Background The World Health Organization encourages governments to develop legal frameworks for the regulation of traditional medicines to ensure their safety, quality, and efficacy. There is very little published research on the availability of herbal medicine regulatory tools and the extent of compliance by manufacturers in many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study assessed the current situation on traditional medicine regulatory frameworks and compliance of herbal medicinal products among people living with HIV/AIDS in Malawi and Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was done using a structured questionnaire and checklist to collect data from officers, premises, and herbal medicinal products. Twenty-three officers from the Medicines Regulatory Authorities and Ministries of Health from Malawi and Nigeria were interviewed. Thirty-one small-scale manufacturers and sixty-six herbal medicinal products from Malawi, and twenty-eight herbal medicinal products from Nigeria were evaluated. Results The Pharmacy and Medicines Regulatory Authority scored 7.7% in Malawi while the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control in Nigeria, scored 77.0% on the 13-item regulatory checklist. The Ministry of Health, Malawi scored 28.6% while Nigeria scored 71.4% on the 7-item checklist of regulatory requirements. Both countries had no regulations on traditional medicine practice, and traditional and complementary medicine had not been integrated into the health system. Most manufacturers performed poorly on personnel hygiene (58.6%) and were non-compliant with cleaning production equipment (69.0%), inadequate storage room (72.4%), and lack of documentation on standard operating procedures (SOPs) for cleaning equipment and premises (93.1%). There was non-compliance on the list of names of active ingredients (45.5%, 93.0%, p < 0.001), list of quantities of active ingredients (12.1%, 53.6%, p < 0.001), list of side effects (9.1%, 57.1%, p < 0.001) and storage conditions (15.2%, 67.9%, p < 0.001) in Malawi and Nigeria, respectively. Conclusion Malawi lacked a well-established regulatory framework for the regulation of herbal medicines and with evidence of poor compliance with manufacturing and labeling requirements. This may have contributed to the production of more herbal medicinal products with questionable quality and safety putting the public at risk in Malawi than in Nigeria.
Noli juice is a healthy beverage that originated in tropical regions and is promoted globally.Research has con-firmed that Noli fruit has certain health benefits.Through retrospective studies,it has been found that Noli fruit juice can reduce DNA damage caused by smoking,lower blood lipids and homocysteine levels,and alleviate systemic inflam-matory reactions.Clinical studies have also shown that Noli juice can improve joint health,enhance physical endurance,increase immune activity,inhibit protein glycation,help control body mass,protect women's bone health,maintain nor-mal blood pressure,and improve gum health.In addition,Noli juice has strong antioxidant activity and can interact with the immune system and inflammatory response,which is the key to the health benefits of Noli juice.However,retro-spective studies also have limitations.The origin of Noli juice is single,all located in Tahiti,Polynesia.Differences in ge-ographical factors and processing methods can lead to differences in the chemical and nutritional composition of Noli juice.Therefore,further research is needed to determine whether other sources of Noli juice have the same toxicological and pharmacological characteristics.
The study of the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine is a major focus in the prevention and treatment of Osteoarthritis(OA),and Eucommia Ulmoides,as a representative Chinese medicine that"tonifies the liver and kidney and strengthens the tendons and bones",plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of OA.By reviewing the relevant literature at home and abroad,it was found that Eucommia can prevent and treat OA by protec-ting chondrocytes,inhibiting inflammatory response,reducing subchondral bone loss in the early stage of osteoarthritis,and improving obesity,but the specific mechanism of action has not been fully described.The study of the main active ingredients of Eucommia Ulmoides for the treatment of OA and gradually reveal the specific mechanism of action can provide new ideas and directions for the prevention and treatment of OA by Eucommia Ulmoides and the development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of OA.
Pharmacy between the Oriental and other nations exchanges since ancient times.With Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty,the Silk Road was opened,and the trade exchanges became more frequent.More medicines were introduced into China which greatly enriched the variety of traditional Chinese medicine.Chinese Materia Medica records 8 980 medicinal substances,which is known as"a new Compendium of Materia Medica",based upon which,this paper comprehensively sorts out the ancient foreign medicines in China,explores their natural attributes,introduction periods,and transmission regions,etc.It can supplement and improve the relevant knowledge of ancient foreign medicines and provide more abundant documentary resources for the history of pharmaceutical exchan-ges between China and foreign countries.
