Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) pose a global threat to the health of the working-age population, which determines the competitiveness and development of countries on the global stage. Of particular concern is the shift in epidemiological peaks of disease incidence toward younger age groups, which poses additional risks to the national economy and social security system. The primary burden of diabetes management falls on the healthcare system, where a therapeutic model focused on treating existing conditions predominates. Effective containment of the NCCDs epidemic requires the integration of knowledge and resources from various economic sectors. This necessitates the analysis and systematization of common features in approaches to diabetes prevention and treatment to enhance the effectiveness of a comprehensive set of interventions encompassing all aspects of this population’s life. This paper presents the author’s interpretation of the principles (goal setting, grouping, prevention management, dietary design, and restrictions) and describes them. Given the wide range of participants in the process of diabetes prevention and treatment, which is multifactorial in nature, it is appropriate to consider the functions of institutional structures, not only those traditionally implementing these activities but also others, within the framework of a thematic cluster within the «science and education – production – market» system. The authors presented principles of developing preventive approaches to managing type 2 diabetes mellitus; systematized the institutional structures traditionally implementing its prevention and treatment in Russia; and identified the key participants in the «Diabetes Prevention» thematic cluster. The proposed conceptual model for type 2 diabetes prevention, based on the principles of goal-setting, audience grouping, a systematic approach to dietary planning, and functional nutrition principles, can serve as a foundation for the development and implementation of regional and national prevention programs. The development and inclusion of specialized foods, fortified foods, and dietary supplements in diets can become a key element of the preventive and therapeutic strategy of NCCDs.
Meat and bone broths are an important component of the diet in organized nutrition, but the traditional technology of their preparation (long cooking) is characterized by high energy costs, loss of time and non-selective extraction of both useful and undesirable components (purines, heavy metals). The purpose of the study is to conduct a systemic analysis and comparative assessment of the influence of ultrasonic cavitation on the extraction kinetics and yield of target nutrients (collagen, minerals), as well as the level of contaminants (purines, heavy metals) in beef bone broths to substantiate resource-saving technology in the organized food sector. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of innovative beef bone processing methods: ultrasonic cavitation (20–40 kHz), microwave extraction (2.45 GHz), and a combination of the two. It was shown that all innovative methods intensify the process, but the best results are achieved with a combined approach. The authors found that the synergy of ultrasound and microwave extraction reduces the processing time to 15–20 minutes (versus 8–12 hours with traditional cooking) and increases the yield of collagen and minerals (Ca, Mg) by 30–40% due to the cavitation destruction of collagen fibers and subsequent intensive hydrolysis. At the same time, combined processing reduces heavy metal and purine content by 15–25%, improving the safety and nutritional value of the product. Ultrasound processing has been shown to promote the formation of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides (less than 3 kDa), which possess potential osteogenic and antioxidant activity. The economic and technological feasibility of the phased implementation of flowthrough ultrasonic systems and combined units for modernizing food service facilities is substantiated.
