自我革命是党探索跳出历史周期律的历史逻辑、引领新时代社会革命的实践逻辑和回应百年未有之大变局的时代逻辑的辩证统一.自我革命有着丰富的内涵,是以巩固党的纯洁性、先进性、革命性和战斗性为目的的党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新和自我提高.以全面从严治党推进党的自我革命,要以政治建设为统领,坚守自我革命的政治方向;以理论武装凝心聚魂,打牢自我革命的思想根基;以整饬作风激浊扬清,维护自我革命的政治生态;以从严治吏匡正用人导向,健全自我革命的组织肌体;以严明纪律强化约束,丰富自我革命的有效途径;完善自我革命制度体系,强化自我革命的制度保证.
马克思以资本逻辑与物化之间的关系为主要线索,批判资本对劳动的统治.资本逻辑的实现经历了"人—物—人"的运行过程,在这个过程中,物化是资本逻辑运行的重要组成部分,资本主义经济关系以资本运动这种事物化的形式形成支配劳动的权力,颠倒的物化意识进一步为资本的统治提供了辩护.马克思的资本批判思想蕴含着物化批判这一维度,而资本逻辑的规制、物化社会关系的改变,是摆脱资本统治的内在要求.
以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴,关键在党,关键在人.新形势下,必须培育能够担当民族复兴重任的高素质干部队伍,大力提升领导干部的素质能力,而科学决策能力是领导干部素质能力的重要组成部分.意识是行动的先导,决策者正确的决策意识是确保高质量决策的重要条件.新时代领导干部应着力提升全局意识、问题意识、科学意识、民主意识、法治意识、创新意识.在新时代新征程中,主要通过营造干部健康成长的良好政治生态、完善科学决策的相关法规制度和领导干部自我努力来提升科学决策意识.
历史性是思想政治教育作为历史产物、历史活动与历史事物而具备的基本规定,这一理论特征生成于思想政治教育的历史发展过程.思想政治教育历史性特征蕴含三重理论内涵:第一,基于观念符合社会现实的逻辑理解思想政治教育存在的合理性;第二,基于辩证否定的逻辑把握思想政治教育发展的阶段性;第三,基于历史进步的理论逻辑审视思想政治教育历史的必然性.正确理解思想政治教育的历史性特征,是认识和调和思想政治教育内部多重矛盾或张力的重要前提,即有利于化解教育者知识灌输与教育对象批判反思之间的矛盾、思想政治教育现实性与超越性之间的张力、思想政治教育所呈现的意识形态性与科学性之间的张力以及思想政治教育历史与基础理论的矛盾.
大党独有难题的立论依据在于"世界上最大的马克思主义执政党"蕴含的规模巨大、理想远大、地位重大等要素,这些要素带来的挑战和提出的要求相互交织,共同构成了六个方面的大党独有难题."六个如何始终"意在引导全党时刻保持解决事关党长期执政的政治立场、政治保证、执政能力、精神动力、肌体健康、政治生态等方面问题的清醒和坚定.要解决好大党独有难题,必须在坚定理想信念的基础上持续巩固党的团结统一,在提升干事创业的能力水平与精神状态上持续发力,坚持以党的自我革命为引领,持续净化政治生态.
人类命运共同体理念融合了"天下为公"等中华优秀传统文化和以实践为鲜明特征的马克思主义理论,兼具深厚底蕴和时代活力,是一份能够正确回答"时代之问"的中国方案,展现出独特的中国智慧.这一理念不仅有助于促进各国间的政治互信、经贸合作、协同治理等,对于积极推进当前我国在国际舆论场中的话语权地位同样意义重大.新时代人类命运共同体理念的对外传播,需要做到:"官""民"同心,构建对外传播多元主体;"传""受"结合,推动对外传播良性循环;"新""旧"互补,打造对外传播立体矩阵;"知""行"并重,构建对外传播文化认同.
将马克思主义关于人的权益和人的幸福理想全方位、全过程、全中心地实施于新时代中国特色社会主义建设中,是马克思主义人权思想中国化在当代发展的核心向度与最高价值.站在中华民族伟大复兴的历史维度之上,新时代马克思主义人权思想中国化强调保证人的基本权利和全方位的发展从而实现人的幸福生活,倡导弘扬人自由自觉自主创造能力的空前发挥以便更好地改造当代世界,坚持从人的长远利益和人的根本存在出发遵循生态系统的客观规律.新时代马克思主义人权思想中国化需要以法治保障人民主体的权益,具有强烈的历史进步性;注重人民独立精神世界的发展,具有鲜明的民族传承性;主张以全球化合作推进世界民众的福祉实现,具有广泛的世界历史性.
