstly, the early local and traditional token restoration, mainly using afforestation, legal pollution control, water body replacement and other measures and means. Secondly, is to treat the pollution at the same time during the transition period, mainly by means of wetland construction, pollution interception around the lake, and rainwater and sewage diversion, so as to realize the self-purification of the water body. Thirdly, in the stage of ecological civilization construction, from engineering treatment to comprehensive restoration of river basin treatment, we will continue to adopt projects such as wastewater interception around the lake, sewage treatment, resource utilization and ecological synergistic restoration. The experience of ecological management in Dianchi Lake shows that localization and global ecological integrity should be the basic principles of lake ecological restoration and the concept of treatment of Big Dianchi Lake as well as the whole basin linkage managing strategy should be established.
The construction of ecological civilization in China in the new era is a systematic project. It should not only respect the laws of nature and adhere to ethical principles, but also follow the logic of beauty. If the construction of ecological civilization is made to follow the logic of beauty, the aesthetic foundation is the starting point. The main aesthetic foundations of ecological civilization construction are: Marxist aesthetics, ecological aesthetics, and traditional Chinese aesthetics. Among them, Marxist aesthetics, as the value base of ecological civilization construction, plays a fundamental role; As a new discipline, eco-aesthetics has built a theoretical framework for the construction of ecological civilization; traditional Chinese aesthetics, as a cultural foundation for the construction of ecological civilization, has injected ancient Chinese wisdom. Therefore, Marxist aesthetics, ecological aesthetics and traditional Chinese aesthetics together provide Chinese aesthetic support for the construction of ecological civilization.
借鉴生产函数和全要素生产率的概念框架,本文尝试提出城市竞争力效率概念及其测算和分解的理论与方法.首先利用全球1007个城市的竞争力的产出结果(城市竞争力指数)和投入要素(劳动力资源指数和基础设施指数)测算其城市竞争力效率,其次利用模型检验了技术进步(科技创新指数)、配置效率(要素耦合指数)、技术效率变化(制度成本指数和制度便利指数)对城市竞争力效率的影响,并分析了三类影响因素对不同大洲城市和不同效率城市的作用差异.结果表明,城市竞争力效率与城市竞争力指数高度正相关;技术进步、配置效率和技术效率变化的提高对于提升城市竞争力效率有显著的正向影响,且各大洲有显著差异;随着竞争力效率的提升,科技创新和制度成本因素成为提升效率的关键因素.
现代性作为一种将人类从非理性及蒙昧状态解放出来的进步力量而进入人类历史,它在充分肯定释放人类潜能的同时,也造成多种危机的凸显,生态危机、人的危机、社会危机是现代性危机的典型特征.现代性工业文明价值观下的"主客二分"思维方式,虽然被标识为一种强有力的观念或意识形态,却是导致现代性危机的根源.当前人们思维方式的东方转型和我国的生态文明建设,为化解现代性危机提供了有益的价值遵循及实现路径.
统筹推进"双碳"目标的实现和保障能源安全是中国今后相当长时期的重要战略任务.煤炭减量替代是实现"双碳"目标的必然选择,而可再生能源在短期内难以成为主体能源,且大规模发展也受诸多因素制约,油气资源(尤其是天然气)作为相对清洁的化石能源,能够为实现"双碳"目标和保障能源安全发挥重要作用.然而,中国油气资源开发利用也面临常规油气资源贫乏、海外进口受地缘政治风险影响较大、非常规油气资源开发的科技支撑不足和油气资源利用效率较低且排放强度较高等困难与挑战.为此,应充分认识油气资源开发利用在我国能源转型过程中和未来现代能源体系中的战略地位,全面布局非常规油气资源开发利用,关注地缘政治形势变化并推进油气资源多元化开发,应用数字技术提升油气开发利用效率,探索"油气+清洁能源"多能融合新模式.
近年来,城市的高房价和空气污染等问题成为社会广泛关注的焦点.本文基于2003-2018年中国269个城市PM2.5浓度与新建商品房价格的面板数据,系统地考察了空气质量对房价的影响及其传导机制.实证结果表明,较差的空气质量整体上对城市房价有显著的负向影响,且对经济发展水平较高的大中城市的影响大于经济发展水平较为落后的小城市,空气质量可以通过人力资本机制、城镇化机制和房价预期机制来影响城市房价.城市的发展不能以牺牲环境质量为代价,经济发展水平较高的大中城市更应注重环境质量的改善.
2021年中央经济工作会议提出要"创造条件尽早实现能耗双控向碳排放总量和强度双控转变".当前我国要实现"能耗双控"向"碳双控"的转变仍面临着一系列的挑战,例如:"碳双控"政策能否延续"能耗双控"政策的做法;中央和地方如何确定"碳双控"的目标和责任;"碳双控"政策和"能耗双控"政策的相关机构和人员如何实现有效配合;"碳双控"政策如何衔接"碳交易""碳税"等市场手段;"碳双控"政策如何应对国外的气候政策等.由"计划主导"向"市场主导"转变是尽早实现"能耗双控"向"碳双控"转变的总体思路,具体措施包括:一要积极扩大全国性碳交易市场的范围和作用;二要发挥"碳税""碳标准"等手段的作用;三要完善"碳双控"政策的机构和职能设置;四要构建激励相容的环境,有效激发各地开展"碳双控"工作的积极性.
