Nutritional iron deficiency anemia is a common disease to highlighted prevent and cure in China,it has highest morbility in infants,do harm to children.Recent reseach discovered that the occurance of nutritional iron deficiency anemia had close relationship with helicobacter pylori infection and the time when added complementary feed.In diagnosis,the ratio between serum soluble transferritin receptor(sTfR)and serum ferritin is very important to assess the body′s iron storage.Hypochromic red blood cell and reticulocyte hemoglobin quantity have the value on early diagnose of IDA.In treatment,it talks about the treatment to the helicobacter pylori infection besides the symptomatic treatment.
Objective:To investigate the clinical value of dynamic detection of lymphocyte subsets and blood cell counts in management of patients with lupus nephritis (LN).Methods:The clinical data of 65 patients with primary LN admitted in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2015 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the stage of disease progression and medications used,LN patients were classified into primary active phase,post-induction therapy phase,and maintenance therapy phase. The changes in lymphocyte subsets were monitored,and the relationship of lymphocyte subsets and blood cell count ratios with lupus activity and infection events was evaluated.Results:The decrease of CD4 +T lymphocyte and NK cell counts were negatively correlated with the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)( r=-0.67,-0.33, P<0.01),while CD8 +T lymphocyte,B cell counts,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR),platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR),and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were positively correlated with the SLE activity( r=0.38,0.26,0.34,0.26,0.29, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of CD4 +T lymphocyte count in predicting the occurrence of infection in LN patients was the highest (0.89); taking 247.50 cell/μl as cutoff value,the sensitivity and specificity were 81.25% and 87.50%,respectively. The combination of CD4 +T lymphocyte with CRP increased the predicting value for the occurrence of infection. Conclusion:Dynamic detection of blood lymphocyte subsets and blood cell counts can reflect SLE activity and the occurrence of infection in LN patients. Among these indicators the CD4 +T lymphocyte has the highest predictive value for the occurrence of infection,and the combination of the CD4 +T lymphocyte count with CRP level can further improve the predicting value.
Objective:To evaluate the effect of narrative medicine teaching in general practice residency training.Methods:Thirty-eight resident physicians who received standardized training in the Department of General Medicine in Shanghai Fifth People′s Hospital from November 2021 to November 2022 were randomly divided into trial group and control group with 19 individuals in each group. All residents received general medicine training according to the national standard curriculum, while narrative medicine was added to the teaching for the trial group. The teaching results were evaluated after 8 months of training. The indicators included mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) assessment scores, academic assessment, narrative ability and empathy ability scores, self-assessment scores of learning effectiveness, and teaching satisfaction.Results:Among 38 residents, 15 were males and 23 were females with a mean age of (25.9±2.1) years. There were no significant differences in gender composition, age and education level of the two groups (all P>0.05). Mini-CEX results showed that the evaluation skills, physical examination, professionalism, clinical diagnosis, communication skills, organization and efficiency, and overall ability scores in the trial group were all significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.001). Examination results showed that there were no significant differences in knowledge test scores between the two groups ( P=0.208), however the skill manipulation performance in the trial group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P=0.023). The narrative ability scores and empathy ability scores of the trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both P<0.001). In terms of learning effectiveness, the scores of stimulating interest in learning, scores of improving language expression ability, scores of learning good doctor-patient relationship, improving doctor-patient communication ability, and improving problem analysis ability in the trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.001). The teaching satisfaction rate of the trial group was 78.9% (15/19), which was higher than that of the control group (52.6%(10/19)). Conclusion:Adding narrative medicine teaching to the residency training can enhance the teaching effect of general practice residency training, especially in clinical practice ability, narrative ability and empathy ability.
