This study aimed to evaluate two obesity induction protocols regarding their inflammatory effects and possible impact on the nociceptive profile of obese rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats, weighing about 200 g, were used. The animals were divided into 1 control diet group (CD, fat 5%) and 2 hypercaloric diet groups: the cafeteria diet (CF, fat 30.95%) and the high-fat diet (HF, fat 23.04%). The animals were evaluated for body weight, nociceptive profile, adiposity index, and various parameters including biochemical, hematological, and inflammatory cytokines. The CF group was the only one to show a significant increase in body weight compared to the control group. However, both obesity induction groups (CF and HF) showed a significant increase in the adiposity index. Beyond that, it was observed that the animals in the CF and HF groups presented changes in the thermal nociceptive profile, however, only the CF group had changes in mechanical nociception. Furthermore, the results indicate a significant increase in the leukocyte and platelet counts in the CF and HF groups, with a systemic increase in TNF-α only in the CF group. Our results support a correlation between the adiposity index and the release of TNF-α, as well as this cytokine with nociceptive changes of the nociceptive profile. In this context, a correlation between the high mass of adipose tissue and the release of TNF-α is suggested, which is related to the alteration of the nociceptive profile.
. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Given the rapid growth of the Multiple sclerosis disease, it is crucial to establish a standard self-care model for Multiple sclerosis patients. The purpose of this study was to clarify the formation process of self-care behaviors and provide an integrated model of self-care for patients with Multiple sclerosis. This qualitative study employed a grounded theory approach. Data collection involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 Multiple sclerosis patients, as well as document reviews. For data analysis, continuous comparison based on Corbin and Strauss method was used. The formation process of self-care behaviors in Multiple sclerosis patients included four categories "understanding the symptoms of the disease, tendency towards conscious and targeted care, negligence in caregiving, and tendency to receive therapy services". The central concept extracted from this study was ‘self-care in the shadows of fear and hope’. The main concern of the patients, as revealed by this study’s findings, was understanding the chronic nature of the disease and its management. Individual and environmental factors are among the parameters that should be given special attention in the formation of self-care behaviors. This study contributes to the development of a background theory that not only describes the formation process of self-care behaviors and explains its concepts, but also predicts the factors influencing self-care.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Buzzy, which can apply vibration and cold application at the same time, on the reduction of pain during intramuscular antibiotic injection in children. The population of the study consisted of all children who applied for intramuscular injection. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 100 children who met the case selection criteria and agreed to participate in the study, and the children were assigned to each group (Control = 50, Practice = 50) as simple randomization. Data were obtained using Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Facial Pain Scale (FPS-R). The VAS total score averages of the sick children in the control group evaluated at the 5th minute were found to be statistically higher than the VAS total score averages of the sick children in the experimental group (p = 0.029; p < 0.05). In addition, delta FPS-R total score averages of the sick children in the experimental group were found to be statistically lower than the delta FPS-R total mean scores of the sick children in the control group (p = 0,030; p < 0,05). According to the data we have obtained, it can be said that the application of Buzzy has a positive effect on pain control and it is recommended to encourage the use of this device in all pediatric clinics and to start using it in practice.
Post-pandemic studies in terms of safety knowledge, administrative controls and psychological implications are important to prepare for future global health emergencies especially in developing countries like Pakistan. This study aimed to assess post-pandemic evaluation of three important constraints of healthcare settings in terms of existed safety knowledge of healthcare providers, adopted administrative controls and psychological implications due to COVID-19 infection. An online cross-sectional survey was designed to assess safety knowledge, administrative controls and psychological implications among healthcare providers both in public and private during pandemic. A total of 1373 healthcare providers were sampled through convenient techniques. A One-Way ANOVA analysis was performed, and results were discussed at a significance level p 0.05. Data revealed a significant difference in terms of safety knowledge and administrative controls in age, educational levels, working shift and type of hospitals p 0.05. Significant response variations were observed among different job types and work experience of healthcare providers in terms of safety knowledge, administrative controls and psychological implications p 0.05. Results in terms of gender and marital status were insignificant among healthcare providers. Overall, this study observed satisfactory scores in terms of safety knowledge and administrative controls measures, but low scores of psychological implications highlighted critical gaps in healthcare settings. This study concludes to fight with future pandemic episodes through sustainable occupational health safety practices, designed interventions, improved administrative controls adherence and psychological support programs integrated into hospital operations are required in developing countries like Pakistan for frontline workers of pandemic.
The aim of the study was to analyze pain, posture and trunk stabilization in postmenopausal women with chronic low back pain (LBP). A total of 59 volunteer women with chronic LBP were divided into 2 groups as non-menopausal women in Group 1 and post-menopausal women in Group 2. Pain was assessed using the McGill Pain Scale Short Form and Visual Anologue Score(VAS), static posture using the New York Posture Rating Scale and trunk stabilization using the McGill and plank tests. There was no difference between the groups on the McGill pain score (p = 0.143) but the VAS scores were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (p = 0.018). Group 2 had worse posture (p < 0.001). When comparing of the trunk stabilization tests, the results of the trunk extension, trunk flexion, side plank and plank tests were less in Group 2 (p = 0.014, p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.003). The results of this study show that pain and postural deviations increase and trunk stabilization decreases in women with chronic LBP in the postmenopausal period. There is a need to focus on solutions to reduce additional musculoskeletal problems caused by the postmenopausal period.