人才振兴是乡村振兴的重要支撑,但现今各地针对农村地区的政策引才方式重"引才"轻"留才",造成了"引不进人、留不住才"的人才困境.笔者基于成本—收益框架分析与实地调研发现,农村地区与城市相比的公共服务短板,是人才困境的深层诱因,亟待从畅通县镇村人才交流机制、柔性引进急需人才和加强本地人才的培育和使用等方面优化政策供给,从打造县镇村三级阶梯的公共服务架构、公共服务供给主体多元多样化、县域内推动养老托幼服务产业建设、增加农村基础设施项目供给等方面补齐农村公共服务短板,提升农村地区人才吸引力,以厚实的人才基础为乡村振兴战略提供不竭的动力支持.
Improving the management efficiency of floating Party members is conducive to giving full play to the key role of primary-level Party organizations and the exemplary role of Party members, and effectively improving the service of Party construction, which has important practical significance for promoting the construction of primary-level Party organizations in the new era. At present, there are still many problems in carrying out the Party building work of floating Party members, such as the difficulty in getting the accurate data, the difficulty in education and management, the difficulty in carrying out activities, and the difficulty in playing a role. Empowering the management of floating Party members with the construction of smart Party building platform has powerful advantages such as dynamic management, personalized service, real-time participation and real-time supervision. In the new era, we can take full advantage of the smart Party building platform to improve the management efficiency of floating Party members by improving function construction, enhancing service effectiveness, coordinating mechanism construction, and paying attention to the online and offline linkage.
Democratic centralism is in accordance with actual case and has political, institutional, organizational and working advantages. These advantages can be highlighted and strengthened through the following ways: strengthen the scientific nature of political leadership by strengthening the positive interaction between democracy and centralism; ensure the effective operation of organizations through effective mechanisms; and improve the standardization of institutional governance through the rational play of functions. The implementation of democratic centralism thus can be improved through consolidating institutions, stimulating internal vitality, enhancing implementation effect, improving the subjective quality and strengthening the implementation supervision.
Marx discussed the essence and evolution of law, criticized the views of eternal law, the universal law, and the ontology of law, thus sublating the fetishism of law. Marx deconstructed the authority of law, tore off the false mask of the uniqueness and fairness of law, and affirmed the ideological nature of law. He believed that law could not solve all problems of human society. Marx believed that it was not necessary to eliminate the law in the society, but to standardize the operation of the law, dispel the blind worship of the law, and reconstruct the development path of human society. Socialism can treat the law rationally, adhere to the class and historical nature of the law, and let the law serve the people. Marx’s sublation of legal fetishism helps people think about the relationship between law and social development and form a system of rule of law with Chinese characteristics. The socialist construction of the rule of law is a comprehensive systematic project. We should uphold the leadership of the Party and the guidance of Marxism, improve the law-based system from all aspects, improve the degree of civilization of the rule of law, establish a law-based country and government, and safeguard the interests of the people.
Marx is the founder of the scientific view of happiness. Marx’s view of happiness explains the theoretical core and practical path of happiness. Based on the practical activities of "real man", Marx explored the inner connection between people’s happiness and the happiness of society and country, enriched the theoretical perspective of happiness, and developed the practical path of happiness from three levels: criticism of capital logic, elimination of alienated labor and acquisition of free time. In the new era, it is necessary for us to conscientiously study and master Marx’s view of happiness, which has practical implications for realizing people’s happiness, promoting social harmony and perfecting national policies in the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Studying the transformation process of the theoretical research of young Marx is an important perspective and dimension to grasp the stages of the development of Marx’s thought. Generally speaking, young Marx established and always adhered to the lofty ideal of striving for human happiness, continued the exploration of the philosophical worldview from the integration of theory with practice, insisted on promoting theoretical thinking with a critical attitude, and entered systematic theoretical research under the guidance of the Young Hegelian thought, which together constitute the main driving factors of this transformation. Summarizing and sorting out these factors is of great significance for in-depth understanding of the psychological process and ideological changes of the early theoretical research of young Marx.