原发性绒癌是一种罕见的高度恶性的肿瘤，多数病例发病时伴有脏器及淋巴结转移，初诊困难，通过报告1例经内科胸腔镜诊断的老年男性纵隔原发性绒癌伴有双肺及双侧胸膜转移患者的诊治过程，探讨内科胸腔镜在该病诊断中的作用及内科胸腔镜下表现，提高对该疾病的认识。
冠心病是临床上常见的心血管疾病之一，严重威胁人类健康，疾病负担较大 ［1］。心理问题不仅影响冠心病的发生、发展和治疗，同时还影响患者预后 ［2］。心脏疾病与心理疾病二者互为因果，互相影响，并可导致病情恶化 ［3］。该问题在基层临床实践中尤为突出。目前已有《稳定性冠心病基层诊疗指南（2020年）》 ［4］《稳定性冠心病基层合理用药指南》 ［5］和《冠心病心脏康复基层合理用药指南》 ［6］等可指导基层医师对冠心病进行规范诊疗，但尚缺乏稳定性冠心病（stable coronary artery disease，SCAD）合并心理问题诊疗的基层规范，为此中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会双心学组、北京医学会心脏心理分会组织相关专家，遵循《中华医学会心血管病分会关于心血管疾病指南或专家共识制定及文件撰写规范的建议》，参考中华医学会心血管病学分会2018年颁布的《稳定性冠心病诊断与治疗指南》 ［7］、欧洲心脏病学会（ESC）2019 年发布的《慢性冠状动脉综合征的诊断和管理指南》 ［8］和ESC2019年发布的《抑郁与冠心病立场文件》 ［9］等指导性文件，结合领域内最新的循证医学证据，经过心血管内科、精神心理科、全科以及中医科等多学科专家的多轮讨论，制订了本共识。本共识针对SCAD合并心理问题的流行病学、发病机制、诊断和治疗、基层随访及管理等内容进行了阐述，旨在为基层医疗卫生机构的全科医师、心血管内科医师接诊成年SCAD患者提供指导。
Objective:To construct a post competency index system for rural general practice assistant physicians.Methods:On the basis of previous literature research and behavioral event interviews, the questionnaire of Delphi consultation was designed. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 to develop an index system of post competency for rural general practice assistant physicians, and the analytic hierarchy process methods was used to calculate the weight of each index.Results:A total of 26 experts were included, with an average age of (48.7±8.6) years and an average working seniority of (22.8±8.8) years. After 2 rounds of consultation, the competency index system was developed, including 6 first level items and 60 seconds level items. The positive coefficient of experts in the 2 rounds was 87% and 100%, respectively; the expert authority coefficient was 0.7-1.0; the coordination coefficient was 0.312 and 0.241, respectively ( P<0.001). According to the order of weight, the first level items were basic medical and health services (0.311 1), basic public health services (0.196 0), medical knowledge and lifelong learning (0.196 0), interpersonal communication and team cooperation (0.138 6), professional quality (0.102 8), information utilization and management ability (0.055 5). The top 2 secondary indexes were clinical expertise (0.079 2), learning awareness and ability (0.055 3). The last 2 secondary indexes were achievement orientation (0.001 6) and inductive thinking (0.002 0). Conclusion:A post competency index system for rural general practice assistant physicians has been preliminary constructed in this study, which may provide reference for the selection, training and assessment of relevant medical workers.
Objective:To screen high-risk population of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to analyze the risk factors in Haicang District of Xiamen City.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted from February 2023 to May 2023 among residents who visited or underwent physical examinations at five community health service centers in Haicang District of Xiamen City selected by cluster sampling method. The self-designed general information questionnaire, COPD population screening questionnaire (COPD-PS) and COPD screening questionnaires (COPD-SQ) were applied in the survey. Individuals with COPD-PS scale>5 or COPD-SQ scale>16 were defined as COPD high-risk group. The association of COPD risk with gender, age, smoking, family history of COPD, history of tuberculosis, history of COVID-19 infection, and using coal/woodstove for cooking or heating was analyzed with chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 4 260 questionnaires were distributed and 4 221 valid questionnaires were collected with a recovery rate of 99.6%. Among all respondents there were 1 904 males (45.11%) and 2 317 females (54.89%); and 217 individuals aged 40-<50 (5.14%), 434 aged 50-<60 (10.28%), 2 194 aged 60-<70 (51.98%), 1 302 aged 70-<80 (30.85%) and 74 aged≥80 (1.76%). The results showed that there were 269 respondents (6.4%) scored≥5 on the COPD-PS scale, 534 residents (12.7%) scored≥16 on the COPD-SQ scale, 646 (15.3%) scored≥5 on the COPD-PS scale or≥16 on the COPD-SQ scale. Male gender ( OR=2.592, 95% CI:2.135-3.146), second-hand smoke exposure ( OR=3.763, 95% CI:2.944-4.810), frequently catching cold before the age of 14 ( OR=3.804, 95% CI:2.927-4.944), history of tuberculosis ( OR=2.575, 95% CI:1.224-5.418), hypertension ( OR=1.547, 95% CI:1.277-1.875), and diabetes ( OR=1.791, 95% CI:1.027-3.121) were independently associated with the high-risk of COPD, while the history of COVID-19 ( OR=0.583, 95% CI:0.476-0.714) was a protective factor for COPD risk. Conclusion:Males, exposure to second-hand smoke, frequently catching cold before the age of 14, history of tuberculosis, hypertension, and diabetes will increase the risk of COPD, while the history of COVID-19 is a protective factor.
