Objective:To develop a novel fibroblast activation protein (FAP) cyclic peptide imaging agent, Al 18F-FAP-NOX, evaluate its in vitro and in vivo properties, and explore its feasibility of PET/CT imaging in tumors with FAP positive expression. Methods:Al 18F-FAP-NOX was manually synthesized. The in vitro stability of Al 18F-FAP-NOX was determined using radio high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The lipid water partition coefficient log P, in vitro cell uptake experiments, microPET/CT imaging and biodistribution in 293T-FAP tumor-bearing mice were conducted to preliminarily evaluate the pharmacokinetics and biological efficacy of Al 18F-FAP-NOX. Afterwards, a patient (male, 65 years old) with lung cancer underwent Al 18F-FAP-NOX PET/CT imaging. Results:Al 18F-FAP-NOX was successfully synthesized with a yield of (26.28±2.31)% without attenuation correction ( n=4), and the radiochemical purity was more than 95%. Al 18F-FAP-NOX exhibited good stability and hydrophilicity (log P=-3.02±0.08, n=5). In cell assays, the uptake of Al 18F-FAP-NOX in HT1080-FAP cells reached the plateau phase at 15 min ((7.31±0.53) percentage activity of injection dose per million cells (%ID/mio cells)), exhibiting high cellular uptake. The uptake of Al 18F-FAP-NOX could be significantly inhibited by 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-FAP-2286. The microPET/CT results of 293T-FAP tumor-bearing mice in vivo showed that Al 18F-FAP-NOX was highly uptaken in FAP-positive tumor tissues (60 min: (12.47±1.66) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g)), while the uptake was very low in FAP-negative tumors. The biodistribution results were similar to the microPET/CT imaging results of tumor-bearing mice. The human clinical imaging showed an abnormal increase in Al 18F-FAP-NOX uptake (SUV max 5.5) of the lung cancer lesions. Conclusions:A novel cyclic peptide radiopharmaceutical, Al 18F-FAP-NOX, demonstrates good stability and hydrophilicity. It can be quickly distributed to tumor tissue in vivo. The human clinical PET/CT imaging shows certain diagnostic ability of Al 18F-FAP-NOX for lung cancer lesions. It is a promising cyclic peptide agent for PET imaging.
肿瘤寡转移主要指成像上只有很少数量(通常1～3个)可识别的转移性病变，是肿瘤自然演变过程中的中间状态，肿瘤寡转移状态可能是适合接受以转移灶为靶向的治疗时机。如果可以有效治疗寡转移性疾病，有可能以最低或可接受的毒性成本延缓疾病进展和改善患者预后，影响肿瘤进一步发展。随着多种新一代显像剂的问世，对寡转移性前列腺癌的理解得到了进一步深化，其中最近批准的基于靶向前列腺特异膜抗原(PSMA)的PET显像剂最令人关注。目前，早期临床试验结果发现寡转移灶靶向治疗可以推迟应用全身系统治疗的时间，并改善特定患者的疗效。尽管结果令人鼓舞，但在前列腺癌的自然演变过程中，还需要对寡转移状态的潜在生物学特性进行充分研究和学习，确定相关的成像和非成像预测及预后生物标志物，并制定治疗策略以优化患者的短期和长期疗效。该文系统性回顾了前列腺癌寡转移这一临床领域的现状和挑战。
Objective:To explore the value of baseline PET/CT parameters for predicting prognosis in patients with double-expression lymphoma (DEL).Methods:The clinical and 18F-FDG PET/CT data of 118 patients (66 males, 52 females; age: 28-85 years) with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) diagnosed in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2015 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal thresholds for SUV max, total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in predicting overall survival (OS) rate were determined using ROC curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses, along with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to construct a survival prediction model. The effect of the model was evaluated by the calibration curve for the model, the time-dependent ROC curve analysis and decision curve analysis. Results:As of the last follow-up, 25 patients died, and the OS rate was 78.8%(93/118). The AUC of the ROC curve for TMTV was 0.705, with a corresponding optimal threshold of 230.9 cm 3. In multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score (hazard ratio ( HR)=3.886, 95% CI: 1.455-10.375; P=0.007) and TMTV ( HR=4.649, 95% CI: 1.665-12.979; P=0.003) were identified as independent predictors of OS. The combined model of ECOG PS score and TMTV was superior to ECOG PS score model and TMTV model alone in predicting OS. Conclusion:TMTV, a metabolic indicator, and ECOG PS score, a clinical risk factor, are independent predictors of OS in patients with DEL, and their combination can provide more accurate prognostic predictions.
Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of the 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 PET/CT in seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) of prostate cancer. Methods:Clinical and pathological materials of 88 patients (age: 51-84 years) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between May 2019 and December 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT examination for primary staging before surgery. The diagnostic efficiency of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in SVI was obtained using postoperative pathological results as the " gold standard" and ROC curve was drawn. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen the influencing factors for 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT prediction of SVI. Results:The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in diagnosing SVI were 79.55%(70/88), 72.73%(16/22), 81.82%(54/66), 57.14%(16/28) and 90.00%(54/60), respectively. The ROC AUC was 0.77. Results of univariate logistic regression showed that total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), primary SUV max, Gleason score, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group were associated with 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT prediction of SVI. Results of multivariate logistic regression showed that Gleason score (odds ratio ( OR)=2.04, 95% CI: 1.19-3.50, P=0.009) was a predictor of SVI in prostate cancer. Conclusion:18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT has certain diagnostic value in SVI of prostate cancer, and combining with Gleason score can improve the diagnostic efficiency.
Objective:To study whether Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) and its optimized reconstruction algorithm can improve the reconstructed image quality of low count total-body PET.Methods:Eight patients (5 males, 3 females, age (67.2±6.3) years) who underwent hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MR total-body scans at Department of Nuclear Medicine in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were collected retrospectively from January to June in 2023. Total-body PET/MR images of them were included and list-mode data were reconstructed with four methods, namely 25% counts conventional reconstruction (group 1), 100% counts conventional reconstruction (group 2), 25% counts BPL reconstruction (group 3), and 25% counts optimized BPL reconstruction (group 4). At last, 32 total-body PET images were obtained. SUV max and SUV mean in different ROIs and tumor metabolic volume (MTV) were measured. Total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and parameters of image quality including the ratio of lesion to background (L/B) and image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were calculated. Then the differences in all the parameters among the four groups were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Friedman test. Quantitative differences between BPL reconstruction and optimized BPL with the 100% counts conventional reconstruction were compared respectively by using the Bland-Altman (BA) plot. Results:For the inter-group comparison, except for SUV mean in the muscle ( F=0.38, P=0.767), SUV max and SUV mean in other ROIs were statistically different ( F values: 8.15-36.08, χ2=18.15, all P<0.01), as well as MTV and L/B ( χ2 values: 10.65, 13.35, P values: 0.014, 0.004), but not for TLG ( χ2=4.95, P=0.175) or SNR ( F=2.64, P=0.076). For the pairwise comparison, the differences between group 2 and group 3 were the most significant (all P<0.05). Compared with group 2, there were no significant differences for SUV max and SUV mean of the cerebellar cortex and lesions in group 4 (all P>0.05), as well as MTV and L/B (both P>0.05). In addition, compared with group 1, SUV max of liver and muscle in group 2 were decreased (both P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in group 4 (all P>0.05). BA plots showed that the differences of SUV, MTV, and TLG between group 4 and group 2 were smaller obviously than those between group 3 and group 2. Conclusion:BPL reconstruction can improve low focus detection sensitivity induced by low counts, but it will cause significant changes for PET quantification, which can be solved by optimized BPL reconstruction.