Objective:To investigate the source and use characteristics of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix in the Qing dy-nasty court and the history of enduing it with properties and effects of traditional Chinese medicine,in order to provide a reference for modern health product development and resource conservation of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix.Meth-ods:Based on the medical cases in the Qing dynasty,such as Medical Records Integration of Palace in Qing Dynasty,The Compilation of Scattered Medical Cases in the Palace in the Late Qing Dynasty and Weng Tonghe's Diary,the information on the source,population,symptoms,frequency of use and dosage of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix in the Qing dynasty court was sorted out.Results:The introduction of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix into China is a multi-coun-try process.Panacis Quinquefolii Radix has a wide range of applications in the court,mainly applicable to the royal family,often used to treat the syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and the syndrome of upper hyperactivity of liver yang,late Qing Dynasty used frequently,the main usage is direct medicinal,used as a herbal tea substitute,used as a medici-nal ushers.Conclusion:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix gained favor with the ruling class as a foreign medicine and was quickly accepted and used by the court,where it was mostly used for symptoms related to the organs of the lung,spleen and kidney.Its nature,flavor and meridian tropism have been summarized,and it is a typical representative of conver-ting foreign medicine into traditional Chinese medicine.
Objective:To establish the preparation method of Bufei Huoxue capsule placebo and evaluate the similarity between placebo and real medicine,so as to provide reference for the preparation of placebo.Methods:The prescription and preparation process of placebo were explored and obtained through screening the matrix,essence and pigment,then verified by production,and finally the similarity between the placebo and the real drug was evaluated.Results:The sim-ilarity between the placebo and the real drug was greater than 90％,and the mimic was not easy to be identified by re-searchers and subjects.It could prevent bias and unblinding in double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical trials to the max-imum extent,so as to ensure the quality of clinical trials.Conclusion:The prepared Bufei Huoxue placebo is practical and can be used as a control drug in clinical research.
Dai medicine,Thai medicine,and Indian medicine belong to the same system of traditional medicine,and their medi-cal theories are comparable.The theory of the ten meridians of Dai medicine was determined through preliminary literature re-search and repeated field studies.The meridians are the main arteries for the passage of Qi and blood.There is a close relation-ship between the ten main meridians and the four towers,the viscera,and the chakras.This article discusses the characteristics of the diagnosis method based on the Dai medicine meridian tendon theory for clinical reference.
Objective:To study the compatibility of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations contai-ning Bitter almond based on data mining technology.Methods:The prescriptions of traditional Chinese patent medi-cines and simple preparations containing bitter almond in the three books of New National Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines and Simple Preparations,National Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines and Simple Preparations Stand-ard Collection and New Drug Formalization Standard were collected,and the database of Bitter almond prescriptions was constructed.The drug use rules of prescriptions were analyzed by frequency statistics,association rule analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis.Results:A total of 334 treatment prescriptions containing Bitter almonds were in-cluded,with the most common dosage forms being pills,oral liquid,granules,and tea bags,involving 20 major categories of traditional Chinese medicine.There are a total of 366 types of traditional Chinese medicine,with the drug properties mainly concentrated in warmth,cold,and calmness.The drug flavors are mainly bitter,spicy,and sweet,and the meridi-ans are mainly focused on the lungs,spleen,and stomach.The main treatments are mainly cough,cold,asthma,asthma,and other lung diseases.The syndrome types are phlegm heat stagnation lung syndrome,wind cold attack lung syn-drome,and phlegm dampness accumulation lung syndrome Wind heat invading lung syndrome and exterior cold and in-terior heat syndrome are the most common.Through association rule analysis on 344 formulas containing Bitter al-monds,14 core drug combinations were obtained.A total of 21,14 and 15 drug combinations were obtained by associa-tion rules,clustering and factor analysis of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations prescriptions containing bitter almond for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.Conclusion:To sum up,the analysis shows that the traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations containing Bitter almond is commonly used to treat lung diseases,and the compatibility is mainly expectorants.The etiology of the disease treated is always exogenous and inter-nal injury.The treatment takes both the standard and the standard into consideration,and cold and warm are used together.The addition and subtraction of San'ao Decoction and Erchen Decoction is the core treatment,which provides a reference for the modern clinical application and development of Bitter almond.