报道1例轻链型范可尼综合征患者，在常规电解质补充治疗的基础上，病情未缓解。随着新型抗浆细胞药物的应用，给予患者以硼替佐米为基础的化疗方案治疗，患者骨痛基本消失，血清游离轻链正常，获得血液学缓解。
心脏心理疾病简称为双心疾病，具有高发病率、高误诊率、高漏诊率及低识别率的特点。但目前尚缺乏适用于基层医疗卫生机构的双心疾病诊疗规范。基于此，中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会双心学组联合北京医学会心脏心理分会，率领全国各地相关领域专家制订了《稳定性冠心病合并心理问题基层诊疗共识（2023年）》，对于规范基层冠心病合并心理问题的诊断、治疗、随访和管理具有重要指导价值。
Objective:To investigate the experience and perception of general practice residents on standardized training based on stratified progressive teaching model.Methods:From January to April 2022, focus group interviews were conducted among general practice residents who received standardized training at Peking University First Hospital.Results:Seventeen residents were selected by the purpose sampling method in the study, including 7 males and 10 females aged 24-39 years. Four themes were extracted from the interviews: lower levels of basic knowledge and feeling pressure at clinical work felt by junior residents; lack of clinical research ability and systematic training felt by senior residents; the rotation form and teaching contents were mono in grassroots practice bases; desire of raising salary levels for residents.Conclusions:In order to upgrade the quality of general practice residency training, it is necessary to strengthen the knowledge, skill training and research ability training of general practice residents, improve their treatment, and perfect the standardized training program accordingly.
Objective:To explore the risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in hospitalized rehabilitation patients.Method:Clinical data of 1 130 patients, 737 males and 393 females with the mean age of 63.0 (54.0, 73.0) years, admitted in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the Second Hospital of Jiaxing from August 2021 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient underwent vascular color ultrasound examination, DVT was detected in 194 cases (DVT group) and not detected in 936 cases (control group). The general clinical data, venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk stratification and traditional VTE risk factors of patients were documented. The risk factors of DVT formation were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression.Results:Compared with the control group, the DVT group had a higher proportion of patients with older age, longer length of hospital stay, and positive D-dimer (all P<0.001). The proportion of patients with high risk of VTE in the DVT group was 49.5% (96/194), which was higher than that in the control group (27.0% (253/936), P<0.01). The proportion of patients with age≥70 years, previous venous thromboembolism, and history of recent (≤1 month) trauma or surgery in the DVT group was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P<0.001). The proportion of patients with primary diagnoses of quadriplegia, hemiplegia or other motor disorders in the DVT group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that old age ( OR=1.014, 95% CI: 1.012-1.016), length of hospital stay ( OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.001-1.002), positive D-dimer ( OR=2.508, 95% CI: 2.368-2.655), high risk of VTE ( OR=1.178, 95% CI: 1.10-1.250), quadriplegia ( OR=2.776, 95% CI: 2.552-3.021), hemiplegia ( OR=3.232, 95% CI: 2.996-3.488), motor disorders ( OR=2.308, 95% CI: 2.110-2.525), paraplegia ( OR=1.878, 95% CI: 1.622-2.175), previous venous thromboembolism ( OR=1.385, 95% CI: 1.314-1.460), history of recent (≤1 month) trauma or surgery ( OR=1.987, 95% CI: 1.886-2.093) (all P<0.001) were independent risk factors for DVT in rehabilitation inpatients. Conclusion:Age, length of hospital stay, primary diagnosis of quadriplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia or other motor disorders, positive D-dimer, high risk of VTE, previous venous thromboembolism, and history of recent trauma or surgery are independent risk factors for DVT in rehabilitation specialty inpatients.
Objective:To study the dimensions and contents of COVID-19 prevention and control in primary medical institutions. emergency response capabilities for primary medical institutions review the policy documents about epidemic prevention and control in primary medical institutions issued by China health administrative department, are extracted.Methods:The policy documents related to epidemic prevention and control in primary medical institutions were searched from official websites of The State Council, National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and its subordinate agencies from January 2020 to June 2023;"primary medical institutions""community health service institutions""community hospitals""public health emergencies""infectious diseases""emergency response""prevention and control", and"epidemic prevention and control"were used as search keywords. The contents related to epidemic prevention and control in primary medical institutions were extracted and further classified according to the theory of emergency management.? Results ?The policy contents covered three stages: pre-prevention, in-process response, and post-recovery, among which the contents related to the post-recovery stage were relatively less. The word frequency analysis extracted a total of 16 content dimensions, among which department collaboration (16/125), case discovery reports (15/125), hospital infection prevention and control (14/125), community residents′ health education (12/125), and material reserves (11/125) were the top 5 in terms of frequency. Conclusion:The policies related to the prevention and control of COVID-19 in primary medical institutions cover three stages. At different stages of the development of major infectious diseases, measures are taken according to policy requirements.