Objective:To explore the feasibility of one-tenth dose 18F-FDG total-body PET/CT (TB PET/CT) in patients with malignant tumors. Methods:A retrospective analysis was carried out on 34 preliminarily diagnosed cancer patients (30 males, 4 females, age (64.0±1.6) years) who underwent one-tenth dose (0.37 MBq/kg) 18F-FDG TB PET/CT examination between April 2020 and September 2022 in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. The raw data were reconstructed into 15 min and initial 2 min PET images (G15 and G2, respectively). A matched cohort of 34 preliminarily diagnosed malignant tumor patients (27 males, 7 females, age (63.3±2.1) years) undergoing full dose (3.70 MBq/kg) 18F-FDG conventional digital PET/CT (C PET/CT) examination with a PET scan rate of 2-3 min/bed position, were analyzed in line with the same pathological types. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of G15, G2 and C PET/CT groups were compared, and based on the pathological results, the detection rates of those 3 groups for lesions were also compared. The χ2 test, independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for data analysis. Results:The significant differences in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), blood sugar level and postinjection waiting time between TB PET/CT group and C PET/CT group were not found ( χ2=0.98, t values: 0.08, -1.05, z values: 0.68, 0.41, all P>0.05). The SNR, from G15 to C PET and G2 groups, decreased gradually, which were 16.0(11.3, 20.0), 10.5(8.2, 13.5) and 8.4±0.3 respectively ( z values: 5.09, 3.31, -4.24, all P<0.05). All primary lesions and hepatic metastases were detected by G15 and G2 imaging (100%, 37/37) as well as by C PET/CT (100%, 36/36). The detection rates for lymph node metastasis lesions were 10/15 in the G2/G15 groups, which were higher than the detection rate in the C PET/CT group (64.4%(29/45); χ2=62.03, P=0.002). Conclusion:One-tenth dose 18F-FDG TB PET/CT with a 2-minute acquisition is feasibility in the clinical practice.
Objective:To prepare a fluorescent probe Cetuximab-IRDye800CW targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and investigate its application value in surgical navigation of glioblastoma (GBM).Methods:The fluorescence properties of Cetuximab-IRDye800CW were determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The specificity of Cetuximab-IRDye800CW bound to GBM cells was verified by Western blot. The competitive binding method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to prove whether the probe could achieve tumor targeting by binding to EGFR. Subcutaneous models of 6 nude mice of GBM were divided into experimental group ( n=3; injected with Cetuximab-IRDye800CW) and control group ( n=3; injected with IRDye800CW), and images were obtained at 5 min, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after injection. Differences of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and tumor to background ratio (TBR) between experimental group and control group were compared. In situ models of GBM nude mice were established ( n=6), and MRI and intraoperative navigation were conducted, which were compared with pathological distribution. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results:The maximum emission wavelength of Cetuximab-IRDye800CW was 820 nm, which could be received by near infrared fluorescence imaging equipment. Western blot showed that Cetuximab-IRDye800CW was only bound to GBM cells. The competitive binding of ELISA showed that Cetuximab-IRdye800CW could achieve tumor targeting by binding with EGFR. At 5 min, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after injection of fluorescent materials, the MFI values of experimental group were 109.00±3.81, 73.36±9.93, 55.24±8.82, 37.71±6.11, which were higher than those of control group (91.32±4.17, 42.91±5.39, 25.08±6.05, 8.33±1.00; t values: 4.36-9.40, P values: 0.011-0.049). The TBR of experimental group was higher than that of control group at 24 h and 48 h after injection (24 h: 2.40±0.28 vs 1.57±0.07, t=4.94, P=0.039; 48 h: 2.07±0.12 vs 1.22±0.08, t=9.85, P=0.010). GBM in situ model was successfully constructed and verified by MRI, and the tumor was visualized under the fluorescence device navigation. Pathological distribution of the tumor with HE staining was consistent with fluorescence imaging. Conclusion:Cetuximab-IRDye800CW has fluorescence imaging capability and can identify tumor boundaries in intraoperative navigation of GBM, which has potential clinical application value.
Objective To explore whether baseline PET metabolic parameters combined with B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2）/cellular-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene （cMyc） dual expression （DE） can improve the prognostic stratification of patients with primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （PGI-DLBCL）.
