Objetivo: Este estudio analiza la relación entre la remuneración ejecutiva (fija y variable) y el gasto en investigación y desarrollo (I+D), utilizado como indicador del esfuerzo innovador, en empresas que cotizan en la bolsa brasileña. El estudio examina cómo la estructura de incentivos mitiga la aversión al riesgo gerencial en sectores donde la innovación es estratégica. La investigación orienta el análisis de la relación entre la remuneración ejecutiva y la intensidad de las inversiones en I+D en empresas brasileñas de tecnología media-alta y alta. Metodología: Esta investigación utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y documental, analizando datos de 53 empresas brasileñas que cotizan en bolsa entre 2010 y 2022. El enfoque se centra en empresas con niveles de desarrollo tecnológico medio-alto y alto, según la clasificación de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), adaptada por la Encuesta de Innovación Industrial (PINTEC/IBGE). Los datos se analizaron mediante regresión lineal con datos de panel, controlando variables como tamaño, endeudamiento, rentabilidad y COVID-19. Resultados: Los resultados demuestran que la estructura de compensación influye en la disposición de los directivos a asignar recursos a la innovación. Los hallazgos indican que, si bien existe una correlación positiva entre los incentivos variables de compensación ejecutiva y la I+D, esta relación se ve moderada por la aversión al riesgo y las características sectoriales. Esto sugiere que la compensación variable actúa como un mecanismo parcial para mitigar el conflicto de agencia, pero su eficacia depende de su equilibrio con los objetivos a corto plazo. Contribuciones del Estudio: Esta investigación contribuye a la literatura al demostrar cómo funciona la Teoría de la Agencia en un mercado emergente, donde factores como la inestabilidad institucional influyen en las decisiones contables de los gerentes. El estudio muestra que, para las empresas de alta tecnología en Brasil, alinear los intereses mediante la compensación ejecutiva es crucial para sustentar proyectos a largo plazo en lugar de resultados inmediatos.
Purpose: To investigate accounting students' perceptions concerning the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) and social media use on their academic performance and mental well-being, as well as to examine the mediating effect of intelligent learning on these relationships. Methodology: The study adopted a quantitative approach, using a structured questionnaire to 222 undergraduate accounting students from universities located in the western and southwestern regions of Paraná. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling through the partial least squares method (PLS-SEM). Results: The results indicate that students perceive AI as a resource that favors their academic performance, but not their mental well-being. In contrast, social media, despite not influencing performance, demonstrated a relevant effect in promoting mental well-being. It was found that intelligent learning mediates the effects of AI on academic performance and social media on mental well-being, indicating that their effects manifest themselves when they are aligned with the contribution of each technology, cognitive in AI and emotional in social media. Contributions of the Study: The study contributes by highlighting the effects of AI and social media on teaching, with intelligent learning acting as a mediator. It is evident that these technologies tend to support different aspects of the educational process, with AI associated with cognitive aspects and social media with the socio-emotional aspects of the learning experience. The conclusions can guide pedagogical practices aligned with students' perceptions and reinforce the integration of technology and emotional support in promoting students' mental well-being.
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between value distribution indicators reported in the Value Added Statement (VAS) and ESG scores of Brazilian oil and gas companies listed on B3, covering the period from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: The research is classified as descriptive, documentary, and quantitative. Data were collected from companies’ financial statements and the Refinitiv Eikon database. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, and multiple linear regression models, including control variables related to firm size, leverage, and financial performance. Results: The results indicated statistically significant associations in bivariate analyses, particularly in the environmental and social dimensions, which proved to be more limited when examined in multivariate models. A positive relationship was identified between internally generated value and ESG performance, as well as between value distribution to government and ESG indicators. Conversely, value distribution to shareholders showed a negative relationship with ESG scores. No significant associations were found between VAS indicators and the governance dimension. Contributions of the Study: This study contributes to the literature by integrating accounting-based value distribution metrics with ESG indicators, grounded in stakeholder, legitimacy, and voluntary disclosure theories. Additionally, it advances empirical research by focusing on a high environmental impact sector, providing evidence that may support managers and investors in understanding the interaction between financial performance and sustainability practices.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of firm life cycle stages on the relationship between tax avoidance and cash flow persistence in the Brazilian context. Methodology: A multiple linear regression model estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was employed on a sample of 2,034 observations of Brazilian non-financial firms listed on the stock exchange. The firm life cycle analysis employed the model proposed by Dickinson (2011). Total and Permanent Book-Tax Differences (BTD) were used to measure tax avoidance. Results: The results suggest that tax avoidance is positively related to cash flow persistence, with the growth stage strengthening this relationship, while the maturity and decline stages weaken it. These results highlight that permanent tax strategies are superior to temporary ones in terms of firms’ ability to retain cash. Contributions: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting that temporary and permanent tax reduction strategies present distinct results in terms of their ability to influence future cash flows. While previous research has documented that temporary differences harm earning persistence, this study demonstrated that permanent differences favor cash flow persistence. As a practical implication, the research is useful for investors, analysts, and other users of accounting information, who can appropriately utilize information on tax avoidance and business life cycle in their company valuation models.
Purpose: To analyze the influence of the political and professional profile of public officials on the provision of mechanisms that promote vertical accountability in the local health system in Brazil. Methodology: This qualitative study was developed in two stages. In the first stage, a structured questionnaire organized into thematic blocks was administered to 83 Municipal Health Departments, with the objective of characterizing the professional and political-party profiles of managers and respondents' perceptions regarding vertical accountability instruments. The second stage involved documentary analysis of the official websites of the corresponding 83 municipalities regarding the presence, accessibility, and functioning of vertical accountability instruments. Data were analyzed through documentary analysis and descriptive statistics, organized in electronic spreadsheets, categorized and compared. Results: There is an influence of the political and professional profile of public health managers on the improvement of vertical accountability mechanisms in local governments. The study findings show that secretaries with political party affiliation demonstrated below-average performance in offering or maintaining vertical accountability instruments compared to those without party affiliation. Regarding professional profile, results indicated better performance by health managers with educational background related to health and higher education degrees. Contributions of the study: This study provides original empirical evidence on how individual characteristics of municipal health managers—notably the absence of political party affiliation and professional training in the health field—are positively associated with the existence and effective functioning of vertical accountability mechanisms. By triangulating self-reported data with documentary verification across 83 Brazilian municipalities, the research advances beyond normative literature to demonstrate that the politicization of appointments compromises both the formal availability of these instruments and their actual capacity to promote transparency, responsiveness, and social oversight. These findings reinforce the importance of decoupling technical criteria from partisan logic in appointments to strategic positions within the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS in portuguese), thereby contributing to both theoretical debates on subnational governance and policy formulation aimed at strengthening democratic administration in public health.