The clinical features, laboratory tests, imaging findings, treatment and outcomes of 26 non-HIV infection patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) diagnosed in our hospital from January 2017 to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 males and 7 females, with an average age of 44(30, 51)years. All patients had underlying diseases of immunosuppression. The main symptoms included fever in 18 cases (69.2%), cough in 15 cases (57.7%), shortness of breath in 11 cases(42.3%). The laboratory test results showed elevated levels of CRP in 22 cases (95.7%), PCT in 18 cases (78.3%), lactate dehydrogenase in 17 cases (17/19), G test in 14 cases (14/20), and decreased CD4 +T cell count in 14 cases (14/19). Pneumocystis jirovecii pathogen was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 16 cases (61.5%), in blood samples in 10 cases (38.5%). Pneumocystis jirovecii was not detected in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using smear microscopy. Chest CT showed ground-glass opacity in 25 cases (96.1%). All patients received compound sulfamethoxazole tablet, 21 patients (80.8%) were also treated with other anti-fungal drugs. Among the 26 patients, 1 case (3.9%) received extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), 5 cases (19.2%) received non-invasive ventilation, 7 cases (27.0%) received invasive ventilation, and 13 cases (50.0%) received nasal cannula oxygen therapy. Of the 26 cases, 19 cases(73.1%)developed severe pneumonia. Finally, 21 patients (80.8%) improved and discharged, and 5 patients (19.2%) died. In conclusion, non-HIV infection patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia were mainly middle-aged or elderly people with underlying diseases of immunosuppression. The clinical symptoms are mainly fever, cough, and shortness of breath. The imaging manifestations are mainly ground-glass opacity and consolidation opacity. Laboratory tests show elevated CRP, PCT, LDH, and G tests, and decreased CD4 +T cells. Compound sulfamethoxazole-based comprehensive treatment is effective for PJP. The disease is characterized by high proportion of severe pneumonia, fast remission and high risk of mortality.
Objective:To survey on the status quo of the role cognition and job burnout among family doctor team members in Shenzhen Futian district.Methods:A survey on the role cognition and job burnout of family doctor members was conducted in October 2022. One family doctor team was randomly selected from each of the 92 community health service centers in Futian district of Shenzhen city, and all members of the selected family doctor teams were included in the survey. The Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was used in the study, and the influencing factors of role cognition and job burnout, as well as the impact of role cognition on job burnout were analyzed.Results:A total of 361 family doctor team members were included in the survey, The scores of the Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict Scale were (35.25±5.21) and (27.03±13.73), respectively. In the Occupational Burnout Scale, the scores of Emotional Exhaustion, Dehumanization, and Personal Achievement Scale were (17.89±6.82), (6.51±2.54), and (30.95±5.70), respectively. There were significant differences in role ambiguity and job burnout among family doctor team members with different ages, professions, and years of work ( P<0.05). Team members aged≤30, general practitioners, and working time ≤5 years had higher scores for role ambiguity, emotional exhaustion, dehumanization, and lower personal achievement ( P<0.05). The score of role ambiguity was negatively correlated with the degree of emotional exhaustion and dehumanization ( r=-0.544, -0.352), and positively correlated with personal achievement ( r=0.473). The score of role conflict was positively correlated with the degree of emotional exhaustion and dehumanization ( r=0.352, 0.376), and negatively correlated with personal achievement ( r=-0.440). Regression analysis showed that the role cognition was significantly associated with the emotional exhaustion, dehumanization, and personal achievement ( F=10.28-85.12, P<0.01). Conclusion:Active and effective measures should be taken to improve the role cognition and reduce job burnout of family doctor team members in primary health care institutions.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the common complications in gynecological surgery which seriously affects the postoperative recovery, and elderly women are the high-risk group of PONV. Prevention and treatment of PONV is not only a part of anesthesia management, but is also important for enhance recovery after surgery, which gynecological surgeons need to focus on. This article discusses the inducement, occurrence mechanism, risk assessment, preventive and treatment measures of PONV, in order to provide clinical reference for the standardized management of PONV in gynecological surgery.