Objective:To explore the impact of half-dose 18F-FDG on the image quality in infants and toddlers undergoing total-body PET/CT. Methods:From January 2021 to August 2023, 59 infants and toddlers undergoing total-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans at Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively enrolled. Of these, 21 patients (11 males, 10 females; age: 22.0(7.5, 34.5) months) were given a full dose of 18F-FDG (3.70 MBq/kg), and the other 38 patients (24 males, 14 females; age: 20.0(9.3, 33.3) months) received half dosage (1.85 MBq/kg) both with 10-minute scans. The differences of image quality scores and quantitative parameters including SUV, standard deviation (SD) of SUV, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the normalized SNR for administered activity and scan time (SNR norm) were compared between the two groups by Mann-Whitney U test. The correlations between age, body weight and image quality were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results:The injected dosage of 18F-FDG for the full-dose group was 46.99(27.75, 50.42) MBq, while for the half-dose group was 21.83(18.13, 28.86) MBq. Compared to the full-dose group, the half-dose group had higher SD in the mediastinal blood pool (0.04(0.03, 0.05) vs 0.05(0.04, 0.08); z=-2.32, P=0.021). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of other SUV parameters ( z values: from -1.92 to -0.48, all P>0.05). In terms of image quality, the liver SNR of full-dose group was 29.5(25.3, 39.9), while that of half-dose group was 25.8(22.0, 30.4), with no significant difference ( z=1.66, P=0.096). The SNR values of mediastinal blood pool showed the same comparing result (20.0(11.4, 31.0) vs 19.0(11.4, 31.0); z=0.02, P=0.981). The correlation analysis revealed that SNR norm decreased with increasing age and body weight ( rs values: -0.704, -0.647, both P<0.001). Conclusions:In infants and toddlers, half-dose 18F-FDG total-body PET/CT with 10-minute scan can still achieve good performance. There is an observed decline in image quality with increasing age and body weight.
越来越多的证据显示PET分子影像在疾病诊疗中发挥了重要作用。随着影像设备性能和普及率的提升，以及新型显像剂的不断涌现，PET分子影像的临床应用领域还在持续扩展中。放射性核素标记的显像剂是彰显PET分子影像内涵的关键因素。证据表明，应用于PET显像的放射性核素产生的辐射剂量对人体是安全的，但是显像剂的使用应始终秉承在满足显像质量的前提下能低则低的原则，尤其是对于儿童等特殊人群。随着更多放射性核素标记的显像剂的不断涌现，多种显像剂联合PET显像评价疾病的不同生物学行为成为一种新趋势，其临床应用在不断增多。如何最大程度地减少多种显像剂联合应用的辐射总量 [1,2]，成为新的需求和探索目标。
患儿男，72 d，因"发现皮肤巩膜黄染2个月余"入院。患儿出生后第3天无明显诱因发现皮肤巩膜黄染，大便浅黄或金黄色，2~3次/d，小便黄色，于多家医院予"蓝光"、抗感染、抗病毒、护肝、利胆、退黄等治疗，患儿仍有黄疸。体格检查皮肤巩膜中度黄染；肝脏右肋下2.0 cm，质软；脾脏左肋下0.5 cm，质软。辅助检查：血常规、大小便常规正常。血清肝功能：总胆红素(total bilirubin, TB)110(括号内为正常参考值范围，下同：0~26) μmol/L，结合胆红素(conjugated bilirubin, CB)106(0~8) μmol/L，丙氨酸氨基转移酶12(8~71) U/L，天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶21(21~80) U/L，碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphate, ALP)512(98~532) U/L，γ－谷氨酰转肽酶(gamma－glutamyltransferase, γ－GT)106(9~150) U/L，总蛋白51.4(49.0~71.0) g/L，白蛋白39.7(35.0~50.0) g/L，总胆汁酸115.3(0~12.0) μmol/L。肾功能、心肌酶谱、电解质、血气分析、血脂、血糖、血氨、乳酸、凝血功能正常。嗜肝病毒相关抗体检测均无明显异常。三碘甲状腺原氨酸(triiodothyronine, T 3)、甲状腺素(thyroxine, T 4)、促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH)、铜蓝蛋白测定正常。血串联质谱及尿有机酸分析结果均无明显异常。心电图、胸部X线片未见异常。心脏肝胆脾彩色多普勒超声：卵圆孔未闭或房间隔缺损，肝右肋下1.4 cm；脾脏、胆囊未见明显异常。外院上腹部MRI平扫＋磁共振胰胆管造影：肝实质未见异常信号影，胆囊可见显影，肝内外胆管显影尚可，未见明显扩张。