Bronchial asthma(BA)is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease,which is easy to relapse and causes various complications.China has become one of the countries with the highest mortality rate of asthma in the world.Modern medicine currently has no special curative means.Tuina has significant advantages in the treatment of this dis-ease and has achieved good clinical efficacy.To further explore the mechanism of tuina in the treatment of bronchial asthma,this article will review related research in recent years and summarize from four aspects:alleviating airway im-mune-inflammatory response,improving airway hyperresponsiveness,regulating autonomic nerve function,and enhan-cing immunity,in order to provide a safe and effective basis for clinical tuina treatment of bronchial asthma.
Objective:To investigate the effects of Fangtuo Yufa Essence on the skin follicles and their microenviron-ment of rats with androgenetic alopecia.Methods:Forty-five SPF SD Rats were randomLy divided into blank,control,model,minoxidil,and Fangtuo Yufa Essence groups.An androgenic alopecia rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate solvent(5mg/kg/d).The model was administered once daily for 35 days,while the blank group received no medication.The control group and the model group received 0.2 mL of saline,the minoxidil group received 0.2 mL of minoxidil,and the Fangtuo Yufa Essence group received 0.2 mL of Fangtuo Yufa Essence.The general condition of rats was observed,and the number of hair follicle density,pathological structure,local micro-environment and expression of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)were observed by HE staining,dermoscopy and West-ern blot.Results:The rats in the Fangtuo Yufa Essence group shed less hair than those in the model group,and the pa-thology confirmed that the number of hair follicles could be increased(P＜0.05),reduced the hair follicles and seba-ceous glands in rats could be reduced(P＜0.05),and increased the expression level of HGF protein(P＜0.05).der-moscopically,the model group had obvious hair thinning and greasy,and the yellow dots sign was obvious compared with the minoxidil group and Fangtuo Yufa Essence group in the same period,and the brown peripilar sign was occa-sionally seen in the minoxidil group and Fangtuo Yufa Essence group at week 4～5.Conclusion:Fangtuo Yufa Essence stimulates hair growth in rats with androgenetic alopecia,possibly by increasing follicle density,reducing follicle and sebaceous gland lesions,increasing the expression of HGF protein,and improving the microenvironment of the hair follicle.
The problems existing in the current standards and documents of medicinal Armillaria mellea are the evolu-tion of latin name naming system and the citation and compilation of documents.By systematically sorting out the standards,research literature and related books of Armillaria mellea,a kind of Chinese ateria medica(CMM),and ac-cording to the rules and evolution process of latin names.Based on the judgment of latin names,especially species addi-tions,it can be confirmed that the source of medicinal Armillaria mellea is consistent,but the written expression of their latin names is not unified.According to the latin nomenclature rules,latin name of CMM should be adjusted syn-chronously.
Perianal abscess,anal fistula and postoperative inflammation of anal fistula are all diseases of anorectal infec-tion,which belong to the category of perianal carbuncle in traditional Chinese medicine.Through many years of clinical experience summary,Professor Zheng Xueping believes that the pathogenesis of these diseases is mainly"dampness and heat",and emphasizes the flexible use of guwei therapy during treatment.Under the guidance of the theory of field pro-tection theory,encircling medicine represented by cayratia japonica cream are used in stages to achieve the purpose of"dispersing-encircling-collecting".It provides a new idea for the treatment of perianal carbuncle and ulcer diseases in addition to surgery and has high clinical reference significance.
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Shenggu Bushen Capsules in the treatment of femoral fracture,and to provide a basis for the preliminary evaluation of its drug safety by studying theacute toxic reaction of Shenggu Bushen Capsules on mice.Methods:The femoral fracture model was prepared by closed fracture method to observe the body weight,serum inflammatory factors,tissue healing and pathological changes of femoral fracture;ICR mice were used to administer the Huayu Zhixue Capsules by oral instillation to understand the degree of toxicity and organs in-volved in mice and predict the possible toxic reactions of human body when overtaking Shenggu Bushen Capsules after 14 days of continuous observation.Results:The serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in mice were obviously or significantly increased in the model group compared with the normal group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);After administration,the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were obviously or significantly decreased in the positive group compared with the model group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The levels were decreased in all dose group of Shenggu Bushen Capsules,and the levels of IL-1β in the high-dose group and the levels of TNF-α in the medium-to-high-dose groups were statistically different(P＜0.05);CT imaging showed that the femur and joint of the left hind leg of the rats in the normal group were normal,while the femur of the left hind leg of the model group was obviously fractured and dislocated.Femoral fractures of rats in each treatment group recovered to varying degrees,while the recovery of rats in the positive control group and the high-dose group of Shenggu Bushen Capsules was more obvious;HE staining diagram showed that the physiological structure of the femur,bone marrow and muscle of the rats in the normal group had no obvious abnormalities,while the rats in the model group showed rough fracture surfaces,loss of bone marrow and disordered muscle tissue structure.After administration,the femoral structure of rats in each group was partially reconstructed,especially in the high-dose of Bushen Capsules group,the femur's physiological structure of rats at all levels was clear,the bone marrow and mus-cle tissue were partially restored,and a callus was formed;There was no significant abnormality of autonomic activity,related toxic reaction and death in the both groups of mice during the test.In addition,compared with the blank control group,there was no significant difference in the body weight of mice before administration on the day of administration,on the 7d and 14d after administration,and the maximum daily administration dose of the mice was measured to be 16g/kg.Conclusion:Shenggu Bushen Capsules could effectively inhibit inflammatory reaction and had a significant effect on promoting the healing of femoral fracture.The acute toxicity test in mice showed that the mice given by oral administration were not related with their related toxic reaction and death,indicating that the drug was safe and reliable at this dose.
