Objective To evaluate the impact of different marine environments on the quality of red blood cells in additive solution with reduced leukocytes transported in a passive blood transport container(2-10℃)in order to provide data for marine transportation of blood.Methods By simulating marine conditions for supply,transportation trials were conducted in both inland and open seas that covered a distance of 20 nautical miles.Paired samplet-tests were used to analyze intra-group changes in quality parameters of red blood cells in additive solution with reduced leukocytes before and after transportation while independent sample t-tests based on these changes(Δ values)were used to study the inter-group differences in severity of damage.Results Intra-group analysis showed that following inland sea transportation,the mean corpuscular volume(MCV)and mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH)in these red blood cells were elevated by 0.52%(P<0.05)and 0.68%(P<0.01),with all the indicators within acceptable limits.In contrast,open sea transportation in high seas resulted in a 3.29%increase in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes(P<0.01),along with a surge of 39.13%in free hemoglobin(FHb)(P<0.01),30.00%in hemolysis rates(P<0.01),and a 0.42%decrease in chloride ion concentrations(P<0.001),with some parameters near critical quality thresholds.Inter-group comparisons confirmed that Δ free hemoglobin(ΔFHb)and Δ hemolysis rates increased more significantly in the open sea group than in the inland sea group(P<0.05),although no statistically significant differences were found in ΔMCV,ΔMCH or Δ chloride ion concentrations(ΔCl⁻)between the two groups.Conclusion This study finds that open-sea transportation causes more significant hemolytic damage to red blood cells in additive solution with reduced leukocytes.The strong mechanical vibrations and impacts resulting from harsh marine conditions may be important determinants of blood quality.It is recommended that anti-shock stabilizing systems be used during long-distance marine transportation of blood and real-time cold-chain monitoring be enforced in the entire transport process to ensure that blood products meet the requirements for clinical quality.
Objective To compare the progression of articular cartilage lesions and subchondral bone microstructural alterations at different postoperative time points among three rat models of osteoarthritis(OA),and to facilitate the selection of OA animal models in research.Methods Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups(n=16 per group):a sham group,anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)group,conventional Hulth group,and a group subjected to the conventional Hulth procedure combined with intra-articular sodium iodoacetate injection(Hulth+iodoacetate).Knee joint specimens were harvested at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively for gross observation and micro-computed tomography(micro-CT).Bone microstructural parameters,including the bone volume fraction(BV/TV),trabecular number(Tb.N),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th),trabecular separation(Tb.Sp),and structure model index(SMI),were quantified via micro-CT analysis.Cartilage structure was observed under light microscopy.Results In each of the model groups,OA phenotypes of varying severity were induced.At 4 weeks postoperatively,roughened articular surfaces,periarticular tissue hyperplasia,and early-stage cartilage damage were detected in the ACLT and Hulth model groups,concurrent with reduced subchondral bone mass and associated osteoporotic changes.At week 8,the disease progressed to the middle and late stages,characterized by severe uneven joint surfaces and the formation of mature osteophytes in the ACLT and Hulth model groups.In the Hulth+iodoacetate group,pathological features of late-stage OA appeared as early as 4 weeks postoperatively.There was extensive cartilage defect with erosion of the subchondral bone.Compared with the sham group,BV/TV and Tb.N were significantly reduced while SMI and Tb.Sp were significantly increased in the Hulth+iodoacetate group(P<0.05).Conclusion Progressive degeneration from early to advanced stages of OA has been recapitulated in the ACLT and Hulth model groups over the 4-8 week period,whereas a severe and highly reproducible OA phenotype can be rapidly induced in the Hulth+iodoacetate model group.Subchondral bone loss,microstructural degeneration,and abnormal bone remodeling have been induced in all model groups.
Objective To characterize the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)microbiome in patients with central nervous system(CNS)infections and to compare its diversity with healthy controls using metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS).Methods Forty-six patients with CNS infections were enrolled as the infection group while 16 healthy individuals served as the control group.CSF samples were collected and subjected to mNGS.The sequencing data was processed via host sequence depletion,taxonomic profiling,and alpha/beta diversity analyses.Alpha diversity was assessed using the Chao1,Shannon,Simpson,and Pielou indices while beta diversity was explored using principal coordinates analysis(PCoA)combined with permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA).Results A total of 143 microbial species were identified from 46 sequencing samples.Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Ascomycota were the predominant phyla.Alpha diversity indices were significantly different between the infection group and control group(Chao1,Shannon,and Simpson,all P<0.05),suggesting altered microbial richness and diversity in CNS infections.Beta diversity analysis revealed a clear separation in community structure between the two groups via PCoA and PERMANOVA(P<0.05).Conclusion The diversity and composition of the CSF microbiome differ significantly between those with CNS infections and healthy individuals,suggesting correlations between CNS infections and CSF microbiome features.
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)can progress to liver fibrosis,leading to an increased risk of related decompensation.Investigation into the mechanisms,early diagnosis,and accurate staging of MAFLD-related liver fibrosis are critical to patient prognosis.MicroRNA,which are involved in post-transcriptional regulation,play significant roles in the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis.They exhibit aberrant expressions across different stages of liver fibrosis and are stably present in body fluids,suggesting their potential as novel circulating biomarkers.This article reviews the research on the mechanisms through which microRNA promote or inhibit MAFLD-related liver fibrosis and on their diagnostic value and therapeutic potential.
Objective To establish a lymphoid organoid model based on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and characterize the antigen-specific immune responses induced by the recombinant tetanus neurotoxin heavy chain(TeNT-Hc)protein based on this model.Methods Using viability and apoptosis of in vitro cultured PBMCs as indicators,the effects of key parameters,including different organoid culture methods,extracellular matrix,serum components and seeding densities,on the construction of lymphoid organoid model were compared.Recombinant TeNT-Hc protein was used as the model antigen to stimulate the organoids.Histological staining,flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were applied to evaluate the formation of germinal center-like structures,dynamic changes in specific immune cell subsets,and levels of antibody secretion.Results Under the optimized culture conditions,the cell viability of the constructed lymphoid organoids was 65.1%after 16 days of culture.Stimulation of lymphoid-like organoids with the model antigen resulted in marked activation and differentiation of B cell and T cell subsets,accompanied by the expansion of follicular helper T cell subsets.Germinal center-like structures were observed on day 8.Lymphoid organoids mounted B and T cell immune responses upon antigen stimulation,and antigen-specific antibody secretion was detected by day 6.PBMC-derived organoids from five healthy volunteers trended towards immune activation in response to antigen stimulation while retaining inter-individual differences in immune response intensity.Conclusion This established PBMC-derived lymphoid organoid model can effectively induce antigen-specific immune responses and possesses the dual ability to conduct standardized analysis and reflect the immune heterogeneity of the population.It provides a novel research tool for screening of vaccine candidate antigens and for the exploration of humoral immune mechanisms.
