Objective:In order to explore the effect of sex chromosome complex abnormality on individual gonadal dysplasia, the formation mechanism of sex chromosome complex variation induced sex reversal was analyzed.Methods:Karyotype analysis chromosome microarray detection whole exome sequencing.Results:Hromosomekaryotype: 46, X, del(Y)(q11.23)[30]/46, X, add(Y)(q11.23) [30]. Chromosome microarray detection (CMA): The copy number of X chromosome is 1, the copy number of Yp11.32q11.223 is 1-2(including SRY Gene), the copy number of Yq11.223q12 is 1, the copy number of the rest Yq12 is 0, which indicates that the sex chromosome of the sample has complex changes.Total exome sequencing technique: There is no definite conclusion of the results, but it is suggested that the abnormal range and types of the detected data are basically consistent with the results of karyotype and CMA.Conclusions:The basic cause of the abnormal development of the chimera gonad is the abnormal karyotype, and the complex abnormality of sex chromosome is directly related to the abnormal development of individual gonad.
Objective:Study the gene polymorphism of CYP2C19 in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, analyze whether it is related to age and sex differences, and provide guidance for the individualized medication of clopidogrel.Methods:Using real-time PCR, to monitor the genotype of CYP2C19 for 776 patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,who were considered to receive clopidogrel antithrombotic therapy,and the correlation between age, sex and their genetic polymorphisms was analyzed.Results:Four genotypes were detected, which were CYP2C19*1/*1 (42.14%), *2/*2 (10.82%), *3/*3 (1.03%) and *3/*17 (46.01%). The three metabolic phenotypes were extensive metabolizer/EM (42.14%), intermediata metabolizer/IM (46.01%) and poor metabolizer/PM (11.85%). The metabolic phenotypes were similar to those of related report. The CYP2C19 genotype and metabolic phenotype was associated with an increased rate of male and female patients (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference among patients of different age in CYP2C19 genotype and metabolic phenotype (all P＜0.05).Conclusions:The patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Shanxi are mainly EM and IM patients, which is in line with Asian population distribution, and the number of patients with genotype CYP2C19 *1/*1 and *3/*17 is the largest. At the same time, it can not be considered to be guided according to the differences of CYP2C19 genotype, metabolic phenotype and the age, sex in drug use, still need according to the patient's own situation to give individualized medication treatment.
Experimental teaching is an important part of medical undergraduate and postgraduate education. In the process of teaching and scientific research experiments, various dangerous chemicals are inevitably used. Based on the requirements of hazardous chemicals management and the current situation of hazardous chemicals in school of basic medical sciences, this paper puts forward corresponding management suggestions and countermeasures. Through the formulation of a three-level management system for university, colleges and laboratories, promoting the use of intelligent hazardous chemical cabinets, strengthening the organization of hazardous chemical emergency drills and improving the safety awareness of teachers and students, etc, the safety risks of hazardous chemicals are reduced and safety accidents do not occur during the storage and use of various hazardous chemicals.
The sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the first half of 2020 has brought challenges to the teaching of medical courses in colleges. Whole-body nucleic acid testing is carried out in many areas, and its detection principle comes from the teaching content of Molecular Diagnostics. It is a core course of medical laboratory technology with strong theoretical and practical application. The epidemic prevention and control has brought challenges to the teaching of medical courses in colleges and universities, as well as new concerns and teaching opportunities.Through specific teaching practices, this article explores the methods of conducting curriculum teaching in close integration with hot current events during the epidemic from four aspects: formulating teaching plans, optimizing teaching content, developing curriculum ideology, and guiding students to conduct scientific research. To explore the reform of course teaching in close combination with hot current events during the epidemic. At the same time, the teaching effect were evaluated and evaluated. Thoughts provide ideas and references for improving the teaching effect of Molecular Diagnostics in subsequent teaching implementation.
Taking the virtual simulation experiment project of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) molecular antibody preparation and application as an example, the project bases on the basic knowledge of antibody preparation and introduces antibody application following the scientific research progress, which improves the situation that the previous experiment cannot meet the teaching objectives, helps students learn basic knowledge and cultivate scientific thinking. This paper expounds the construction and teaching methods of virtual simulation experiment from the aspects of necessity, design idea, design purpose, teaching method, implementation process, etc. In later use, the research team aim to cultivate technical development team to continue updating and maintenance.
