Objective: To deduce and critically examine the moral framework that enables the justification and exercise of violence in Colombia, following the hermeneutic analysis of the network of notions that sustain it: the logic of means and ends, the emphasis on individualism, biopower, state racism, recognition, and disdain. Two questions are addressed: the one posed in the epigraph and its formulation within the Colombian context. Methodology: The study employed the epistemological approaches and methodological resources of Ricoeur’s hermeneutic phenomenology and Honneth’s critical hermeneutic analysis, which are complementary and mutually supportive. Results: The answers unfold the idea proposed in the title: the climate of violence experienced by Colombian society —one in which broad sectors of youth participate— creates precarious conditions for the conduct of life, as it intensifies relations of contempt experienced as moral offense. Conclusions: Ricoeur’s hermeneutics and critical theory constitute appropriate mechanisms for revising the anthropological conception and the ethics of violence that underlie the theoretical frameworks allowing its justification, frameworks that have led a portion of the impoverished youth population into exclusion and into the disdain of society and of themselves. Furthermore, these theories offer guidelines for the transformation of thought and action.
Objetivo: identificar las estrategias desplegadas por mujeres rurales de Hidalgo, México, que trabajan en la informalidad en mercados municipales de Pachuca de Soto para sostener la vida familiar. Metodología: se realizaron entrevistas de tipo etnográfico a 21 mujeres con edades entre 20 y 63 años, casadas o viviendo en unión libre, y con hijas e hijos de diversas edades, entre febrero y abril del 2022. Los datos se organizaron y analizaron a partir de las teorías feministas de la economía y del punto de vista. Los elementos de análisis fueron: a) percepción del trabajo en condiciones de informalidad durante la pandemia por COVID-19; b) impactos personales y sociales de las estrategias utilizadas para enfrentar la pandemia y sostener la vida familiar; y c) tipos de participación de las y los integrantes de los hogares en el trabajo doméstico y decuidados. Resultados: las medidas de confinamiento frente a la pandemia recrudecieron las desigualdades de género e intensificaron el tiempo de pobreza de las participantes. Conclusiones: el trabajo de cuidados y doméstico para la subsistencia familiar actuó como un paliativo para mitigar la pobreza; sin embargo, se precarizaron sus condiciones económicas patrimoniales y de salud, e incrementó su pobreza.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of psychological interventions delivered by students in training at university counseling centers under a teaching–service model. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive design was used, applying the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2) before and after the therapeutic process. The initial sample included 167 clients, of whom 98 completed both measurements and were therefore analyzed. The mean age was 37 years (SD = 14.1), and 59.2% were women. Results: A significant decrease was observed in the total OQ-45.2 score, from a mean of 65.23 to 53.77 points (p < 0.001), indicating clinical improvement, although not reaching the threshold required for a reliable change (17 points). Subscales also showed reductions: symptomatic distress (-5.25), interpersonal relations (-1.91), and social role performance (-1.3), all with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The main reasons for consultation were related to family difficulties and psychosocial factors (62.2%), followed by mental disorders (37.7%), with anxiety-and stress-related conditions being the most common. Most users had no psychological (73.5%) or psychiatric (91.8%) history, and 16.3% were receiving pharmacological treatment. The most frequent therapeutic approach was psychodynamic (44.9%). Conclusions: The psychological care processes provided by trainees generated significant improvements in users’ mental health. This highlights the relevance of the teaching-service model as a strategy for clinical training and community impact.
Objective: To understand the aporetic situations generated by the use of digitalplatforms in the intermediation of domestic work performed by women in Bogotá D.C from a socio-legal perspective. This is analyzed in light of the social reconfiguration produced by super-modernity, a phenomenon Marc Augé terms the “non-place” Methodology: Qualitative, based on case studies through a hermeneutic analysis, starting from the legal-normative framework to delve, —based on the concept of the “non-place”— into the sociocultural dimensions of the relationships shaped by the use of digital platforms in domestic work. Results: The legal configuration of digital intermediation, grounded in classical assumptions of time and space in employment contracts, was found to produce aporetic situations sustained by conditions of turnover, dispensability, and segregation, which prevent the weaving of symbolic interactionsamong the concurrent population. Conclusions: Three discussion categories arise that must be considered in the socio-legal debate on domestic work mediated by digital platforms: 1) the diffuse space of legal regulation in labor relations, 2) sociospatial segregation, and 3) exclusion to non-historical spaces generated by the digital intermediation model.
