Digital service trade has emerged as a pivotal engine for global economic transformation and development.When fostering international economic and trade cooperation,economies must strike a balance between comprehensive openness and protective policies that limit openness.Additionally,the homogeneity of regulatory laws with multilateral/bilateral trading partners must also be taken into consideration. This paper evaluates the uniformity of regulatory laws among economies and their digital service trade partners,investigating the impact mechanism of differences in regulatory homogenization on the scale of digital service trade.Firstly,this paper constructs a regulatory homogenization network for digital service trade.Secondly,the overall structural characteristics of the network are analyzed.The concept of homogenization intensity is then introduced to characterize the relations between economies.Thirdly,this paper theoretically clarifies the channels through which regulatory homogenization affects exports,and combines mechanism test and heterogeneity test to explore the specific characteristics of how regulatory homogenization intensity impacts the scale of digital service exports.According to the analysis of characteristics of the regulatory homogenization network,economies deeply involved in digital service trade tend to optimize and simplify existing trade partnerships.The diversification restrictions adopted by major economies are expanding the heterogeneity of regulatory laws in digital service trade.The empirical results further indicate that expanding and deepening regulatory homogenization partnerships in digital service trade promotes major economies'export of digital services.This promotion effect is mainly achieved through the reduction of digital service trade costs and the enhancement of commercial trust.Overall,the export promotion effect of regulatory homogenization partnerships in digital service trade is superior to the effect of increasing digital service trade openness.Based on the research findings,this paper recommends following strategies to strengthen regulatory uniformity in digital service trade.Firstly,leading economies should strive for unified trade rules to ease digital service trade barriers and form international regulations that foster consistency in digital trade.Secondly,China should work with other major economies to forge partnerships that standardize digital trade regulations,thus improving the trade environment and reducing operational costs.Thirdly,China should enhance regulatory harmonization with Asian and developing countries to broaden the global reach of its digital trade practices.Additionally,promoting technological innovation and crafting export strategies tailored to the distinct features of digital services will build commercial trust.
绿色发展是新发展理念的关键内容.本文以2004-2009年中国增值税转型改革为制度背景,研究了税收激励如何影响企业污染排放这一问题.本文首先构建了一个理论模型,刻画增值税转型改革这一税收激励政策对企业污染排放的影响机制,并分解出研发创新效应、清洁生产效应和规模扩张效应三条路径.接下来,以增值税转型改革为 自然实验,运用多时点双重差分法,实证检验了该税收激励政策对企业污染排放的作用效果.结果表明,增值税转型改革会显著降低企业的污染排放.从机制分析看,增值税转型改革会激发企业投资活力,促进企业的研发创新和清洁生产,从而降低企业的污染排放;并且,增值税转型改革会扩大企业的生产规模,表明税收激励的减排效应并不以限制企业规模化发展为代价.同时,增值税转型改革的减排效果对于民营企业、资本密集型企业和东部地区企业来说更为突出.此外,增值税转型改革不仅促进了在位企业的污染减排,还导致高污染排放企业退出市场,促进低污染排放企业进入市场,从而降低了整体污染排放规模.本文丰富了绿色发展的理论和经验研究,为通过科学合理的税收激励推动环境保护与经济发展的协同共进提供了有益的政策启示.
Abstract Deglobalization and elevated inflation are important features of the current world economy. Will the reversing of globalization affect the level and formation mechanism of inflation in the countries (or regions)? This paper selects 163 sample economies and constructs an index system in measurement of globalization. On such basis, it integrates the index system into the hybrid Phillips curve under the condition of open economy to study the influence of globalization on inflation and the logical mechanism and to further evaluate the driving effect of deglobalization on global inflation. The result shows a deflation effect of globalization, and the effect decreases first and then grow as the globalization level of a country (or region) improves. To further investigate the formation mechanism of inflation, the paper decomposes inflation into inflation trend and inflation cycle. As far as inflation trend is concerned, trade globalization marked by participation in global value chain is the main driver of downward inflation trend in developed economies, while globalization of information and finance is the primary driver of downward trend in emerging and developing economies. As to inflation cycle, trade globalization makes inflation cycle of the countries (or regions) more sensitive to price of international commodities and forms a linkage through trade network. Since the outbreak of the major public health emergency in 2020, the reversing of globalization drove up inflation of the countries (or regions), and those with higher participation in global value chain have higher level of inflation.
实现碳达峰碳中和是一场系统性变革,需要全社会共同发力.数字经济作为推动经济高质量发展的新引擎,理应为推动实现碳达峰碳中和目标发挥重要作用.本文构建了一个内生增长模型,揭示了数字经济促进碳减排的新机制,并进行了实证检验.研究表明,数字经济发展具有显著的碳减排效应,在考虑变量选择偏误、剔除其他政策影响和容忍"不外生工具变量"等稳健性、内生性检验后该结论依然成立.机制分析发现,除技术进步和能源利用效率渠道以外,数字经济促进了技术多样化,为碳减排提供了更稳定的激励,且技术相关性越高,数字经济对技术多样化的提升效应越明显.异质性分析表明,要素禀赋差异、跨界污染转移和主体功能定位是影响省际交界地区数字经济碳减排效应的重要因素.数字产业化和产业数字化对碳减排的影响具有区域差异,在低数字产业化与高产业数字化的地区,数字经济的碳减排作用更加显著.本文不仅为系统理解数字经济的碳排放影响提供了新的分析视角,也为促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型、积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和提供了政策启示.
在贸易摩擦冲击下仍能保持出口稳定是企业出口韧性的重要体现.本文探究了企业数字化转型在应对贸易摩擦、提升出口韧性中的作用.本文借助企业多工厂出口模型并引入数字化参数,理论上探讨了企业数字化转型对贸易摩擦冲击的应对效果和作用渠道.进一步地,利用2001-2015年的整合微观企业数据,将反倾销作为冲击展开"准自然实验"研究,验证了理论命题.研究发现:以反倾销为代表的贸易摩擦给中国企业出 口带来了明显冲击,造成涉案企业出口平均下降5.9％,并提高了企业退出出口市场的概率;反倾销对非数字化转型企业出口冲击明显而对数字化转型企业影响不显著,表明数字化转型有助于缓解涉案企业遭受的负面冲击,相比非转型涉案企业,将促进出口平均提升15.8％;数字化转型缓解了反倾销对涉案产品的直接出口抑制,同时又促进了涉案产品的跨国转移和向非涉案产品出口转换,这是应对反倾销冲击的主要渠道;数字化转型具有企业出口的成本跨越效应,降低了既有产品的出口成本和拓展新市场、新产品的出口成本,同时也具有明显的出口促进效应,这是数字化转型提升企业出口韧性的根源.本文的研究从数字化转型视角为提高经济韧性提供了理论依据和政策启示.
