Pivot to East Strategy is an important foreign strategy of Russia. From the perspective of international order,this article analyzes the important impact of the transformation of international order on Pivot to East Strategy. The international order is a concept composed of material and conceptual elements,which mainly consists of power pattern,dominant norms,and institutional arrangements. The current transformation of the international order is characterized by the emergence of "complex bipolar" in terms of power patterns,the rise of the concept of integration of politics and economy and the emerging concept of governance in terms of dominant norms,and the emergence of a pluralistic and competitive multilateral system in terms of institutional arrangements. These changes have prompted Russia to seek to build an international order favorable to its own interests through the Pivot to East Strategy,to strengthen cooperation with Asia-Pacific countries in the monetary,financial and high-tech fields,and to further strengthen the multilateral cooperation mechanisms that support Pivot to East Strategy. At the same time,Russia also needs to face the security risks arising from the transition of power patterns in the Far East,the changes in energy cooperation arising from the transition of dominant norms,and the dovetailing of multilateral cooperation arising from the transition of institutional arrangements. In the context of the transformation of the international order,China and Russia can interact in regional security cooperation,financial and high-tech cooperation,green development and multilateral cooperation platform construction,thus maintaining the new type of major-country relationship between China and Russia and building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Building a global high-standard FTA network is not only an inherent requirement for China to deepen reform,but also an important way for China to respond to the deterioration of global economic and trade environment and improve its institutional discourse in global economic governance. Although China has made significant progress in building a global high-standard FTA network,there is still much room for development in terms of FTA coverage,negotiation progress,content and negotiation standards,and it is still limited to obtaining "traditional benefits" mainly,and there is a serious shortage of obtaining "non-traditional benefits" and "benefits from restructuring international economic and trade rules",and it has not yet become a wheeling country for global high-standard FTA network. Therefore,in strategic positioning,we should take the construction of global highstandard FTA network as China’s rapid integration into the global FTA network development trend,break the "siege" of the United States,Europe and Japan on China,take the initiative to participate in and lead the reconstruction of international economic and trade rules,build a value chain system dominated by China,effectively hedge against the impact of protectionism and maintain China’s economic and political security. In terms of path innovation,China should strengthen top-level design and scientifically outline the roadmap for building a global high-standard FTA network to build a regional or even global value chain system,and at the same time promote "Dual FTA Linkage" and further promote domestic reform and opening-up to provide institutional support for building a global high-standard FTA network.
Since President Yoon Suk-yeol took office,the ROK-U.S. economic relationship has been accelerating toward globalization and securitization due to the common strategic needs of both sides. They focus on promoting cooperation in key supply chains and technologies,Indo-Pacific economic policies and third-party markets. These actions will probably facilitate US decoupling with China in key technologies and supply chains,increase the bargaining leverages of the United States and South Korea against China in the Indo-Pacific region,and assist the US Build Back Better World initiative to compete with China’s Belt and Road initiative. However,there are still profound interest conflicts between ROK and the US,and China shares lots of common interests with ROK. China should adopt a more positive strategy towards ROK to stabilize and shape the bilateral economic relationship and create more common interests.
Traditional geopolitics has a set of theoretical assumptions on the issue of space. The alienation leads to spatial exclusion,which leads to competition. Endless contention gradually turns space into closed,and competitors want to control closed space alone. The control of closed space has become an effective way to guarantee national security and power growth. This simple logic was rigid in theory and fails in practice,and has been criticized by postmodernism as an instrument of imperialist policy. It is theoretically appropriate to explore the opening and sharing of space. First of all,rethinking the meaning of "space" and constructing a new knowledge system of "space",then analyzing the geopolitical path of space opening and sharing.Finally,the space community of shared future is used to realize the protection of space opening and sharing.
The development of the China-U.S.-Russia-Europe relations has an important impact on the once-in-a-century changes. The United States builds a coalition to compete with China. The United States and Europe are in serious confrontation with Russia due to the Ukraine issue. And Sino-Russian relations remain stable. These trends showing the differentiation and coalition-driven competition of great powers are not conducive to the stability of the international order. In order to prevent coalition-driven competition,it is necessary to find an effective path on the basis of grasping the interaction logic of the four-parties. This article builds an unified framework that incorporates the two dimensions of autonomy and coordination. Based on the level of autonomy and the strength of coordination,this framework divides the great powers into four situations :independent with assistance,independent without assistance,subordinate/follow,and subordinate/isolated. With the most favorable situation which is independent with assistance,the great power has maintained a high degree of autonomy while developing strong coordination with others. The decline or absence of any dimension may prompt great powers to adjust their policies. The EU,who is lack of capabilities,will not only continue to enhance its overall strategic autonomy,but will also strengthen external cooperation with other great powers. The United States is not only continuing to enhance its competitiveness,but also revitalizing alliances and returning coordination. Autonomy is a sensitive source of China-Russia strategic partnership of coordination,but the way to reduce vulnerability and sensitivity is still to respect each other’s autonomy and enhance the positive effect of autonomy on coordination. Autonomy and coordination are the core logic of the strategic interaction among China,the United States,Russia,and Europe. The two dimensions are inseparable. The differentiation and coalition-driven competition of great powers will damage autonomy and rigidify coordination,which is not in line with the interests of all parties. Valuing autonomy and developing diverse and openly coordination will help prevent coalition building.