Objective: To analyze scientific production and trends regarding the relationship between cancer, delayed diagnosis, and health systems from a comprehensive perspective. Methodology: Bibliometric techniques were applied using the Scopus database, including productivity indicators and bibliographic coupling network analysis. Temporal trends and distribution by authors, journals, countries, and areas of knowledge were examined. Results: Delayed diagnosis is explained by personal factors (age, education, and beliefs), social factors (economic, cultural, and geographic conditions), and structural factors (institutional fragmentation and weak coordination among actors). Five research clusters were identified: determinants of delayed diagnosis, therapeutic options, socioeconomic factors, the impact of COVID-19, and life expectancy as a conditioning factor in treatment decisions. Conclusions: Reducing delayed diagnoses requires strategies at the macro, meso, and micro levels, prioritizing health promotion, disease prevention, and the guarantee of the right to life and health.
Objective: Objective: to provide a review and bibliometric analysis of global research on female unemployment during the Covid-19 pandemic, with the aim of identifying its evolution and determining predominant trends. Methodology: Using the Scopus database, documents relevant to the topic were selected and subsequently processed through bibliometric tools such as Tree of Science (ToS), Bibliometrix, and Gephi. Results: The most influential countries, journals, authors, and documents related to the topic were identified. The documents were classified into three groups based on the “tree of science” metaphor: classical/seminal works, structural contributions, and perspectives. This latter group revealed current research trends in studies on female unemployment in the context of the pandemic. Conclusions: Female unemployment experienced a marked increase during the Covid-19 pandemic, intensifying the challenges faced by this population. Furthermore, the findings show that mental health, gender inequality, and socioeconomic repercussions have become central axes in the field’s research agenda.
Objective: The present paper discusses an account on the epistemological foundation of argumentation schemes through the defeasible reasoning theory of ranking beliefs and the ceteris paribus defeasible approach of Wolfgang Spohn (2012). Hence, the purpose is to model a general scheme of reasoning for any argumentation scheme given Spohn’s ceteris paribus conditions model. Methodology: Spohn’s proposal of a general form of normality ceteris paribus laws is capable of being used as an a priori model to every kind of defeasible reasoning normativity, including argumentation schemes in the field of the informal logic. Results: The main result is the structure of a general scheme of reasoning for any argumentation scheme: 1. A is a necessary and sufficient reason to believe in B, iff given that believe in (B/A)>0≥ believe in (B/-A) and believe in (B/A)≥0>believe in (B/-A), that is to say, Ceteris paribus; 2. A is the case; 3. therefore, B must be believed. Conclusions: Normality of conditions is related to a centered epistemic agent in a given background. We believe defeasible a priori the ceteris paribus hypothesis and then we start the use of the mechanism of argumentation scheme. Argumentation schemes are either stereotypical pattern of defeasible reasoning, when the premises only support with likelihood and other things being normal, the acceptance of the conclusion. Practical reasoning is, then, defeasible in essence.
Objective: To discover the trend of the magic of reality through the analytical study of the novel “Un viejo que leía novelas de amor” (The Old Man Who Read Love Stories) by the Chilean writer Luis Sepulveda. Methodology: Bakhtinian methods as well as a comparative analysis of this trend with dominant trends of Boom and Postboom period, academic documents, several editions of the novel, extracts from the narrated story and literary interviews were used. Results: Certain dichotomies and ethical messages that show the author's literary symbolism on protection of the Amazon rainforest, and its tribes and animals are examined. There are answers to the questions regarding the existence of the trend in the magic of reality in the aforementioned novel by Luis Sepúlveda. Conclusions: Through the life of the old man Antonio Proaño within the Amazon rainforest, it becomes clear that the magic of reality is found within the dialogue and daily incidents of the novel’s protagonists, which focus the power of the words that represents the Latin American magical environment.