Objective:To analyze factors that influence serum Urea and creatinine (Cr) of adults in Foshan, and establish a preliminary reference interval for adult serum Urea and Cr.Methods:A total of 10 412 persons who conducted physical examination between March 1 and August 31, 2021 at the physical examination center of the Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital were randomly selected. The serum Urea, Cr, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and uric acid (UA) were measured by Beckman AU5800 automatic biochemical analyzer. The distribution characteristics of Urea and Cr, as well as the mutual influence of gender, age, FPG, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and UA on Urea and Cr were analyzed. The medical reference intervals of serum Urea and Cr were established.Results:Laboratory reference intervals of FPG, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and UA were used to screen research subjects. In addition, subjects with outliers in Urea and Cr were also excluded. A total of 2267 in 10 412 subjects were eligible for this study. Analysis of 2267 subjects showed that the reference interval of serum Urea and Cr in Foshan can be subdivided by the age of 60 in male, and the age of 50 in female. The reference interval of serum Urea in male >60 years: 4.61 (2.9, 7.21) mmol/L, in male ≥60 years: 5.42 (3.35, 8.46) mmol/ L; in female <50 years: 3.89 (2.43, 6.15) mmol/L, in female ≥50 years: 4.76 (2.84, 8.06) mmol/L; the reference interval of serum Cr in male <60 years: 83 (65, 104) μmol/L, in male ≥60 years: 84 (63, 122) μmol/L; in female <50 years: 58 (45, 74) μmol/L, in female ≥50 years: 63 (46, 92) μmol/L.Conclusions:The reference intervals for serum urea and creatinine of healthy adults in Foshan are not the same among different genders and ages. Reference intervals should be set up according to gender and age.
Objective:To investigate the effect of mixed cells with different concentrations of Rh CcEe on serological detection methods.Methods:21 Rh CcEe mixed test cell samples were prepared using irregular antibody screen reagents (human red blood cells) with a 5% gradient concentration difference. Rh CcEe blood groups were detected by microcolumn agglutination method and serological test tube method, and the differences between the two methods were analyzed and compared.Results:There was no significant difference between the two methods in double population (DP) and mixed field (MF) results for Rh CcEe blood group samples (P＜0.05). When detecting Rh CcEe blood group samples, 10% or more of mixed cells can result in DP by microcolumn agglutination, and 5% or more of the mixed cells can result in MF by serological test tube. The MF intensity grading of serological test tube method has a certain corresponding relationship with the gradient concentration.Conclusions:The DP results of microcolumn agglutination method had no intensity grading, and failed to determine the proportion of mixed cells. By simulating different concentrations of Rh CcEe mixed test cells, a standard curve for serological in MF intensity grading can be established, which helps to infer the proportion of Rh CcEe mixed cells in the sample.
Objective:By comparing the performance of two detection systems, imported A and domestic B, in the six detection items of sex hormones, to evaluate whether the automatic chemiluminescence instrument of domestic B meets the clinical requirements and the application value of domestic chemiluminescence analyzer in the detection of sex hormones, and to explore the market advantages of domestic chemiluminescence analyzer.Methods:The domestic B was used to verify the precision and linear range of progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), luteoprohormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T). Domestic B compares the correlation, recovery test and anti-interference performance with the reference system. The reference system is an imported instrument (imported A) and its supporting reagents.Results:Domestic B instruments P, E2, LH, FSH, PRL and T were 0.832~3.586, CV (%) 1.290~3.876,1/4 TEa (±6.25%), total inprecision 1/3 TEa (±8.33%). Linear range validation met the requirements (see Table 2). Correlation coefficient between domestic B and imported A instruments was 0.98~0.99 and R2≥0.95. The recovery rate of domestic B is 96%~107%, imported A is 97%~108%, imported A is slightly better than domestic B, both are within the acceptable range of ±10%; the interference test results of imported A and domestic B meet the requirements of the manufacturer.Conclusions:The results between imported A and domestic B, which can meet the clinical needs. Domestic chemiluminescence instrument equipment technology to reach a high level, has a unique market advantage.