患者男，55岁，2021年4月无意中发现左侧腹股沟淋巴结无痛性肿大，无发热、盗汗、体质量下降，查体可及双侧腹股沟淋巴结肿大，最大径1~3 cm。既往史：23年前因阑尾炎行阑尾切除术。外院行左侧腹股沟淋巴结穿刺活组织检查(简称活检)，病理经本院会诊考虑为滤泡性淋巴瘤(WHO 1~2级)，免疫组织化学：B细胞淋巴瘤(B－cell lymphoma，Bcl)－2(滤泡中心＋)，Bcl－6(滤泡＋)，CD3(滤泡间区＋)，CD10(中心及滤泡间＋)，CD20(＋＋)，CD21(滤泡树突状细胞＋)，细胞增殖核抗原Ki－67(中心5%)，CD19(＋)，C－MYC(－)，多发性骨髓瘤癌基因－1(multiple myeloma oncogene－1, Mum－1；－)，CD5(滤泡间区＋)，CD23(少量＋)，CD30(Ki－1)(散在＋)。患者为治疗前分期行 18F－FDG PET/CT检查(图1)，结果示双侧锁骨上/下区、右腋下、小肠系膜、腹主动脉及下腔静脉周围、双髂、双侧腹股沟区多发淋巴结，代谢不同程度增高，最大、代谢最高者位于左侧腹股沟，最大径3.3 cm，SUV max为16.7。
Hematological malignancies are suitable diseases for radioimmunotherapy because of their high sensitivity to radiation and well-defined immunophenotypes. Beta emitters like 131I and 90Y have achieved some outcomes in radioimmunotherapy of hematological malignancies. Compared with beta particles, alpha particles have higher linear energy transfer, greater relative biological effects and shorter range, which give alpha particles the ability to kill tumor cells more effectively with less damage to normal tissue. This review summarizes the current studies of targeted alpha-particle therapy in hematological malignancies.
Objective:To investigate the effect of 131I therapy on the clinical outcome of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who were evaluated as indeterminate response (IDR) after surgery and before 131I therapy. Methods:A total of 281 DTC patients (89 males, 192 females, age (38.4±10.2)years ) assessed as IDR before 131I therapy and after total or near-total thyroidectomy in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2009 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 131I therapy group ( 131I group) and just thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppressive therapy group (TSH group) according to whether receiving 131I therapy, and the efficacies of two groups at the end of follow-up were compared. Subgroup analysis was conducted in different risk stratifications (low-risk, moderate-risk and high-risk), positive thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) group (TgAb≥115 kU/L) and negative TgAb group (TgAb<115 kU/L). For patients with positive TgAb, the duration and rate for TgAb declining to negative level under the 2 regimens were compared. Independent-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test and Fisher exact test were performed to compare the differences between groups. Results:Median follow-up time was 39(6-146) months. There was no statistical difference between patients in 131I group and TSH group in baseline characteristics, and the efficacies at the end of follow-up was similar between the 2 groups ( χ2=6.50, P=0.075). For low-, moderate- and high-risk stratification, there were also no statistical differences of response to 2 regimens ( P=0.221; χ2=4.21, P=0.223; χ2=3.01, P=0.274). Similar results were showed for patients with positive and negative TgAb ( n=50, n=231; χ2=4.02, P=0.242; χ2=3.14, P=0.341). For patients with positive TgAb, the duration and rate for TgAb declining to negative level were not statistically different either between 2 regimens (71.0%(22/31) vs 14/19, χ2=0.04, P=0.836; 7.0(5.0, 9.3) vs 7.0(5.0, 7.3) months, z=-0.89, P=0.375). Conclusion:For DTC patients assessed as IDR after surgery, 131I therapy may not provide more benefit than follow-up with TSH suppressive therapy.
