The first international organisation to which Franco's Spain gained access was the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Through its technical assistance programme, nearly 300 scholarship holders from different countries around the world spent part of their research stays in Spain between 1954 and 1975. Although the dictatorship showed a low profile in its relationship with FAO, due to the economic considerations required to enter the technical assistance programme, the visits of fellows became a key meeting point for the modernisation of the Spanish primary sector. This article analyses the typology of these visits according to the periods, origins and institutions visited, as well as the collateral effects derived from them. It is concluded that human capital formation plays an important role in the agrarian aspects of the authoritarian modernisation linked to the developmentalist years.
This article examines the effects of the crisis of the Ancien Regime on a reformist elite family from the Kingdom of Navarre-the Sesma-through the private correspondence exchanged between two brothers, one a judge in Pamplona and the other a naval officer stationed in southern Spain, and the biographical trajectory of a member of the following generation. The study highlights how the generation shaped by Enlightenment reformism was able to maintain support networks and institutional roles, whereas their heirs-despite receiving a similar education-faced social and political disintegration that disrupted their lives. By analyzing personal letters from 1779 to 1794 and subsequent documentation, this article reconstructs the lived experience of a displaced elite in the midst of structural collapse, shedding light on the generational rupture caused by war, institutional crisis, and political transformation.
This paper aims to study the impact that the ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution had on Spanish ecclesiastical treatises during the reign of Charles IV. For ecclesiastical thought, this was the final stage in a gradual process of change that unfolded during the eighteenth Century, which largely resulted in less widespread compliance with religious norms and the relaxation of customs. In order for the Catholic Church to recover their social influence and for indoctrination to be effective, it was necessary to improve the work of the clergy, especially parish priests. To do this, it was necessary to emphasise the dignity attached to the ecclesiastical ministry and to raise the clergy's intellectual and doctrinal training.
This article focuses on a time of uncertainty resulting from the impact of the revolutions that shook France and the Spanish monarchy in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This political-temporal framework seems to us conducive to analysing the circumstances experienced and the interpretation of both revolutionary events by certain actors belonging to two generations of aristocratic families. Our analysis will start from the point of view of singularisation in order to understand the individual responses and actions of those who, being part of the upper classes, had to face the revolutionary phenomenon in their lives. Thus, the main purpose of this work is none other than to add new cases that allow us to review the interest with which the revolutionary echo was listened to by part of the noble class. The experiences studied show that the reactions ranged from a profound rejection of the revolutionary event to a feeling of proximity, or at least, intervention and interest in it.