粤港澳大湾区是全球四大湾区之一,主要发展指标居全球四大湾区之首,是对我们国家经济贡献最大的三大城市群之一,未来有望建成全球第七大世界级城市群.粤港澳大湾区建设世界级城市群具有四个特殊性,即远程驱动带来的高度外向化、体制机制运行的多元化、梯度落差导致的高度差异化以及生态环境的高度同质化.我们提出把粤港澳大湾区建成具有全球竞争力的世界级超大城市群和集聚全球高端生产要素的美丽富饶大湾区总体建设目标.为了实现这一目标,提出了六个具体行动路径:远程驱动,强化大湾区对全球生产要素的强大吸管效应,建成全球高端制造业和高端服务业基地;近程联动,无障碍畅通大湾区基础设施,提升基础设施和公共服务设施共建共享效率;湾内互动,引导高端要素向环珠江口集聚,拓展大湾区高质量发展新空间;智能撬动,加快大湾区智慧城市建设步伐,建成智能大湾区和智慧型城市群;绿色带动,推进大湾区生态建设与环境保护一体化,建成富饶美丽大湾区;体制先动,逐步理顺大湾区发展的体制机制,共建大湾区利益共同体和命运共同体.
为应对全球气候变化、实现绿色发展,推进中国与"一带一路"沿线国家绿色转型合作成为"一带一路"建设的重要研究课题.推进绿色转型合作既是全球环境保护和应对气候变化的需要,也是满足沿线国家经济发展绿色转型需求和实现中国高质量发展的内在要求;中国与沿线国家合作将通过空间溢出机制、直接增长机制、资源再配置机制促进绿色转型.目前,推进"一带一路"绿色转型合作仍然面临诸多挑战:沿线国家绿色转型需求多样化、实现工业化与绿色转型发展的矛盾、来自发达国家的绿色竞争、缺乏绿色投融资体系和绿色转型合作经验等.中国应注重合作的顶层设计、加大宣传力度、提升引领作用、积极参与绿色标准制定、发挥绿色金融作用、积极鼓励企业参与,以促进绿色转型和高质量发展.
建设自然资源资产交易市场是促进"碳达峰、碳中和"目标实现和提升自然资源开发利用效率的重要手段,深圳市大鹏新区具有建设自然资源资产交易市场的条件和优势.结合国内外自然资源资产交易市场建设的经验,建议大鹏新区建设国内首个陆海自然资源资产全覆盖的交易市场,重点要从建设自然资源资产交易平台、明确自然资源资产交易对象、制定自然资源资产交易规则、强化自然资源资产交易监管、加强自然资源交易能力建设等方面着力,探索陆海统筹自然资源资产交易的大鹏模式,争取成为自然资源资产交易的国家示范区.
1949年以来,中国的生态环境保护制度开启了一系列创新探索,重彩勾绘出生态环境保护制度的中国模式与中国特色,为解决当今人类面临的全球性生态环境危机提供了可供借鉴的中国方案和中国智慧.其中,1949-1978年的第一次创新探索,为中国生态环境保护制度体系的进一步完善与发展奠定了根本政治前提和制度基础;1978-2012年的第二次创新探索,构建了中国生态环境保护的法律体系以及具有中国特色的生态环境保护体制机制;2012年以来的第三次创新探索,将生态环境保护制度创新提升到生态文明体制改革的新高度,将人与自然的关系、经济发展与环境保护的关系、工业文明与生态文明的关系,推上了可持续、良性循环与高质量发展的崭新轨道.
黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展属于"十四五"时期国家重要战略布局.本文从空间地域、流域环境、水源分布、气候变化、城市与农村关系以及黄河流域产业的角度,系统分析黄河流域生态失衡现象,阐明生态和资源失衡对黄河流域生态环境及民生建设造成的影响;围绕黄河流域生态环境及区域条件,提出科学治理的技术手段和应用策略;基于多元统筹、协同联动机制,提出建设节水型社会、构建绿色发展框架、发展循环经济、推动产业优化升级、加强科技创新等建议.从而为强化黄河流域生态保护提供对策,为流域高质量发展提供参考.
城镇化是人类历史上最伟大的进程之一.城镇化模式的实质,是在不同发展内容和约束条件下的一个关于经济发展的最优空间组织方式问题.经济发展的根本目的,是为了提高人们福祉.工业革命后大规模城镇化现象的出现,根本动因是这种空间组织方式可以促进经济发展,从而提高人们福祉.从农业时代到工业时代,再到现在互联网条件下的绿色发展时代,随着发展理念和发展内容的深刻变化,经济发展对空间组织方式的要求也相应地发生实质性变化.现有的城镇化模式,不论是城市承载的内容,还是城市自身的组织方式,很大程度上是传统工业化模式的产物.当作为城镇化基础的传统工业化模式因不可持续而发生根本性转变时,城镇化模式也要相应地发生根本性转变.尤其是,目前全球范围的碳中和共识与行动,标志着传统工业时代的落幕,一个新的绿色发展时代的来临.新的发展范式必然要求新的城镇化模式.因此,思考城镇化问题,必须从传统工业文明思维转向生态文明思维.