动态PET显像的动力学分析能够估算与疾病相关的生物过程。通过对放射性示踪剂与组织相互作用的数学分析，可以从PET显像中收集静态摄取测量值之外的信息。与该篇为同一主题的继续教育论文第1部分回顾了动力学建模的基本原则和方法。在第2部分中，通过展示肿瘤学中动力学分析的典型案例，来表明肿瘤显像动力学建模的优势。该文回顾了第1部分中讨论的模型类型示例：一室模型( 15O－水)、不可逆二室模型( 18F－FDG)和可逆二室模型[3′－脱氧－3′－ 18F－氟胸苷( 18F－FLT)]。动力学方法与临床上通常使用的静态摄取测量方法形成了鲜明对比。总的来说，该篇由2部分组成的综述讲解了动力学分析的背景知识，以理解相关研究，并以肿瘤影像学为重点提高临床核医学研究的可解释性。
近半数的Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者在治疗上涉及放化疗 [1]，然而放疗抵抗性的存在，导致该部分患者预后不良，生存率低。研究表明，五环三萜类化合物熊果酸(ursolic acid, UA)可以通过阻滞G2/M细胞周期，增加活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)水平，从而提高人结直肠癌HCT 116、人前列腺癌DU145等细胞的放射敏感性 [2,3]，而其对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的放疗增敏价值鲜有报道。
Objective:To evaluate the clinical application potential of a novel prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted PET tracer 68Ga-PSMA-NYM032 in patients diagnosed initially with prostate cancer. Methods:A total of 63 patients (age (68.7±8.7) years) with suspected prostate cancers who received 68Ga-PSMA-NYM032 PET/CT imaging in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University between March 2022 and January 2023 were enrolled prospectively. The diagnostic efficiency of 68Ga-PSMA-NYM032 PET/CT imaging was evaluated in a patient-centered manner. The ROI was drawn to obtain SUV max by semi-quantitative analysis with visual analysis, and the diagnostic threshold of SUV max was obtained by ROC curve analysis. The correlations of SUV max in primary foci with total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and Gleason score (GS) were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Based on the D′Amico risk stratification (prostate specific antigen (PSA)>20 μg/L and ≤20 μg/L, GS>7 and ≤7), the detection rates of metastases by 68Ga-PSMA-NYM032 PET/CT imaging in different stratifications were analyzed by Fisher exact test, and the differences between SUV max of metastases in different stratifications were determined by Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-NYM032 PET/CT imaging was 92.06%(58/63), the sensitivity was 96.55%(28/29), the specificity was 88.24%(30/34), the positive predictive value was 87.50%(28/32), the negative predictive value was 96.77%(30/31), and the optimal SUV max threshold was 6.9. 68Ga-PSMA-NYM032 showed varying degrees of high uptake in the primary foci of prostate cancer, and SUV max were positively correlated with tPSA and GS ( rs values: 0.657, 0.592, P values: <0.001, 0.001). Stratified analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of bone metastases by 68Ga-PSMA-NYM032 PET/CT between the GS>7 and GS≤7 subgroups (9/17 vs 1/12; P=0.019), while no statistical significances were observed in the detection rates of bone metastases or lymph node metastases of another subgroups (all P>0.05). In addition, none of the differences in SUV max of metastases in patients with different stratifications were statistically significant ( z value: from -1.57 to -0.50, all P>0.05). Conclusions:68Ga-PSMA-NYM032 PET/CT imaging has good diagnostic efficacy for prostate cancer, and it may provide a new strategy for the precise diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Besides, GS stratification may affect the detection rate of bone metastases by 68Ga-PSMA-NYM032 PET/CT imaging.
Objective:To compare the clinical utility of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:From April 2022 to July 2022, 17 patients (14 males, 3 females, age 36-73(54.4±10.1) years) with newly diagnosed HCC who underwent 18F-FDG and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging within 3 d in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were prospectively enrolled. ROIs were drawn from normal liver tissue (L), abdominal aorta (A), right gluteus medius (M), and SUV max of these regions were compared with the SUV max of primary tumor (T). Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to analyze the data. Results:18F-FDG PT/CT, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and enhanced MRI detected 1(0, 2), 2(1, 5) and 2(1, 4) tumor lesions of the liver in each patient respectively ( H=7.10, P=0.029), and 18F-PSMA-1007 detected more lesions than 18F-FDG ( P=0.024). Although SUV max of 18F-PSMA-1007 in HCC was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (25.7(17.1, 45.1) vs 6.3(2.9, 12.4); z=3.39, P=0.001), there was no significant difference of T/L ratio between 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging (2.7(2.1, 4.7) vs 1.6(1.0, 4.5); z=0.52, P=0.602). T/A and T/M ratios were significantly higher in 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging than those in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging ( z values: 3.15, 3.53, P values: 0.002, <0.001). 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging found high uptake foci in the liver and ribs in 2 cases, which were pathologically confirmed as bone metastasis of HCC, while those lesions were not found by 18F-FDG imaging. Conclusion:Compared with 18F-FDG, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT demonstrates higher tumor uptake, more intrahepatic tumors foci and distant bone metastases.