The nursing profession is highly esteemed, as a result of collective effort and advances in science and technology. Objective: To examine the perception of nursing in the postpandemic period within the social sphere. Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive approach grounded in Moscovici’s theory of social representations was used. The study took place in a public-sector institution. The number of participants was determined by data saturation, considering the following criteria: being family members of patients cared for in the institution, being between 20 and 60 years old, and agreeing to participate by signing informed consent. The instrument consisted of an interview guide with fourteen open-ended questions, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using a chromatic coding technique, the most salient data were selected and organized into categories. Results: Findings were discussed in accordance with the theory and qualitative research method: conceptualization of the theory, empirical data, comparison, and logical reasoning. Results were presented by category, which included: perception of nursing during the pandemic, performance during the pandemic, social prestige, professional identity, professional visibility, professional development, professional competence, and nursing professionalism. Conclusions: The study shows how the perception of nursing has changed in the context of post-pandemic interventions related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Objective: To evaluate employment quality in Colombia during 2025, considering gender differences and their distribution across regions and branches of economic activity. Methodology: Using data from the June 2025 Integrated Household Survey (GEIH) and the methodological approaches proposed by Hidalgo and Tarapuez (2022) and Chen and Mehdi (2018), objective and subjective employment quality indices were calculated by gender. Additionally, estimates were produced for economic activity branches according to the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), and for the 23 main cities and metropolitan areas in Colombia. Results: Objective employment quality in Colombia is low, with better outcomes in public administration and mining. Medellín, Manizales, and Bogotá show the highest scores, while Sincelejo and Riohacha present the poorest conditions. However, subjective perception is high and does not reflect actual labor conditions. Conclusions: The study reveals that subjective employment quality in Colombia surpasses objective quality, highlighting tensions between perception and reality. Sectoral and gender differences, persistent urban gaps, and methodological limitations are identified, providing updated bases for public policy and academic debate.
La informalidad laboral en América Latina no es una anomalía institucional ni un residuo premoderno, es la forma contemporánea de gobierno económico y social del Sur Global. Esta editorial propone una lectura estructural de la informalidad como dispositivo político que garantiza la competitividad del capitalismo global mediante la externalización del riesgo y la desposesión de derechos. La evidencia presentada en el dossier muestra que el fenómeno adopta múltiples expresiones —plataformización del trabajo doméstico, tercerización de la seguridad, sobrecarga femenina rural, subjetivación de la precariedad, y desvalorización del cuidado sanitario—, pero todas remiten a una misma lógica: la reducción de la ciudadanía social y el vaciamiento del trabajo como derecho. La informalidad no es ausencia de Estado, sino presencia selectiva y funcional a la transferencia de valor desde los sectores feminizados, rurales y periféricos hacia las élites económicas. De este modo, la economía real del cuidado, la salud comunitaria y la subsistencia cotidiana sostienen lo que las estadísticas no reconocen. Las luchas contemporáneas por el trabajo superan la fábrica y se desplazan hacia la reproducción social, los territorios y la vida cotidiana, lo que obliga a repensar la noción de «trabajo digno» como horizonte democrático y no como residuo contractual. Recuperar la centralidad política del cuidado y la reproducción social implica desmontar la ficción de la informalidad como una «excepción», y nombrarla como una estructura central del capitalismo periférico. Allí donde el derecho retrocede, no hay vacío: hay despojo.
Objective: To analyze discursive practices on sustainable development (SD), understood as differentiated institutional and community genres, from the perspective of Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), using the Cenagoso del Bajo Sinú Wetland Complex as a case study. Methodology: A qualitative approach was employed based on the three-dimensional CDA model, combining a systematic literature review with empirical analysis of a discursive corpus. Databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and SciELO were consulted, prioritizing studies on sustainability, environmental policies, and wetland governance. The corpus included environmental regulations, public policy documents, and semi-structured interviews with rural farmers. The analysis was organized along the textual, practice, and sociocultural dimensions of the model, allowing the identification of power relations and tensions surrounding the discursive production of sustainability. Results: The analysis revealed that discourse on SD operates as a hegemonic bureaucratic device that, once institutionalized, legitimizes territorial appropriation in the Wetland Complex and renders community knowledge invisible. Within N. Fairclough’s framework, discursive asymmetries were identified that conceal processes of dispossession and environmental degradation beneath the rhetoric of sustainability. Conclusions: SD discourse imposes a bureaucratic logic that weakens its real implementation. This narrative obscures community knowledge.
Objective: To analyze the symbolic efficacy of Catholic language in shaping the Caribbean geographic frontier in the area of the department of Antioquia within the Colombian State, a process in which Laura Montoya and her religious congregation “María Inmaculada y Santa Catalina de Sena” took part between 1917 and 1930. Methodology: This is a social history study. Laura Montoya’s discourses were examined on the basis of “linguistic equations” that account for the symbolic efficacy of Catholic language and for the symbolic power of the alliance between the State, the Catholic Church, and Antioquian society in the domination of national frontiers. Within this process of national incorporation, the participation of Laura Montoya through her religious pedagogy was crucial. Results: The incorporation of forest territories into the national order depended on women’s participation. Indigenous women were evangelized and became responsible for disseminating a new moral order that facilitated the selective presence of the State and the Catholic Church. Conclusions: Laura Montoya’s Catholic and evangelizing mission brought into the national order a geographic area that had been regarded as a national frontier.
