Since the mid-1990s, charitable organizations in the modern sense began to take off in China. Despite being a mid-scale form of organizational expression of social awakening during the reform process, the growth of charitable organizations has often been characterized by “small yet weak, weak yet living” due to the constraints of a ‘strong state vs. weak society’. This paper focuses on the growth of charitable organizations and attempts to propose a new analytical framework. The growth of charitable organizations can be viewed from three perspectives, namely size, professionalism and vitality. A charity needs to absorb and effectively integrate various resources, and this process is also influenced by the trust structure within the organization. Further, there are two types of trust expansion within charitable organizations: relational trust and institutional trust, these accompanied by two types of external resource compatibility: community resources and government resources. Based on this, this paper proposes an analytical framework for the growth of charitable organizations based on trust expansion and resource compatibility, and argues that the characteristic ‘small yet weak, weak yet living’ growth of charitable organizations is due to the dual constraints of insufficient trust expansion in their internal governance structures and unstable compatibility with external resources. The discussion in this paper not only enriches the traditional perspective of government-society relations, but also focuses on the neglected internal aspects of charitable organizations, providing theoretical implications for the quality development of charity.
Japan's Oriental studies was the first to name China's traditional intellectual heritage as"philosophy"and confirm its philosophical attributes.They established the disciplines of"Oriental Philosophy"and"Chinese Philosophy,"which,along with"Oriental History,"became the impetus for the formation of Japan's"Oriental Studies".At the same time,Oriental scholars wrote a series of works on the history of Chinese philosophy,which shifted the study of Chinese philosophy from national philosophy to regional philosophy,confirmed the value and status of Chinese philosophy in Orien-tal philosophy,and made value judgments based on their research.Among them,Tetsujiro Inoue's study of Confucian phi-losophy and his evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese philosophy,and Tsuda Sōkichi's denial of the philosophical attributes of Taoist thought and his devaluation of its value,are the most distinctive and sharp,and also the most representative.From the perspective of academic history,these evaluations,whether positive or negative,commendato-ry or derogatory,are helpful in bringing Chinese philosophy and Oriental philosophy into the vision of world philosophy,and in the modern transformation of Chinese traditional philosophy,thus worthy of our analysis,research,and reevaluation.
The relationship between the Mandarin Duck-Butterfly School prose and the Shanghai School prose is not a direct source-flow one,which is similar to as well as different from novels.The prose of the Mandarin Duck-Butterfly School directly originated from traditional literature,especially classical prose,and has always advocated for the"expres-sion of aspirations"or"spirituality"of traditional literature,rather than the"marketplace"or"entertainment"novels have always had.However,as a dual line development,there has always been a complex dialogue between the Mandarin Duck-Butterfly School prose of the same period,the same area,the"other",learning from others'experience,and the Shanghai School prose,which earlier reflected the basic characteristics of the Shanghai School prose.They together reflect the con-text of Shanghai's urban development and the spiritual memory of old Shanghai.More importantly,the cultural form of the new and old Shanghai style prose embodies the characteristics of Shanghai's counter-unification,illogicality,differenti-ation,and unfinished qualities in the Shanghai-style culture,which is the"societal focal point"(as opposed to Beijing,the"political focal point").It is a popular culture that tends towards people,reality,and life,and the best representative regional urban culture that has never been seen in the history of Chinese cultural development;it also represents the en-tire urban culture of modern China,representing a specific period of urban China-a modern material civilization that is different from rural China.
Constructing a local government governance capacity measurement system from three aspects of collaborative governance capacity,resource governance capacity and tool governance capacity to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and obstacle factors of the government governance capacity of the core cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2011 to 2021 leads to discoveries as follows:①Overall local government governance capacity of the Yangtze River Delta is at a low level,a structurally imbalance predicable in the long run,in which the resource governance capacity constitutes the main body driving the development of local governance,and the tool governance capacity also shows signs of slow increase,but the lack of collaborative governance capacity is the prominent defect.②The governance capacity of local governments in the Yangtze River Delta presents a spatial distribution characteristic of"core prominence,local con-tiguousness",in which can be found a significant positive spatial correlation in 2014 and 2017,but after 2021,there is a regional polarization effect of the governance capacity of local governments,and the spatial correlation is being weakened.③Synergistic cooperation among local governments low,participation of foreign-funded enterprises scarce,fiscal revenue&expenditure insufficient,competence of local officials poor,these are the current key obstacles restricting the development of local governance capacity in the Yangtze River Delta.
Hayek believes that there are three fallacies in the methodology of scientism:objectivism,collectivism and historicism.Social-engineering is a typical application case of scientism in society.Hayek advocated the research of social science with subjectivism,individualism and synthesized approach.GPT is a new mixture of objectivism,individualism and evolutionism,which puts aside the collectivism and historicism opposed by Hayek,retaining objectivism,and introduces the integrated approach of individualism and evolutionism advocated by Hayek into it.To a large extent,GPT shows some characteristics of spontaneous order,shown mainly in the spontaneous emergence of intelligence,punctuated equilibrium of economic order,and emergent monopoly of LLM.On the basis of the evolution of GPT,a kind of spontaneous order has been formed.However,this spontaneous order is not the ideal order in Hayek's vision,because it ultimately leads to the monopoly of LLM.The core of Altman's utopian social project is a cyber-utopia that cultivates the development of artifi-cial intelligence to be shared by mankind as a whole.Altman's emphasis on universal basic income may be motivated by a holistic consideration about the future,a fear of the powerful effects of technology,and a business strategy for corporate development.Although Altman has put forward a whole set of utopian social-engineering ideas,there are many thinking fractures in the solution of the problem.On the basis of GPT technology,a new type of slavery may emerge,an enslave-ment of human beings by algorithms and machines.On the other hand,GPT seems to have described a new approach to freedom.How to tame technology with institutionalized power while allowing it to advance,leading humanity into a more idealized status on the basis of science and technology is of vital importance.