The reason why the view of correct Party history has become a powerful theoretical weapon for the whole Party and people to correctly understand the Party history lies in its profound correctness. The generation of its correctness has a distinct significance of the times, including against the attack from western thoughts of ’’anti-Marxism’’ and the infiltration of historical nihilism in different fields, the construction of the popularized discourse system of historical materialism and the establishment of the targets’ main position in the new era. The above logical motivations effectively promote the construction and generation of the ’’correctness’ ’ of the view of correct Party history. Its “correctness” is composed of the correctness of Party history ideas, knowledge, practice, methods and objects. In the new era, the ’’correctness’ ’ of correct Party history has multi-dimensional epistemological enlightenment such as holistic view, dialectical view, development view and view of seeking truth from facts.
In his later years, Engels maintained, defended and developed the Marxist theory, and put forward many new ideas and new assertions on the state issue, including the new understanding of capitalism from negation to sublation, the strategic transformation of the proletarian liberation approach to the comprehensive use of revolution and peace, regarding socialist society as a constantly changing society and the thought of "historical resultant force". These theories, based on the perspective of historical materialism, explained and developed the Marxist theory of the state from Marxist philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism. They were not only directly used to guide the specific practice of the international communist movement at that time, but also still have important enlightenment on how to achieve the rule of civilization in a socialist country amid global changes of a magnitude not seen in a century.
Social forms and civilization forms are descriptions used in the historical materialism of Marxism to refer to the history of human development. The former, based on the unity of economic base of productive forces and superstructure, describes the stages in the history of human development. It includes economic, political and ideological forms of society. The latter refers to the development degree of the human society or civilization degree and progress of human beings. It is an expression of the organizational forms of human activities for existence, focusing on the wealth created by human and value options. So far, our society has gone through the forms of primitive society, slavery society, feudal society, capitalist society and socialist society（the primary stage of communism）. Civilization has evolved from pre-civilization to inherently split civilization and is now striving towards a new form of civilization with future civilization features. Social systems and civilization forms are different yet associated with each other. They promote the development of each other and evolve in the same direction. They can refer to the same historical stage of society from different aspects but must be properly used.
Marx understood the subject and subjectivity from the reality of human beings and labor practice, and realized the transcendence of modern Western philosophy. Marx’s thought on subjectivity reflects the practical relation, cognitive relation, value relation and the principle of subjectivity from ontology, epistemology, axiology and methodology. Understanding and mastering the connotation of these four dimensions in the inheritance and development of Marx’s thought on subjectivity and combining the ideological theory with the social reality, will help to create the new form of Marx’s though on subjectivity which is suitable for the new development stage, and give full play to the contemporary value of Marx’s thought on subjectivity.
中国特色社会主义制度是推动当代中国发展进步的根本保障。从制度现代化建设的现实要求出发，学界围绕中国特色社会主义制度进行原创性思考和思辨性分析，取得了丰硕的研究成果。对这些研究进行系统梳理后我们可知，该领域的科研成果总体稳步上升，产生了以教授为主体的核心作者群，同时形成了以党校、高校和研究院为一体的核心研究团体。笔者基于中国特色社会主义制度研究文献的关键词知识图谱分析发现，该领域的热点主题包括党的领导、马克思主义、中国特色社会主义、制度自信和国家治理等。学者们应继续从注重理论阐释与实践探索相统一、实现整体探讨与具体分析相结合、推动解构西方制度话语和建构中国制度话语同步进行等方面深化中国特色社会主义制度的研究。
Strengthening political inspections is a theoretical and practical innovation of inspection work in the new era. Political inspection is an inspection system based on politics and its fundamental purpose is to maintain the leadership of the CPC. Strengthening political inspection not only improves the Party’s internal system, but also fundamentally implements the Party’s people-centered governing idea, and also enhances the Party’s ability to cope with changes in the world. The generation of political inspection has scientific theoretical basis, rich practical experience and urgent realistic driving force. However, there are still many difficulties in system guarantee, self construction, rectification and application, which form obstacles to the further development of political inspection. Under the new situation, we must firmly adhere to the fundamental people-centered direction, uphold the authority of Party leadership, strengthen the construction of a systematic supervision pattern, always clarify the focus of political inspection, and improve the efficiency of inspection, so as to ensure the continuous promotion of political inspection.
The report to the 20th CPC National Congress empathized adhering to the systems thinking. System has four attributes: integrity, structure, hierarchy and openness. The systems thinking is to observe the world and analyze problems as a whole. The philosophical implication of systems thinking lies in that it is not only the inherent requirement of Marxist materialist dialectics, but an important method of our Party’s work as well. The practical significance of the systems thinking is that our leading officials should start from the attributes of system, promote in an overall manner, optimize the structure, sort out levels and expand opening up.