Objective: To examine labor informality in private police forces in Mexico based on the results of the National Survey of Occupation and Employment, published quarterly by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Methodology: To understand its transformation, data from 2012 to 2024 are analyzed, and to deepen the study of the phenomenon, various socioeconomic variables are examined using the results from the third quarter of 2024. Results: The findings show an increase in the number of people working in this sector as a consequence of the growing demand for security in the country, but they also reveal high levels of labor informality, which are particularly acute among guards and doormen in private households, and among individuals withvulnerabilities associated with gender, age, schooling, among others. This informality, in addition to directly affecting individuals’ economic conditions, triggers other social problems that intensify among populations with greater vulnerabilities and deepen existing inequalities. Conclusions: The conclusions drawn for Mexico are contrasted with a review of the literature on this phenomenon in other Latin American countries, contributing to the discussion on labor informality in this sector, which constitutes a regional social problem.
Objetivo: analizar las nuevas problemáticas que surgen de la introducción de nuevos marcos teóricos, principalmente el transnacionalismo, aplicado a los estudios migratorios. Particularmente, el enfoque sobre las diásporas como actores internacionales y su participación política a dos bandas —en origen y en destino—se focalizan en las ciudadanías, dobles ciudadanías y voto. Este trabajo se centra en los casos de los Estados sub-nacionales que, por definición, no detentan soberanías propias y, por lo tanto, no pueden otorgar ciudadanía ni derecho al voto. Metodología: es un estudio cuantitativo con base en los guarismos aportados por organismos estatales del Estado español. Resultados: el análisis demuestra que la participación transnacional es poca, aunque va creciendo. En un sistema electoral tan complejo, cada voto cuenta y por eso es tan valioso hacer escuchar la voz de la diáspora. Conclusiones: el voto desde la diáspora es importante tanto para el grupo como para Navarra, porque aporta otra mirada y otro enfoque político que es enriquecedor.
Objective: the objective of this work is the analysis of the development of studies and research on migration from psychology in Latin America, seeking to identify the characteristics of the construction of this field and object of knowledge from the category of acculturation stress. Methodology: the analysis was privileged through a narrative review. A total of thirteen studies on this issue were found, which account for some approaches to the problematic relationship that has been defined for this work: stress due to acculturation and mental health of migrants, an aspect that in turn guided the eligibility criteria and exclusion for the selection of the articles that were analyzed. Results: the importance that the development of the concept of "acculturation" had for intercultural psychology, which describes the effects that migration has on individuals in their process of "adaptation" to a new society and its effects on mental health, is identified. , trying to explain it through the concept of stress due to acculturation, likewise, the development of this theme is identified mainly in migrants in high-income countries from little differentiated approaches that do not allow to notice the inclusion of new variables from the identity referents of certain minorities in the same way that there is a prevalence of quantitative studies without differential approaches Conclusions: an advance was found in the epistemological relationship between psychology and migrations from the approaches of acculturation stress in the framework of the new dynamisms of migrations in Latin America, however, it is still an issue and a marginal object of study, which allows us to conclude that the issue of mental health does not fall within the relevant issues when addressing academically, the migratory experience, in the same way, the use of the concept of acculturation that implies migrant's responsibility to adapt, even at the cost of losing their own identity references, without questioning the provisions of the host societies that facilitate or hinder this process. A path has already been traveled around the contributions of psychology to acculturation stress and the relationship between mental health and migration, however, there is still a debt in this field the objective of this work is the analysis of the development of studies and research on migration from psychology in Latin America, seeking to identify the characteristics of the construction of this field and object of knowledge from the category of acculturation stress. Methodology: the analysis was privileged through a narrative review. A total of thirteen studies on this issue were found, which account for some approaches to the problematic relationship that has been defined for this work: stress due to acculturation and mental health of migrants, an aspect that in turn guided the eligibility criteria and exclusion for the selection of the articles that were analyzed. Results: the importance that the development of the concept of "acculturation" had for intercultural psychology, which describes the effects that migration has on individuals in their process of "adaptation" to a new society and its effects on mental health, is identified. , trying to explain it through the concept of stress due to acculturation, likewise, the development of this theme is identified mainly in migrants in high-income countries from little differentiated approaches that do not allow to notice the inclusion of new variables from the identity referents of certain minorities in the same way that there is a prevalence of quantitative studies without differential approaches Conclusions: an advance was found in the epistemological relationship between psychology and migrations from the approaches of acculturation stress in the framework of the new dynamisms of migrations in Latin America, however, it is still an issue and a marginal object of study, which allows us to conclude that the issue of mental health does not fall within the relevant issues when addressing academically, the migratory experience, in the same way, the use of the concept of acculturation that implies migrant's responsibility to adapt, even at the cost of losing their own identity references, without questioning the provisions of the host societies that facilitate or hinder this process. A path has already been traveled around the contributions of psychology to acculturation stress and the relationship between mental health and migration, however, there is still a debt in this field