A 53-year woman and her 18-year daughter presenting with bone pain, bone fractures, bone deformities and short stature were admitted to Gansu Provincial People′s Hospital in March 2021. Laboratory tests showed low blood phosphorus, low renal phosphorus threshold, normal or low blood calcium, and normal or increased PTH. The high-throughput sequencing indicated heterozygous mutations of the PHEX gene (Phosphate-regulating gene with Homology to Endopeptidases on the X chromosome) in two patients, which was not detected in other family members; finally the diagnosis of X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia(XLH)was confirmed for these two patients. Treated with neutral phosphorus solution and Rocaltrol, bone pain was relieved completely in the younger patient, but not for her mother due to long disease course and severe complications. Because of the large heterogeneity of the disease there are high missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rates for XLH. In this paper a pedigree of XLH is reported with literature review.
Periodontitis is a chronic periodontal disease with a high incidence, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be a chronic airway inflammatory disease. In recent years, many studies have observed that there is a potential relationship between periodontitis and COPD. The periodontal condition of patients with COPD is relatively poor, and the composition of their oral microbiome is different from that of healthy people. The inflammation “spillage”and hypoxia may induce the occurrence and development of periodontal disease. At the same time, the risk of COPD in periodontitis patients may be related to the inhalation of periodontal pathogens and inflammatory factors. Regular periodontal sequence therapy can reduce the risk of acute exacerbation of the disease to a certain extent. Since periodontitis and COPD are both chronic progressive diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and accompanied by proteolytic destruction of connective tissue, they may share a common pathophysiological process and may be intrinsically linked. This article reviews the latest research progress on the relationship between chronic periodontitis and COPD, and possible interaction mechanism, in order to provide insight for further study on the interaction between the two conditions.
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of liver fibrosis in patients with HBV infection detected by ultrasound transient elastography.Methods:A total of 2 689 patients with HBV infection who received liver transient elastography examination at the Department of Hepatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from November 2021 to April 2022 were enrolled in the study. The severity of liver fibrosis was graded according to the liver stiffness value. The association of liver fibrosis detection rate with gender, age and physiological stages of patients was analyzed, and the correlation between liver stiffness value and HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg level, alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and serum albumin levels was further analyzed.Results:Among 2 689 patients with chronic HBV infection, there were 1 417 males aged 46 (34, 57) years and 1 272 females aged 45 (33, 55) years. A total of 1 382 patients (51.03%) showed varying degrees of liver fibrosis, including 381 cases (14.20%) of significant liver fibrosis and 259 (9.60%) cases of progressive fibrosis. Male patients had a significantly higher prevalence of liver fibrosis than that of female patients [60.78%(840/1 382) vs. 39.22%(542/1 382), χ2=74.566, P<0.001]. There were significant differences in liver stiffness values and liver fibrosis detection rates ( F=46.516, 199.079, P<0.001) among patients of different age groups. The liver stiffness index (9.41±4.49 vs. 8.10±3.89, t=9.011, P<0.001) and the prevalence of liver fibrosis in males was higher than those in females in age groups younger than 60 years [61.59%(643/1 044) vs. 38.41%(401/1 044), χ2=78.418, P<0.001]; However, there was no significant gender difference in people over 60 years of age [73.80%(200/271) vs. 71.71%(142/198), χ2=0.252, P>0.05; 20.30%(55/271) vs. 21.21%(42/198), χ2=0.059, P>0.05]. The prevalence of liver fibrosis was significantly lower in premenopausal and perimenopausal females than that in males of the same age groups [29.70%(188/633)and 52.20%(154/295) vs. 64.50%(202/313), χ 2=56.683, P<0.001; χ 2=9.519, P=0.029], whereas there was no significant difference between postmenopausal females and males in the same age group [65.40%(220/336) vs. 72.20%(319/441), χ 2=5.822, P=0.061]. The prevalence of liver fibrosis increased significantly in postmenopausal females as compared to premenopausal females[38.40%(497/1 294) vs. 67.50%(532/787), χ 2=56.683, P=0.002]. The value of liver stiffness in patients with chronic HBV infection was positively correlated with total bilirubin, AST and ALT levels( r=0.208, 0.227, 0.218, P<0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of liver fibrosis detected by ultrasound transient elastography in chronic HBV-infected patients is substantial, the liver stiffness value and detection rate are higher in males than those in females, however, the prevalence is increased in postmenopausal females. The liver stifness value is related to some biochemical indicators of the liver.