Objective:To observe the effect of median nerve acupuncture electric stimulation on awakening of coma pa-tients after traumatic brain injury,and compare the effect with that of median nerve percutaneous electrical stimulation.Methods:Thirty patients with post-traumatic coma who were admitted to the Third Hospital of Xiamen from May 2019 to April 2022 were randomly assigned to the median nerve acupuncture electric stimulation group(electroacupuncture group),the median nerve percutaneous electrical stimulation group(MNS group)and the control group,with 10 pa-tients in each group.All three groups received conventional wake-up therapy.The electroacupuncture group received the median nerve acupuncture electric stimulation on the basis of conventional treatment.In MNS group,median nerve percutaneous electrical stimulation was added to conventional treatment.Before and after the intervention,Glasgow Co-ma Scale(GCS)and Modified Coma Recovery Scale(CRS-R)were used to evaluate the consciousness level of the three groups.Results:After intervention,the total score of GCS in the electroacupuncture group was superior to that in the MNS group and the control group,with a significant difference(P＜0.05).The total score of CRS-R and its sub-items in the electroacupuncture group were superior to that in the control group,with a significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The median nerve acupuncture electric stimulation has a positive effect on awakening of coma patients with traumatic brain injury,and its improvement of consciousness level may be slightly better than the median nerve percuta-neous electrical stimulation.
Hemospermia is a common disease in andrology.The state of this illness is easy to relapse,and the course of the disease is prolonged.Additionally,it is prone to develop into chronic and refractory hemospermia.Therefore,it is li-able to aggravate the psychological burden of patients.According to many years of clinical observation,Professor Yu Zhiqiang believes that the location of the disease is in the seminal vesicle(also known as the essence chamber),which is most intimately associated with the liver and kidney.Its syndrome type is mostly fire(heat)syndrome,and it can be in-terpreted by deficiency and excess.Excess syndrome is blamed on the liver;deficiency syndrome is blamed on the kid-ney.In terms of treatment,based on his"stagnation theory",he advocated"promoting and clearing stagnation".In the early stage,he started from the liver to regulate qi movement to restore the normal balance of qi movement of the body.In the late stage,starting with the kidney,nourishing yin to reduce pathogenic fire in order to strengthen the foundation and prevent the resurgence of pathogenic factors.Addressing both symptoms and root causes and combining them with disease and syndrome can obtain good clinical effects.
Objective:To investigate the early clinical efficacy of Taohong Jiegu Capsule combined with minimally inva-sive osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus with thumb bursitis.Methods:From January 2020 to December 2022,60 patients(92 feet)with hallux valgus admitted to the First Department of Orthopedics,Taihe Hospital of Anhui Uni-versity of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into control group and study group,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with minimally invasive osteotomy of hallux valgus,and the study group was trea-ted with Taohong Jiegu Capsule on the basis of the control group.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed and compared.Bone mineral density,hallux valgus angle(HVA),intermetarsal angle(IMA)and distal metatarsal ar-ticular angle(DMAA)were measured and compared between the control group and the study group before and after operation.The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)forefoot scoring system and visual analogue scale(VAS)were used to evaluate the postoperative recovery effect.Results:The effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The HVA and IMA of the two groups were significantly reduced at 3 months after operation,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The bone mineral density and AOFAS in the study group were higher than those in the control group at 3 months after operation,and the VAS was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Taohong Jiegu Capsule combined with minimally invasive osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus.