患者女，79岁，4年前发现左足底一黑色斑块，黄豆大小，无疼痛，变化不明显，未予重视。1年余前左足底黑斑逐渐增大伴破溃、出血。查体可见左足底黑色斑块，形状不规则、中央可见破溃、边界大致清楚，周围可见卫星灶，斑块中央区域轻度隆起，表面渗出、脓液；左侧腹股沟可触及一肿大淋巴结。行左足底皮肤活组织检查(简称活检)，病理诊断为恶性黑色素瘤(Breslow深度5 mm，Clark分级Ⅳ级)。腹股沟超声检查示双侧腹股沟区多发淋巴结，左侧腹股沟区淋巴结肿大，较大者2.8 cm×1.0 cm，皮、髓质分界可见，皮质不均匀增厚，彩色多普勒血流成像(color Doppler flow imaging, CDFI)见条状血流信号；右侧腹股沟淋巴结较大者1.8 cm×0.5 cm，皮、髓质分界清。患者足底恶性黑色素瘤诊断明确，行 18F-FDG PET/CT显像以进行肿瘤分期，显像示左足底皮肤增厚，最厚处约10.7 mm，显像剂摄取增高，SUV max 4.5；另于左侧腹股沟区见数个稍大的淋巴结，显像剂摄取轻度增高，最大者短径0.9 cm，SUV max2.2(图1)。
患者男，49岁，身高170 cm，体质量60 kg，2021年12月肠镜检查提示结肠癌，遂行结肠癌根治术，术后病理示结肠中分化腺癌淋巴结转移(3/46)，术后行辅助化疗4次，后口服卡培他滨3个疗程。2022年5月本院复查CT示右肝门脉右支及腔静脉之间结节灶；MRI示下腔静脉前方占位，考虑为转移灶，诊断为结肠癌肝转移。入院行 90Y树脂微球治疗。为预测微球在肿瘤病灶和肺内的分流情况，治疗前行 99Tc m－聚合白蛋白(macroaggregated albumin, MAA；上海欣科医药有限公司提供)SPECT/CT(美国GE Discovery 670型)显像，结果显示右肝肿瘤高度摄取，平均靶/本底比值为17.47；两肺弥漫轻度摄取，提示存在肺分流，肺分流分数为6%；余脏器未见异常摄取(图1)，表明可以行经动脉内 90Y树脂微球放射治疗转移性肝癌。该治疗方法经浙江省肿瘤医院医学伦理委员会审批[批件号：IRB－2022－17号(医)]。经动脉内 90Y树脂微球(0.4 GBq；Sirtex Singapore Manufacturing Pte Ltd.提供)放射治疗后3 h，行PET/CT(美国GE Discovery 710型)显像：患者取仰卧位，头先进，视野包括肺和肝脏3个检查床位；先行螺旋CT扫描(管电压120 kV、自动管电流150~250 mA、螺距0.984∶1，采用迭代法重建，窗位40、窗宽400、扫描视野50 cm、层厚3.75 mm)，再行三维PET显像[步进式扫描，每个床位采集20 min，床位重叠(overlap) 11 mm、扫描视野70 cm，采用迭代法重建，重建算法为VUE Point，2次迭代、12个子集、矩阵192×192、截止频率7.0 mm]，利用CT数据对PET图像进行衰减校正、同机融合得到融合图像。PET/CT融合图像示肝右叶下腔静脉前方软组织肿块内见显像剂明显浓聚，周围肝组织可见极少量显像剂分布，余肝脏及两肺未见明显显像剂浓聚(图2)。