Se presentan vivencias familiares de parejas que adoptaron a sus hijos en Medellín, a través del ICBF. Objetivo: entender el significado que las parejas atribuyen a la forma como se generó el vínculo afectivo en la etapa de adaptación de su proceso adoptivo. Metodología: cualitativa, enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico, tipología estudio de caso múltiple, técnica entrevista a profundidad, instrumentos guía de preguntas abiertas, línea del tiempo. Resultados: se da cuenta de la particularidad de cada vivencia en la construcción del vínculo afectivo con hijos adoptivos. La etapa de adaptación se extendió en el tiempo y fue definida por las parejas como una etapa extremadamente intensa, dado que la vinculación no puede medirse cronológicamente, se construye emocionalmente en la relación intersubjetiva. Conclusiones: la complejidad del proceso de vinculación en la adopción no puede dimensionarse por anticipado, la vinculación afectiva es producto de un acercamiento bilateral y paciente por parte de los padres que requiere afecto, validación de las emociones y aceptación de las fragilidades de todos. En la mayoría de los casos estudiados se presentó el rechazo asincrónico de los niños hacia algunos de sus padres adoptivos, que generó sentimientos de frustración, desilusión y desesperanza, y exigió estrategias de afrontamiento.
This paper presents some reflections of applying the principle of common but differentiated responsibility to address the climate refugee crisis. Objective: the objective is to establish discussion guidelines for developed nations, the primary contributors to climate change, and the country’s most susceptible to climate variations or rising sea levels, regarding the invocation of the principle of common but differentiated responsibility. Methodology: the methodology employed a documentary analysis of information from specialized databases. The author constructed a three-level citation network – in-degree, out-degree, and betweenness – on topics related to 'climate refugees' or 'environmental responsibility,' among others. Results: The findings reveal that understanding the humanitarian issues of environmental refugees and adopting an approach grounded in the principle of common but differentiated responsibility enables the proposal of a reflective and purposeful scenario for invoking the principle. This premise rests on the privileged position developed countries currently hold due to their economic expansion and the environmental degradation caused by their industries. Conclusion: the conclusion asserts that the climate refugee crisis justifies the invocation of the principle of common but differentiated responsibility, given the international community's lack of commitment to extending refugee status to this vulnerable population.
Objective: The research aimed to systematize findings on school inclusive education in migrants from Latin America. Methodology: Seventy-two scientific papers from EBSCOhost, Redalyc, Dialnet, and SciELO databases were analyzed following the PRISMA criteria. The content was classified by a data extraction matrix to conduct the analysis and the creation of categories. Results: Access for migrant students is favored but there are no conditions to promote their retention in education institutions against administrative obstacles, discrimination, and socio-emotional impacts, and also linguistic and cultural difficulties. Teachers try to adapt their teaching approaches to promote inclusion with scarce resources and training but sometimes they just limit it to integration. Moreover, migration impacts family structure and students’ levels ofeducation. Conclusions: Education systems face challenges in the implementation ofeducation policies to ensure effective inclusion. The need for a comprehensive approachthat includes academic achievements, and the needs of the education community is highlighted.
Objective: To compare the poly-consumption of legal and illegal substances among elderly residents in the cities of Medellin and Pereira (Colombia). Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional study, with analytical scope, which explored the demographic, social and health characteristics associated with poly-drug use, defined as the concurrent use of two or more legal and/or illegal substances. A total of 1005adults, randomly selected from their neighborhoods and homes, were surveyed through probability sampling in each city. Descriptive statistics and binomial regressionanalysis were used in the analysis, with measures of association, hypothesis testingand 95% confidence intervals. Results: The use of polypharmaceuticals was recorded in 66% of the elderly, with a higher frequency in Pereira (p<0.05). The associated demographic factors were: older than 70 years; in social: high self-esteem and perceived discrimination and health-related: experiencing pain, illness and poor sleep quality. The final model accounted for 20% of the variability observed in the use of polydrugs. Conclusions: No differences were found by city, but age, illness, and pain appear to be closely related to higher substance use; therefore, social engagement strategies and activities that promote distraction, energy expenditure, inclusion, and self-esteem are needed.