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes.Microalbuminuria in urine is one of the early events of diabetic nephropathy.The endothelial cells in the glomerulus are crucial elements in blood filtration,and their damage is correlated with the occurrence and development of albuminuria.In a state of high blood glucose,the cells produce an excessive amount of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),leading to reduced endo-thelial cell activity and increased apoptosis,resulting in endothelial dysfunction.NETs might also exacerbate the endo-thelial injury by amplifying the inflammatory response.Wuling San has been proven to effectively reduce urinary pro-tein,protect endothelial cells,improve renal function,and delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy.Earlier experi-ments have demonstrated that Wuling San could decrease the inflammatory response and reduce NETs formation.In conclusion,Wuling San might exert a protective effect on glomerular endothelial cells by inhibiting the formation of NETs,thus suppressing the development of diabetic nephropathy.This offers a scientific basis and empirical evidence supporting the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Insomnia disorder refers to the subjective experience of having appropriate sleep opportunities and environ-ments,but still dissatisfied with sleep time and quality,and affecting daytime social function.Through statistics,it is learned that 38.4％of the population suffer from sleep disorder.Treat insomnia from the quality of thought has become the current research focus.The concept of"pre disease"in traditional Chinese medicine includes five states:disease without onset,disease without onset,disease without transmission,disease without prosperity,and disease without re-covery.Adjusting these five states through the"trinity"intervention method can improve the quality of patient explana-tions.Physique is the morphological structure,physiological function,and psychological state generated through innate endowment and acquired during the human life process.Professor Li Xiaoping believes that identifying patients'physi-cal fitness and using it as a basis for targeted prevention of susceptible diseases can lead to better prognosis.
Objective:To evaluate the literature quality of clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT)of Zhuang Medicine based on the statement of the unified standard(CONSORT)of clinical randomized controlled trial reports.Methods:Randomized controlled trials related to Zhuang Pharmaceutical from CNKI,VIP Chinese Science and Technology Jour-nal Database,WANFANG DATA and China Biomedical Literature Service System(SinoMed)were searched by com-puter from the database establishment to September 2022.The literature retrieved from the above database was screened out to meet the requirements,and then the literature extraction table was set up,including the basic literature information and the 7 parts and 25 items in the CONSORT statement.Then,according to the literature extraction ta-ble,the included literature was evaluated and reported one by one.Results:A total of 4 430 literatures were retrieved,and 452 were included in the RCT study.According to the CONSORT statement,109(24.1％)reported complete sub-ject eligibility criteria,while 109(24.1％)mentioned only diagnostic criteria;Only 6 literatures(1.3％)mentioned the calculation method of sample size.In 261 papers(57.7％),the random method was explained,and in 191 papers(42.3％),only"random"was used to generalize the generation of random assignment sequences.Block randomization method was mentioned in 2 literatures(0.4％).25(5.5％)mentioned how to allocate hiding;Statistical methods were explained in 396(87.6％).Baseline data between groups were tabulated in 156 literatures(34.5％);48(10.6％)re-ported the shedding condition;48(10.6％)had a follow-up period;Adverse reactions were reported in 115 studies(25.4％);Only 1 research report(0.2％)test registration number and registration institution name.Conclusion:Cur-rently,the overall quality of literatures on RCTS related to Zhuang medicine is low,and the deficiencies of the protocol should be modified and improved according to the CONSORT statement,so as to ensure the integrity of clinical trial da-ta and the reliability of conclusions.
In order to provide scientific basis for further development and utilization of Mongolian medicinal material Chaganqu Masai,the research on the materia medica was carried out.By referring to classic medical books of Mongoli-an medicine,literature research was used to sort out the history of clinical medication of Mongolian medicine,and the basic source of medicinal materials was researched.The Qumaz used in Tibetan medicine is Polygonum Polygonum sibiricum Laxm of Polygonum family.Rheum nobile Hook.f.et Thoms.Rheum nobile Hook.F.et thoms.Rheum pumilum Maxim is used in parts of Tibet and Rheum Pumilum Maxim is used in parts of Qinghai.It is a substitute.Veronica anagallis-aquatica L is Veronica Anagallis-aquatica L,the name of Veronica Anagallis-Aquatica L.Or the dried whole grass of Veronica Vanagalloides Guss.The literature research of the Mongolian medicinal material Chaganqu Masai was carried out to correct the source and provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of the medicinal material.