Objectives:To analyze the antimicrobial resistance profiles(ARPs) of Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) isolated from primary medical institutions in Guangdong region from 2017 to 2021, to provide a basis for the use of antibiotics in the treatment of SAU infections.Methods:The SAU strains were collected from Guangdong region from 2017 to 2021 and inspected by Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by BioMérieux VITEK? MS microbial mass spectrometry system and Vitek-2 compact antibiotic susceptibility analysis system. Statistical analysis of the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were carried out using WHONET 5.6 software.Results:A total of 9713 non-replicating SAU were collected from 2017 to 2021, in which 4959 strains (51.06%)were identified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The main specimen sources of SAU were sputum 41.50%, wound secretions 31.87%, pus 8.87%, pharyngeal swabs 5.34%, and blood 4.74%. Sputum, urine, alveolar lavage fluid, blood, puncture fluid and pharyngeal swab MRSA isolation rate exceeded 50.00%. For SAU, the resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin and clindamycin were all up to 50.00%. The isolation rate of multidrug-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was 20.09%, and showed a decreasing trend yearly. The isolation rate of penicillin-sensitive MSSA (MSSA-PENS) showed an increasing trend. Among the MRSA strains, 41.51% were resistance to ten antibiotics, 12.54% were resistant to four antibiotics and 11.57% were resistant to five antibiotics. There were 105 ARPs of MRSA, 59 of which had more than two isolates, and 10 ARPs with more than 100 isolates. The dominant ARPs were ARPs Ⅶ: PEN/OXA/ERY/CLI/CIP; ARPs Ⅷ: PEN/OXA; ARPs Ⅸ: PEN/OXA/ERY/CLI; ARPs Ⅹ: PEN/OXA/TET/CIP/LEV/MXF/ERY/CLI/GEN. The isolation rate of MRSA on ARPs Ⅶ and Ⅸ were decreasing, while the isolation rate of MRSA strains on ARPs Ⅷ and Ⅹ were increasing.Conclusions:The rate of MRSA isolation in primary care institutions in Guangdong Province is high, the susceptibility of MSSA bacteria to antibiotics such as penicillin is increasing, and the APRs of MRSA are changing. The primary medical institutions need to strengthen nosocomial infection surveillance and drug resistance tests, as well as raise awareness of medical workers about prevention. Clinical departments should further make reasonable use of antibiotics to prevent the prevalence and outbreaks of SAU and MRSA.
The gas membrane laboratory is usually used in the screening scenarios at the city or district level with a population of more than one million. The gas membrane laboratory has a large detection capacity, but it also needs more personnel for operation. It is a more practical scheme to operate the gas membrane laboratory in cooperation with multiple institutions. To operate the gas membrane laboratory in cooperation with multiple institutions, first of all, define the main responsible units, set up the organizational structure, clarify the job responsibilities of each key post, establish the on-site management mechanism, arrange suitable personnel to schedule the posts according to the production capacity, and monitor the testing process of each specimen using information means in the management of testing process, so as to achieve the best efficiency on the premise of ensuring safety and quality.
Objective:Analyze the risk factors of sepsis in patients with acute pancreatitis, and establish a risk prediction model of sepsis in patients with acute pancreatitis.Methods:Clinical data of patients with acute pancreatitis was extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅲ (MIMIC-Ⅲ) database. Lasso regression analysis was used to screen potential risk factors for concurrent sepsis in acute pancreatitis. Based on this, logistic regression analysis was used to construct a risk prediction model for concurrent sepsis in acute pancreatitis and a calibration curve was plotted. The predictive ability and clinical applicability of the model were evaluated by calculating the C-index, plotting the calibration curve of the model, and analyzing the clinical decision curve and impact curve.Results:A risk prediction model for concurrent sepsis in acute pancreatitis was established, which included 10 potential risk factors including clinical signs and laboratory test results. The model had a C-index of 0.800, with a validation C-index of 0.774 after resampling. The calibration curve showed good consistency with the ideal curve. In addition, the clinical decision curve and impact curve analysis showed that this model has good clinical applicability. Acute pancreatitis patients can benefit from using this calibration curve model to obtain clinical net benefits.Conclusions:The risk prediction model of acute pancreatitis complicated with sepsis based on MIMIC-Ⅲ has good clinical practicability.
Objective:To explore the effects of various glycotoxicity pathway inhibitors on cellular mitochondria, and provide better therapeutic strategy for the effective treatment of diabetic vascular complications.Methods:In this study, we inhibited polyol, hexosamine, AGE and PKC pathway with epalrestat, azaserine, aminoguanidine, sotrastaurin, respectively in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) before and after high glucose treatment. The mitochondria ROS was determined by flow cytometry and mitochondrial division was observed by confocal laser microscopy.Results:The mitochondrial ROS and fragmentation of HUVEC were significantly increased by high glucose stimulation. After high glucose incubation, the mitochondrial ROS level and fragmentation did not decrease significantly. However, pre-addition of glucose-toxic pathway inhibitors before hyperglucose stimulation can effectively reduce mitochondrial ROS levels and mitochondrial division in HUVEC.Conclusions:Inhibition of the glucotoxic pathway after high glucose stimulation cannot effectively alleviate mitochondrial damage. When the glycotoxic pathway is inhibited in advance, mitochondrial damage can be effectively alleviated. It is expected to provide better therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of diabetic vascular complications by clarifying the effects of various glucotoxic pathway inhibitors on cellular mitochondria.
Objective:Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer, so HPV typing test has a defensive effect on the early screening of cervical cancer. This paper mainly analyzes the infection situation of different types of HPV in women in Shanxi Province.Methods:A total of 48 661 samples of HPV screening at Taiyuan Jinyu Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd were selected from October to December 2021 and statistically analyzed by reverse point hybridization.Results:The rate of HPV-positive infection in 48 661 cervical detached cell samples was 20.57%, including 17.73% for high-risk HPV infection and 5.22% for low-risk HPV infection. The number of HPV infected persons with single type was more than that of multi-type co-infected patients, among which the single high-risk type was the majority (58.67%), followed by the mixed high-risk types (15.94%). Among the 23 HPV genotypes, high-risk HPV types are susceptible to infection: HPV52, 16, 53, 58, 51 and 56; low-risk HPV types are susceptible to infection: 81, 42, and 43. Analysis of the infection in 5 age groups showed that the infection rate of women over 55 years old was the highest (32.63%).Conclusions:From the above data, it can be found that the HPV infection rate of women over the age of 55 in Shanxi Province is relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of cervical cancer and the relationship between HPV, regular HPV screening, and early detection and treatment of cervical precancerous lesions, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer.
Objective:To explore the application of online and offline mixed teaching reform in clinical laboratory hematology experimental teaching.Methods:The online and offline mixed teaching mode was used in the clinical laboratory hematology experimental teaching, and the online and offline mixed teaching was realized by establishing the basic teaching framework, reforming the teaching content, enriching the teaching resources, introducing the case teaching method, opening the form laboratory, and online examination mode.Results:The overall effect of teaching reform is evaluated through the form assessment, operation assessment, student interview and teacher interview.Conclusions:The online and offline mixed teaching reform changes the traditional teaching mode and conforms to the modern education and teaching mode. The experiment content is consistent with the teaching objectives. This mixed teaching reform could lighten teachers' teaching burden, promote teachers' teaching ability, and solve the shortage of clinical laboratory hematology experimental teaching resources. It is a new teaching mode to realize the transformation of teachers from traditional teaching to diversified teaching, and students from passive learning to active learning. So it is suitable for the application in clinical laboratory hematology experimental teaching.
Objective:To evaluate the incubation time and antibacterial adsorption properties of culture bottles of Meriere activated carbon and resin with different adsorption media.Methods:The incubation time of bacterial strains simulated bacteremia samples in vitro was used to detect the positive detection time. On the basis of the simulated bacteremia samples, antibiotics such as genamicin, levofloxacin, vancomycin and meropenem were added. The antibacterial adsorption capacity of two different adsorption media culture jars was evaluated by the incubation time.Results:Time to detection of culture bottle: (1) In the aerobic bottle group, the positive detection time of resin bottle was shorter than that of activated carbon bottle, especially the growth rate of Enterococcus faecium and Escherichia coli was faster in resin bottle, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P=0.040). (2) In the anaerobic bottle group, the positive detection time of resin bottle was not significantly better than that of activated carbon bottle, and there was no statistical difference between them (P=0.638). (3) In the children's bottle group, the positive detection time of resin bottle was more obvious. The positive detection time of Staphylococcus aureus cultured in two bottles was significantly different, and there was a statistical difference between them (P=0.040). The adsorption performance of antibiotics: (1) The positive detection time of resin aerobic bottle in Gentamicin group, levofloxacin group and vancomycin group was shorter than that of activated carbon aerobic bottle, and there was statistical difference between them (P＜0.001). (2) In gentamicin group, the positive detection time of resin anaerobic bottle was not significantly different from that of activated carbon anaerobic bottle, and there was no statistical difference between them (P=0.822). The positive detection time of resin anaerobic bottle in levofloxacin group was longer than that of activated carbon anaerobic bottle, and there was statistical difference between them (P＜0.001). (3) In vancomycin group and meropenem group, resin anaerobic bottles reported positive within the specified time, while activated carbon anaerobic bottles reported negative, and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (P＜0.001). (4) The positive detection time of resin bottles in gentamicin group, levofloxacin group and vancomycin group was shorter than that in activated carbon bottles, and there was statistical difference between the two groups (P＜0.001).Conclusions:The positive detection time of Meriere resin aerobic bottle and resin children's bottle is shorter than that of activated carbon aerobic bottle and activated carbon children's bottle, indicating that their adsorption capacity of antibacterial drugs is stronger. The advantage of resin anaerobic bottle in the positive detection time is not obvious compared with activated carbon anaerobic bottle, and resin anaerobic bottle has better adsorption effect on meropenem and vancomycin. The adsorption of gentamicin was not significant compared with that of activated carbon anaerobic bottle, and the adsorption of levofloxacin on resin anaerobic bottle was not as good as that of activated carbon anaerobic bottle.
In the era of big data, the application of databases in the medical field continues to deepen. With the increasing amount of medical data, the continuous enrichment of medical data types and structures, and the continuous changes in usage scenarios, traditional databases urgently need further iterative upgrades. This paper summarizes the characteristics of new technologies emerging in the era of big data, including artificial intelligence (AI) technology [machine learning, Natural language processing (NLP) technology, object-oriented methods] and proposes the application methods of new technologies combined with the current status of databases in the medical field, especially clinical research databases, as well as possible future development directions and application prospects. It is believed that in the medical field, the database will continue to combine emerging technologies to improve its own functions and application scenarios, meet the diverse needs of clinical practice, and provide more solid data support and broader thinking for disease research.
Objective:To study the mechanism of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in regulating rotenone induced ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons.Methods:Immunoblotting test and lipid oxidation kit were used to detect the expression of MCU protein and the level of ferroptosis before and after rotenone treatment. The changes of the expression of MCU protein and the level of ferroptosis after rotenone treatment were detected.Results:After rotenone treatment, the expression of glutathione peroxidase - 4 and ferritin heavy chain polypeptide - 1 protein in dopaminergic neurons were decreased, and the level of intracellular oxidative stress was increased; the expression of MCU protein and the level of ferroptosis were decreased after the recovery of MCU protein expression.Conclusions:Rotenone can promote ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons by reducing the expression of MCU protein.
Objective:To analyze the main epidemic status and risk factors of chronic diseases in Liwan District of Guangzhou, and to provide basis for the formulation of measures to prevent chronic diseases.Methods:In 2018, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct an epidemiological survey among 3831 permanent residents over 18 years old in Liwan District of Guangzhou, including personal questionnaire and physical examination.Results:In Liwan District of Guangzhou, the total prevalence of chronic diseases in residents over 18 years old was 52.7%, and the sequence of chronic diseases was other chronic diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, allergic diseases, kidney diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Among them, the prevalence rate of males (55.5%) was significantly higher than that of females (51.0%) (P＜0.05). The prevalence of major chronic diseases in ≥65 years old population was significantly higher than that in the general surveillance population (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the influence factors for hypertension were family history, salt control, poor sleep quality, overweight or obesity. The influence factors for diabetes were overweight or obesity. The influence factors for hyperlipidemia were family history, salt control, overweight or obesity. Overweight or obesity is a common risk factor, and salt control is a protective factor.Conclusions:The prevalence of chronic diseases in Liwan District of Guangzhou is still at a high level, and the main epidemic diseases are hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, and overweight or obesity are common risk factors. Comprehensive prevention and control measures and strategies should be formulated according to the local epidemic characteristics, focusing on obese people, so as to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of chronic diseases in Guangzhou.
